TAIDINH DANG D|A LY KINH TE - XA HOI VIET NAM: NAM GIA TRI COT LOI, MOT TAM NHIN VA CACH TIEP CAN VIET NAM HOC, HITONG T O I D I A LY NHAN VAN Va Nhu Van Tarn nhin va each tiep can Vift Nam hoc - Viet Nam bgc (Vielnamology) bay Ngbien ciru Viet Nam (Vietnamese Studies) la nganh khoa bgc ngbien ciru da chieu ve Viet Nam Iheo: (i) cac chuyen nganh nhu Hch sir, dia ly, ngdn ngir, van bgc, van hda, kinb le, xa hoi, mdi Irudng sinh thai ; (ii) tinh lien nganh cua khu vyc bgc Trong nha Irudng, nganh Viet Nam bgc nham trang hi cho sinh vien nhirng kien Ihiirc dai cuomg ve khoa bgc xa hdi va nhan van, dac biet cac kien Ihuc ca ban, he thdng, hien dai va Ihiet Ihyc ve Viet Nam bgc (va ca tieng Viet Irudng hop sinh vien la ngudi nude ngoai), giup sinh vien sau Idl nghiep cd kha nang di sau ngbien ciru va giang day Viet Nam bgc; hoac trd Ihanh hudng din vien cho nganh du Hch Vi$t Nam bgc ciing cung cap each tiep can cac van de ve Viet Nam/lien quan den Viet Nam boat dgng ciia cac ca quan ngoai giao, Id chire qude le, cac ca quan dai dien, van pbdng thuomg mai, cac id chirc chinh phu va phi chinb phu d nude va ngoai lanb thd Viet Nam' Trong CO cau nganh Viet Nam bgc cd hai bd phan gan ket/tuang lac gifra Viet Nam bgc nude (do cac nha khoa bgc Viet Nam Ihuc hien) va Viet Nam hoc ngoai nude (chu yeu cac nha khoa bgc nude ngoai thuc hien) dem lai each nhin loan dien ban cho hoach dinh chien luge phat tricn va hdi nhap" Hdi thao qudc le Viet Nam bgc Ian thu nhat nam 1998 lai Ha Ngi da gop phan nang cao vi the cua cac Irung lam va Khoa Viet Nam hoc thudc Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Ngi va nhieu Irudng dai hoc nude, thu hut mot sd can bd khoa hoc cuan tam va ddng dao sinh vien theo hoc chuyen nganh mdi - Su xuat hien Viet Nam bgc, ciing vdi lam nhin, phuang phap tiep can cung nhu sir danh gia tich cue ciia xa hdi, khicn chimg tdi, cac nha dia ly Viet Nam bat iiac * TS Truong Dai hoc Supham Thai Nguyen 1, Hoi thao qudc te Viet Nam hoc Ian ba Viet Nam: Hdi nhgp vd phdt Irien, Nxb Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi 2008 210 TAI DINH DANG DIA LY KINH TE - XA HOI VIET NAM nhir lai doi tirgng va nhicMn vu ciia dia 1>' kinb le - xa hdi Viet Nam theo tinh than ddi -ndi tu trirdc hel la tu day phat tr'ien gan vdi thuc lien dat nude Xct vc phuang dien Hch sir dia ly k\ nh te - xa hdi Viet Nam khdi dau bang dia - kirh te vdi doi tirgng chii ycu la nghien ciru su phan bd san xuat NhCtng nam 70 the ly XX nhan thirc dugc vai tro quan cua cac van de xa hdi mdi quan he true tiep vdi san xuat dia - kinh te c6 them tiep vi ngu xd hdi; liic dau lien each bang dau phay (kinh te, xa hdi) vc sau chuyen gach ngang (kinh te - xa hdi) va tdn lai den Do cham ddi mdi, ddi tugng ciia dia ly kinh le - xa hdi triing hgp ngau nhien vdi Jhien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, va dieu dd, vd hinh chung thudng bi nhan nhlm la khoa bgc md la theo/cho chien luge dd, khien cho dia ly kinh te trd nen ken: hip din cho ngudi bgc va "tiep thj" mdn bgc Trong tinh hinh dd, mot sd nha dia ly kinh te kien Iri tim kiem giai phap ddi mdi theo hudng lam phong phu hanlhuc tl ban ngi ham nhan van cho cac van de kinh te - xa hdi dat nude; kbdng Ihda man vdi nbCrng gi dat dugc, hg keu ggi lai dinh dang/tai cau true dia ly kinh le - xa hdi Viet Nam bang sy Irg giiip tir tdm nhin va each tiep can tdng hap - lien nganh Viet Nam hoc vai lai the han hdn nha mdi lien he hdi tiep da chieu cd each nhin tir (Vi^t Nam hoc nuac) kit hap vai each nhin tir ngoai vdo (Viet Nam hoc ngodi nuac)\ May thay, each tilp can ay ve ngi ham lai gan gui vdi phumg phap nghien ciru lien nganh - lien viing cua dia ly kinh te - xa hdi; va dieu dien triing phiing vdi su kien Tdi dinh dgng dia - kinh te the giai WB de xult t^i Bdo cao Phdt triin thi giai nam 2009 cimg vdi Thuyet thuang mgi mai/Bia - kirh ti mai cua Paul Krugman, mot hoc gia My, doat Giai thudng Ndbel vl kinb tl bgc(2008)1 Cung cin ndi them, clu true phucmg phap luan dia ly kinh te - xa hdi Viei Nam da cd mot sd khia canh mang tinh/mdlip ndi ham dia ly nhan van thdng qua cac ndi dung dia ly dan cu, xa hdi, ben canh cac van de dia ly dan toe, dan sd, quin cu, cu Iru vdn la nhinig vln dl co tinh tuyin thdng, cdn cd mot sd khia canh vl sdnb kl, chit lugng cudc sing, cac gia tri van hda, van minh, nang luc the chat, ban sic van hda cua ngudi Viet Nam canh Iranh va hdi nhap qudc te Day la nhihg ylu id sin sang cho su nhan van hoa phuang phap luan cung nhu tiep can hanh dgni; va dugc coi nhu la tiln dk vat chat can va du cho vice lai dinh dang dia ly Ding Van Phan va NNK "Dia ly kinh tC- - xa hoi Viet Nam: Dien giai va hanh dong hudng tc! dja ly hoc thong minh sang tao" Hoi thao khoa hoc Cdc vdn de nghien cini vd gang, ilgv dia ly Dai hoc Quoc gia TP.H6 Chi Minh, 2012 Bio ciio Phat iriln the gidi (WB), Tdi dinh dang dia - kinh le (Reshaping economic geograpln) Nvb \an hoa - Thong tin Ha Noi 2009 211 VI$T NAM HQC - KY YEU HOI THAO QU6C TE LAN THU TU kinh le - xa hdi va nhan van ddng Ihdi xay dyng mdi dia ly nhan van Hudng di mdi nay, ve mat ly luan, can dugc kien giai bang vi^c lam sang Id gia In cdt Idi sau Nam gia trj cot Idi 2.1 Khdng gian tu nhien - lich su La nen tang ciia dia ly Viet Nam, va ndi chung cua ca Viet Nam bgc, moi Irudng ly nhien - Hch su Viet Nam dugc the hien bd ba khai niem Tu nhien Con ngudi - Xa hdi Tudng chimg bd ba khai niem chi la su bieu dat/mo lip nguyen lac phong thuy, nhung thuc la san pham ciia tuomg lac boat ddng ciia ngudi vdi ly nhien nham khai ihac tu li?u san xuat va sinh boat; khien cho cai tu nhien nguyen so trd cai tu nhien nhan lac Bdi ngudi va vi ngudi, tu nhien ban dau da mang dau an Hch su Theo nghTa dd, nen tang tu nhien cac nghien cuu ve dat nude, ngudi Viet Nam ve ban chat la ly nhien - Hch su Khdng c6 tu nhien ly than nd, ciing nhu khdng cd Hch sir nim ngoai cai ndi tu nhien cua dat nude Ve mat lich su tu nhien, tir thdi lien Cambri cho den dau Cd sinh, khdi nen cd sdng Chay pham vi lanh thd hien ciia viing niii phia BIC Viet Nam, ciing vdi khdi nen cd Kon Tum tren Tay Nguyen da hign len lanh thd nude la liic dd cdn la mdi viing nude menh mdng Cac boat ddng dia kien tao sau dd, dac biet thdi ky tan kien tao, ciing vdi cac boat ddng dul gay, nang syt, phun Irao macma, din den sy thay ddi bg mat dia hinh, biln mot sd ban hinh nguyen cd viing ddi niii nhieu b$c, tir thap den Irung hinh va cao tren 2500m vdi mang ludi song chay theo hudng chii dao tay bic - ddng nam; dan hi?n len cac hudng vdng cung, hudng ddng blc - tay nam; lac dgng cua tao son Anpa - Hymalaya cdn lam bien ddi canh quan dll nude mot each sau sic, tir canh quan cd chi tuyen sang canh quan cd a chi tuyen va dn ddi, cudi ciing la canh quan chi tuyen hien dai vi tiin trinh lich sir xa hdi, lanh thd nude la trai dai tren hai nghin cay sd tir Lang Son din mui Ca Mau da dugc xay dyng tren mot qua trinh ban hai nghin nam, nlu kl tir Au Lac la nha nude dau lien ciia chimg la xuat hien bien nien sir dan toe Cho din nha Ly, thdi ky dau cua nha nude phong kien tu chii, lanh tho cua chiing la chi mdi quanb quIn d mien bac Hoanh Son va tir mien trjng du sdng Hdng, sdng Ma va sdng Lam trd xudng Nha Ly da dn dinh bien gidi ciia Dai Viet vl phia ddng blc, ddng thdi md bd cdi cua nude la ve phia nam, den s5ng Thach Han tinh Quang Tri nay- Nha Trin bat dau kinh dinh mien lay bac va miln lay Thanh Hda, Nghe An, ddng thdi md bd cdi vao den nui Hai Van va nha Id tilp tuc phat Iriln vao din Quang Ngai Nha Le d thinh thdi da dn dinh bien ^idi miln lay va md mang them bd cdi vao den Binh Dinh Dao Duy Anh, Ddt nude Viet Nam qua cdc d(ri, Nxb Thuan Hoa, 1996 212 TAI DINH DANG DIA LY KINH T^ - XA H O I VIET NAM Tiep tiic su nghiep cua nha Le ho Nguyen da phat trien lanh thd vao den Ha Tien va Ca Mau, sat vdi vinh Ihai Ian, sau chiem cir bet ca nude Chiem Thanh va mdi phan nude Chan Lap; dong thdi ho Nguyen da bat dau kinh dinh mien cao ngu/en phia lay Nhung lanh tho nude ta, viec nha Mac cudp ngdi nha Le va viec hai hg Trinh Nguyen phan tranh da hi chia xe lam hai khoang hai the ky rud Do cudc khdi nghTa lay Son danh ca hg Nguyen, bg Tnnb vdi nha Le, lanh thd mdi cd dieu kien de thdng nhat trd lai pham vi rgng rai ban d thdi Le so, 3ao quat ca dat lien va vimg nude rgng Idn tren Bien Ddng, gdm cac quan dao Hoing Sa va Trudng Sa Tren ca sd nghien ciru cac tai lieu dia ly Hch su", ciing nhu cac ngudn thdng tin lu lieu mdi nhat, khdng gian tu nhien - Hch su Vi^l Nam cd the dugc nhin nhan mgtcach tdng quan nhu sau: Thir nhdt, lanh thd nude ta la mot dam vi dia ly hoan chinb, nam d phia ddng ban dao An Do Chi Na, d giira mot ben la dai nui xuomg sdng ciia phan ddng bd ban dao tir mien nam Trung Qudc chay doc xudng nam theo hiiu ngan sdng Me Kdng, mot ben la bien Ddng Hai vdi vinh Blc Bg d blc va vinh Thai Lan d nam Thir hai, don vi dia ly ay dugc cau tao tren su phan biet va sy phdi hgp ciia hai mill ddi nhau, mien ddng bang chay dai theo dgc bien nbirmg sdng Idn phat nguyen tir dai niii xuang sdng bdi thanh, va mien nui cao chay dai theo trien phia ddng ciia dai niii xuomg sdng va Hen tiep vdi mien ddng bing mot dai trung du gdiT nhung ddi va dll cao chan niii; su pham biet va su phdi hgp giira hai mien nhu thI a dilu kien rll thuan Igi cho vi?c lap mot khu vyc kinb le hoan chinb vdi nhung ngudn lai san va nbimg nganh san xuat luy khac ma bd sung lln nhau, dd cung la dilu kign thuan Igi cho sy thdng nhat chinh tri, tuc su kiln lap cua nha nude thdng nhit, mac diu vl dilu kign cu dan thi nhirng miln cao khac nhai nhu tren da quy dinh sy tin lai ben canh ciia nhilu chung toe va dan Idc khac Thir ba, lanh thd ly nIm dai theo bd phia ddng ciia An Do Chi Na va hi chia clt Mnh nhilu khu vyc each bdi nhumg nhanh ngang cua day niii xuomg sdng noi :ren nhung mdi mot khu vyc ly tu nd lai cung la mdi khu vyc dia ly hoan chinh nhdvdi mot dai ddng blng, mot dai niii cao lien tiep bdi mot dai trung du, do cung cd Ihl lam mot khu vuc kinh le tuomg ddi hoan chinb Nhu-ng khu virc nho ly luy each bdi nhimg nhanh niii ngang, nhimg lai thdng vdi de dang blng nhung deo thip va nhIt la bang dudng bien dgc theo bd, cho nen su ngan each theo nhilu khu vuc nhu thI khong nhirng khdng ngan trd sy giao thdng va DioDuy Anh Sdd 213 VItT NAM HQC - KY \tV UQl THAO QU6C TE LAN THIJ TlT su thdng nhat kinh le va chinh In, ma trai lai la dieu kign thuan Igi cho sy dn dinh tuomg ddi sdm cua lanh thd nha nude va cho sy phat trien deu dan theo lirng giai do^n cua lanh thd ay Thu tu, khdng gian lanh thd nude ta la mot dan vi dia ly thdng nhat su da dang gdm ba hgp phan: mien niii, ddng bang, bien, diing nhu dng cha da kbSng dinh ca cau lanh thd nude la la tam san tir hdi nhdt phan dien; dd bien nude la la Biln Ddng Dd la ca sd tu nhien - Hch su cho cudc dau tranh de bao ve chii quyen, quyen chii quyen va quyen tai phan tren viing lanh hai, tiep giap lanh hai, viing dac quyen kinh le va viing them lye dia, dd cd hai quan dao Hoang Sa va Trudng Sa Khdng gian ly nhien - Hch sii dd dugc khlng dinh Luat Bien Viet Nam dugc Qudc hgi cdng bd Ihang 6/2012 Thii- nam, Trong thdi dai loan cau hda va hdi nhap qudc le, khai niem khong gian tu nhien - lich sir can dugc cap nhat hda bang quan nigm khdng gian "mem", khdng gian "thdng minh", dugc dinh vi blng Iga dg viing phu sdng ciia v? tinh vien thdng VINASAT cung nhu vi tri va vi the ciia la theo cac phan khiic ehuoi cung loan cau' He luan quan trgng tir nhirng dilu trinh bay d tren la sy khlng dinh khdng gian ly nhien - Hch su nude ta thdng nhIt da dang, kl thira ciia qua khu, vQ-ng tin hign tai, phat trien tuomg lai 2.2 Cuddn - Cu dan la ngi dung cdt Idi hlu hit cac nghien cuu dia ly Cdng trinh tieu bilu theo hudng nghien cuu long hgp - lien nganh la lac phim Vdn hda vd cu dan dong bdng sdng Hdng ciia GS Vu Ty Lap va cac ddng nghigp^ Dudi gdc nhin dan sd bgc, chu Ihl cu dan Viet Nam la mgt cgng ddng sd Idn vdi 86,9 tri^u ngudi (2010), thudc nhdm nude cd dan sd ddng tren the gidi, nhumg phan bd khdng ddng deu giura cac viing miln, giira cac khu vuc va dia phuang phii hgp vdi hoan canh mdi trujng kinh le sinh thai nhan van Theo tinh loan ciia UNDP, dl cudc sdng thuan Igi, binh quan tren Ikm^, chi nen cd tir 35 den 40 ngudi; vay ma mat dan sd nude la nam 2010 la 263 ngudi/km , lire la gip khoang - lln "mat chuin" Ihl gidi Trong dieu kien dat ndng nghiep d cac viing ddng blng cd ban, mat dan sd cao cung la dieu kien khd khan cho tao viec lam, bao ve mdi Irudng va phat trien ben vQ-ng Dang Van Phan va NNK, , Sdd Vu Tu Lap va NNK, Van hda vd cu dan ddng being sdng Hdng, Nxb Khoa hoc xa loi, Ha Noi, 1991 214 TAI Dlf^H DANG DIA LY KINH T^ - XA HOI V I E T NAM - Theo Du bao ciia Lien hop quoc, Vict Nam dang d thdi ky "ddn sd vdng", keodai khoang 27 nam (tir nam 2008 va ket thuc vao nam 2035) Viec nIm bit ca hdi de tao nen budc dot pha cho su phat trien cua dat nude la hel sire quan trgng, nhung that khdng de dang Nude ta da d sat ngudng dan sd gia Ngay tir bay gid, can day manh nghien ciru qua trinh gia hda d nude ta nham lam ca sd cho viec xay dung va thuc thi chien luge qudc gia nham ddi phd vdi xu hudng gia hda dan sd dier cang nhanh, manh Nhieu thach thirc ve co hdi dan sd vang cung nhu ddn trudc dan sd gia dat ciing liic - Trong qua trinh Hch sir, nude ta thirdmg xuyen cd cac cudc di dan Cac cudc di din dau lien xuat phat tir cai ndi hinh dan toe Viet d trung du phia bac, lan Kudng phia ddng va sau dd xudng phia nam theo cac thdi ky Hch su Cac cudc tdng dieu Ira dan sd nam 1999 va nam 2009 cho thay, su chuyen bien co cau kinh te cho nen cac ludng chuyen cu cung cd nhirng thay ddi nhat dinh Mien niii va trung du Bac Bd trudc day nhap cu nhieu bom thi gid day bat dau cd bien lugng xuai cu Cac ludng di cu tir ddng bang sdng Hdng hudng vao Tay Nguyen, ddng blng sdng COru Long va Ddng Nam Bg Blc Trung Bd la vimg xuat cu Idn, chu yeu hudng vao Tay Nguyen va Ddng Nam Bd Nhirng tac ddng kinh le - xa hgi ciia su chuyen cu rat phirc tap, da dang va lau dai, gay xao Iron ca cau dan cu d tat ca cac vimg; ay la chua ndi den mot bd phan cu dan ngudi Viet Nam sinh sdng d nude ngoai, va mgt bd phan ngudi nude ngoai nhap qudc deb Viet Nam cang ddng han - Trong qua trinh phat trien luc lugng san xuat, ddng thdi vdi sy thay ddi cac mlu hinh quIn cu d cac viing, sy phat trien ciia cac dd thi, sy hinh va pha: triln mang ludi dilm dan cu pham vi ca nude, lirng budc hinh hg thong quIn cu thdng nhIt su da dang, nhung chii yeu gdm hai mau hinh quIn cu ndng thdn (ddng blng - ven biln, mien niii) va mlu hinh quan cu Iharh thi Qudn cu bien a ddng bdng, ven hiin pbin Idn la lang xa ngudi Viet Vl ngoii mao, lang xa truyin thdng d ding blng sdng Hdng dugc xay dymg tren nbii-ng nin dll cao bom ddng rudng bao quanh GiCra lang cd dinh thd hoang - ngudi cd cong dung lang Ben canh dinh lang thindng cd chiia thd Phat, phia trudc chiia cd gae chudng, tugng Quan Am Bd Tat, hien than cho dire tin uy nghiem, tram mac, ma gan gui' Su khac biet quIn cu va cu trii d d6ng blng sdng Cihi Long khdng dem lai su di bet, trai lai, dd la su da dang van hoa cu tni va van hda umg xir vdi tu nhien VJTuLapvaNNK Sdd 215 VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HQI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU" Xdm ap lay kenh rach lam tryc giao luu kinh le va xa hdi Tren mgi phuomg dien tam linh va thiel che lang xa - xdm ap hai ddng bang deu la nai luu tru va phat trien cac gia tri van hda vat chat va linh than ciia dan toe Quan cu ddng blng ven bien mang tinh ludng nguyen; mat de gan vdi ddng rudng de san xuat luomg thuc, vdi mai dinh, chiia chien, cay da, gieng n\iac, vdi mg to, nha thd ddng hg; mat ngoai de ludn gin bd vdi lam mudi, lam mam, nghe danh bat tdm ca ven bd, xa bd cd ca thang trdi ciia cac van chai tren cac bai trieu cua sdng, ngoai bai Con de tudng nhu chi la dk ngan man, chan lu, bao ve ddng rudng, lang mac, lai la bieu tugng gan ket hg hang ddng tdc Irong/ngoai de; ngudi lam rudng, ke chai ludi, cd ca hai nghe vao liic ndng nhan, tao nen net sinh ke ven bien dac Ihii ciia Vigl Nam Qudn cu ndng thdn trung du - mien niii: Tiiy theo dac diem cac dan tdc va dja phuang ma cac diem dan cu trung du - mien niii ciing cd ten ggi khac nhau: ban, lang, budn, play, kon Chi cd mgt sd dan tdc d reo thap (Tay, Niing, Thai, Mudng, ) mdi cu trii tap trung lang ban vdi vai chyc ndc nha, cdn ndi chung cac lang ban viing cao thudng tuang ddi nhd, nha d rai rac (dac biet la lang ban cac dan tgc H'mdng, Dao) Sinh kl chii ylu ciia ddng bao la canh lac nuang ray, rugng bac thang, san xult luang thuc, chan nudi gia sue Idn, cham sdc rirng, cay an qua, dugc li^u QuIn cu d Tay Nguyen that dgc dao Budn lang ngudi Ba Na, Gia R.ai, Xa Dang, phin Idn dIu cd nha rdng d gifl-a lang, cd vai trd nhu dinh lang ciia ngudi Viet d ddng blng, tugng trung cho sy thinh vugng va bieu lugng cho sy ket ndi nua thi gidi tam linh hien hiru vdi nua ben day quyin nang, nen dugc dan lang ddn tam doc sire xay d\tng hoanh trang, cham sdc chu dao Qudn cu a thi, theo cac chOrng cir Hch siir thi thdi phong kien ty chii dugc bill din la cac dd thi Thang Long - Ddng Dd - Ke Chg Cac dd thi - tram dich dugc hinh thanh, cd mgt sd cang mgt thdi ndi tieng sam uat nhu Phd Hien, Van Ddn, Hdi An Chinh sach trgng ndng, Crc thuang da ban che su phat trien dd thi Chire nang la trung tam chinb tri - hanh chinh lln at chirc nang trung tam kinb tl; cac ang nghe, thi dan d vi tri yem the Nude ta dang d giai doan dIu cua qua trinh dd thi hda hien dai Trinh do ih hoa thIp, mdi chi cd 29,6% dan sd sdng cac phd, thi >^a, thi Iran (20)9) Hien nay, ca nude da cd 755 dd thi dd cd ban 100 phd va thi xa Do lb la bilu tugng ciia nIn van minh, muc lieu phan dau den nam 2020 cu dan d( lb phai dat tdi 43 - 45% dan sd Mang ludi dd thi cIn dugc quy hoach khang t-ang hien dai theo hudng phat trien xanh va ben virng 216 TAI OINH DANG DIA LY KINH T^' - XA HOI V I ^ T NAM 2.3 Sinh ke - Sinh ke dugc hieu la each lam an de muu su sdng ciia ngudi dan, ndi rgng la cich thirc tdn tai va phat trien ciia cdng ddng dan cu Theo Nien gidm thong ke nan 20H), 69,83% dan cu Viet Nam sdng d ndng thdn vdi sinh ke chii yeu la san xua: ndng, lam nghiep, khai Ihac thuy san; chi cd 30,17% dan sd thi vdi sinh ke (hu yeu ciia dan cu boat ddng cdng nghiep dich vu" Tinh den 31/12/2009, co cau lao ddng tir 15 luoi trd len dang lam viec thee nganh ndng nghiep va lam nghiep chiem 48,2%, thuy san 3,7%, cac nganh cdng nghiep xay dung chi chiem 21,4%, boat ddng dich vu chilm 26,7% Theo tharh phan kinh te, 86,1% lao ddng thudc khu vuc ngoai nha nude, dd, 79,4% la Lo dgng ca the; sd lao ddng thudc khu vuc nha nude chi chiem 10,5%; khu vuc vdn nude ngoai 3,4% Trong birc tranh kinh te da dang, nhieu mau ve cua dan cu Vie: Nam, ndi len hai loai hinh sinh ke chii yeu sau day: - Sinh ke cu ddn ndng thdn Cu dan ndng thdn Viet Nam sinh sdng chu yeu bang nghe Irdng liia nude vdi hinh thirc cu trii lieu bieu la lang thudn ndng Cay liia dugc ngudi Viet cd thuan hda each day khoang 6000 nam Do anh hudng cua sy phan hda ciia hau ciing vdi pha: trien thuy Igi va su dyng cac gidng liia ngan ngay, d nude la da hinh ba vy san xuat chinh la vy ddng xuan, vy he thu va vu miia Cac tinh phia Bac cd mgt vy (idng va mgt vy xuan, vy he thu va vu mua Su phan hda dia hinh va hau ciing dan tdi su da dang sinh ke cu dan miei niii Dai bd phan cu dan mien nui phat trien canh tac nuomg ray, rugng bac tharg, chu yeu la Irdng cac cay luang thuc cd bat nhu liia, ngd, ke, dau, cac loai rau cii cua va cay cdng nghiep Cimg vdi phat trien nghe Irdng liia, ngudi dan phat trien chai nudi trau, bd de lay sire keo; nudi Ign de lay thil va ngudn phan bdn; nudi gia can, thuy cam lam ngudn thuc pham; ddng thdi phat trien nghe mgc, ren, sOra chira ndng cy, xay dung nha d Sinh ke ndng nghiep keo theo su trao ddi hang hda dia phuang cd tinh lu cung ly cap bang he thdng chg: chg tet, chg xuan, chg phien, chg chieu, chg hdm, chg bop chg cdc, chg vd; ke ban, ngudi mua, trao qua ddi lai, chu yeu la mgt sd thu: thiel yeu cho cudc sdng thudng nhat, hoac don gian la gom lien de di an cuci, de gdp gid, viec hg, viec lang Hang nam tren dat nude ta cd nhieu le hoi mdi lan Id chirc le hdi thudng kem theo hoi chg bap dan ddng dao cac doanh nghiep va ngudi dan Dgc dao nhat la cac chg tren nga ba sdng, theo kenh rach d Ngo Doan Vjnh, Phdi Irien - Dieu ki' dieu vd hi dn, Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia Ha Noi, 2010 217 VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HOI THAO QU6C T £ LAN THIJ TU ddng blng sdng Cuu Long Dgc theo bien gidi vdi cac nude lang gieng cdn loai cap chg ben nay/ben qudc gidi Lai cd ca chg mua may bdn rui dau xuan (Chg Vieng, Nam Dinh); chg tinh (Chg tinh Kbau Vai - Ha Giang; Sapa, Bac Ha - Lao Cai; Mgc Chau - Son La) Do dac diem thdi vy ciia nghe ndng la phai tap trung Idn ngudn lao ddn g vao thdi ky gieo cay va thu hoach, ma xuat hien khai niem "ndng nhdn" sau viu cdy trudc vy gat, ddng thdi vdi nghe chan nudi, nghe thii cdng, budn ban nhd Tir dd xuat bi^n cac lang nghe, lang chai ludi ciia sdng, ven bien Ndi chung cd the coi Idng nghe la cdng ddng sinh ke Iruyen thdng ciia cu dan ndng thdn; dien m^o lang que dang thay ddi manh me theo hudng xay dung ndng thdn mdi Do nang suai lao ddng thap, miia mang bap benh, thudng hi Ihien lai dich benh, dan sd mgt ddng, ddi sdng khd khan, phan Idn hg ndng dan chua thoat ngheo ben viimg; mgt bd phan dan cu keo vao thi kiem thenn lien bang lam Ihue, thu gom phe thai - cdn ggi la ddng ndt, mgt bd phan budn thung ban met Lai cdn chuyen ca lang keo di dn may dau xuan de ghi an hoang lang xua lirng di an may ma lam nen ca nghiep (I) - Sinh ke ciia cu ddn thi La mgt nude ndng nghiep, lai trai qua nhilu thang tram Hch su, ty Ig dian sd thi nude ta tinh den 1/4/2009, mdi chiem 29,6%, mac dii mong mudn nang ly 1? len 43-45% khoang nam 2020 Ty Ig nhd dan sd thi, chire nang cdng nghiep, dich vy khdng dii Idn, khien cho bg mat sinh ke dd thi trd nen nhieu mau ve Nhin tdng quan, cd the chia sinh ke ciia dan thi hai loai: Logi hinh sinh ke ca cau va Logi hinh sinh ke phi ca edu + Thudc logi hinh sinh ke ca edu, gdm: Thir nhdt, boat ddng thuang mai dich vy la hinh thirc sinh ke cua dai bd phan cu dan thi, gom boat ddng budn ban, trao ddi hang hda dich vu giira tlhi vdi dd Ihi/dd thi vdi ndng thdn, vdi thi trudng qudc te, thdng qua he thdng dai Iw, cac chg ban budn/ban le Hau hel cac dd thi hanh chinh kinh le cap linh, thi xa deu cd mgt bd phan dan cu sdng bang nghe budn ban, ciing vdi hg la nhumg ngudi lam thue, lao cdng tap vy Dilu dang chii y la mgt bd phan Idn dan cu lam thuang mai nhd le vdi v d van cira hang, cira hieu, sap hang, may va, sira chira nhd le, dich vu an udng Mgt bd phan nhd cdng nhan vien chirc luang thap, nhirng ngudi vc huu, nhung ngucri chd viec thudng phai kiem viec lam them nhu bao ve co quan, xi nghiep, chay xe 6m, ban nude/ban ve xd sd d ben xe, ben lau 218 TAI OINH DANG DIA LY KINH TE - XA HOI V I ^ T NAM Thir hai ngudn sinh kc chu \cu I a lir(Tng thang thudc ve tang Idp cdng chirc, vier chirc nha nude Day la bg phan kha ddng, hien can bd cdng chirc nha nude cac cap an ninh, quan ddi, y te, giao due, djch vu cdng Ngudn sinh sdng chu yeu cua hg li lam cdng an luimg Tuy nguon thu nhap dn dinh nhung ndi chung van rat thap, ciing kha chat vat de nudi gia dinh va chu cap cho bgc hanh Do vay, ngoai sinh ke 'chinh danh", hg van phai "Idm them", ddi chdn ngodi ddi han chdn trong, kha lam lu, chiu nhieu rui ro Trong dieu kien khung hoang kinh le, ddi sdng ciia cu dan khu vuc khd khan, nhat la vdi nhimg ngudi lam viec lai cac xi nghiep qudc doanh lam an thua Id Thir ba, dd la loai hinh sinh ke thudc phan kinh te ca the, tu nhan, trudc khdng lam viec cac co quan, xi nghiep qudc doanh Hg da quen va thich ling vdi CO che kinh te thi trudng Mdi gia nhap khu vyc sinh ke la mgt bd phan cdng chirc ve huu cdn sire khoe, nhirng ngudi that nghiep tam thdi chd xi nghiep ddi mdi cdng nghe; lai nira la, mgt bg phan nien tir ndng thdn len dd thi tim kiln viec lam, mgt bd phan sinh vien Idl nghiep dai bgc, cao dang chua xin dugc vi^c Dd la ngudn nhan luc Ire, ddng, Ihugc "ddn so vdng" boat ddng du mgi ITnh vyc phye vy cac cOra hang an udng, tap hda, van pbdng cdng ty, lam thue, lap vy, Irdng Ire, lau don nha cua, rira xe, danh giay, ban hang rong; thu nhap ciing kha nhung bap benh, nhieu riii ro Thir tu, thi nude ta thudng cd tinh nhi nguyen gdm hai bd phan cu dan ngi va cu dan ngoai thi/ven Sinh ke ciia ciia cu dan ven dd/ngoai thi chu ylu la ndng nghiep, san xult luang thuc, thuc pham, cung d p rau, thil, sira, hoa qua cho khu vuc ndi thi Hoat ddng trao doi lip nap, sdi dgng dem, lam xult hi?rt cac hinh thuc dich vy dgc dao nhu "chg dem", "chg cdc", "chg chieu" Nhin chung sinh kl cu dan khu vuc co thu nhap kha nhd sire tieu thy san pham ndng nghiep va nhu clu lao ddng cho cac dich vu sinh boat ndi dd Mgt bd phan ndng dan viir^ ven dd, bi thu hdi dll cho cac khu cdng nghiep, lam mil di nguon sinh kl ndng nghiep lau ddi, lai khdng cd co hdi chuyin ddi nghe nghiep, kbdng biet lam gi kha:, bg quay vl vdi sinh kl truyin thing: nudi Ign, gia cam, budn ban nhd; ndi chung ddi sdng rll khd khan, keo theo nhilu vln dk xa bdi nhirc nhdi, birc xuc Thir nam, nIn kinh tl thi trudng dem lai ca hdi sinh ke mdi cho cu dan thi,dd la dich vu cho thue nha (cho ngudi nude ngoai, cho sinh vien, cdng nhan tir ndi^ thdn thi lam viec ) D I tang them thu nhap mgt sd bd gia dinh md quan an udng xe qua ngay, qua dem ban xd sd + Thudc logi hinh sinh ki phi ca cau la mgt bd phan nhd cu dan sdng trdi dat d cic thimh thi Gia nhap ddi quan vd nghl nghiep, vd gia cu dd cung cd mgt sd ngidi an bam khong chiu lao dgng, song dat deo, tham gia cac tieu cue xa hdi 219 Vl£T NAM HQC - KY YEU HQI THAO QU6C TE LAN THIJ TU^ du loai nhu hanh nghe ban dam, trgm cip, cd bac, nghien hut Gan day xuat hien mgt sd ngudi nude ngoai nhap cu trai phep vao lanh thd nude ta, lang thang that nghiep, lam cho biirc tranh dd thi trd nen phirc tap di thudng Nhan dien nhdm sinh ke phi cau true ndi tren la khdng khd, nhung khd horn ca van la tim kiem giai phap phii hgp, de cd the quan ly dd thi van minh va giiip hg trd ve vdi lao dgng cd ich cho xa hdi 2.4 Vdn hoa Nen van hda nude ta cd be day hang nghin nam Hch su Ve cdt each dd la nen van hda ndng nghiep liia nude, bit dau each day 3000 nam Nen van hda dd cd sire manh tiep bien vdi van hda phuomg Ddng va phuang Tay, tren ca sd nen van minh sdng Hdng rat ddi tu hao Trong sy mudn mau mudn ve dd, cd the nhan mgt sd gia tri sau day: - Vdn hda nhi nguyen lang - nuac/qudc - gia Viet Nam Lang xa Vigl Nam da xuat hien tir dau thdi dymg nude, cd the dugc coi la san phIm ciia mgt nIn van minh liia nude CJ cac viing trung du va ddng blng Bac Bd ngudi Viet cd thudng dinh cu theo lirng dilm cu dan ddng due, trii phu Lang xa Vi?t Nam cung cd nhilu dang khac ve loai hinh sinh ke: lang thuan ndng, lang chai, lang budn, lang nghl Tuy cd nhilu sic thai khac nhau, nhung nhin mgt each tdng quat, lang xa Vi^t Nam truyin thdng van mang nhieu dac dilm chung; dd vira la mgt cgng ddng cd kit chat chg, bin viimg va bao thii, vira la mgt cau triic phan ling sau sic, cd the coi dd la rudng cgt lang/nudc - qude/gia (nudc/nha)' - Cdc gid tri phd bien mang tinh qudc gia Thu nhdt, chii nghTa yeu nude - gia In lieu bilu cua van hda Viet Nam CI day Idng yeu nude khdng chi cdn la mgt thir tinh cam, lu ludng thuan ma nd da trd mgt pham trii thieng lieng, vugt len y chi thudng nhat, trd cac gia tri tam linh dugc cdng ddng Idn vinh, ngudng md, phyng thd Thu hai, tinh thin cdng ddng, doan kit - mgt gia tri quan trgng cua van nda Viet Nam Do sdng mdi Irudng kinh tl lua nude va ciing vdi su phat trien ciia nd, tinh cdng ddng cang dugc cung cd Dudi tryc lich hgp cua chu nghTa yeu nude Viet Nam, ngudi Viet ciing doan kit cdng cudc md mang va bao ve bdcdi Thir ba, tinh thin lac quan nhan nghTa - he gia tri van hda ndi trdi cua dan tdc Viet Nam, dugc nhan len bdi chii nghTa yeu nude, Idng tu Idn/lu tin dan tgc, drgc Dang Van Phan va NNK, , Sdd 220 TAI DjNH DANG DIA LY KINH T^ - XA HOI V I ^ T NAM thu thach qua hang nghin nam Hch sii ung phd vdi Ihien tai, dich benh nhiet ddi du loai vdi ngoai xam, de bao ve que huomg dat nude Thir tu, tinh than can cii, chiu dung gian khd - mgt gia tri van hda quy bau cua dan tdc Viet Nam Cd dugc linh than ay la su ket linh ciia chii nghTa yeu nude; chii nghTa yeu nude la true gia In tich hgp de san sinh cac gia In van hda dao dire: dire tinh can cii, chiu dung gian khd, by sinh cua dan tgc Vigl Nam - Gid tri vdn hda nhdn logi Nen van hda Viet Nam rat ddi lu bao vi cd sy cdng hien cho nen van hda nhan loai vdi Danh nhan van hda the gidi, Anh biing giai pbdng dan tdc Hd Chi Minh (18'20-1969); Danh nhan van hda the gidi Nguyen Trai (1380-1442); va hai vi ludng lirng danh thi gidi TrIn Hung Dao (1228-1300), Vd Nguyen Giap Vugt tren tam qudc gia, nhieu gia tri van hda vat Ihl, phi vat Ihl cua Viet Nam cdng hien cho nen van hda nhan loai Minh chimg cho nhan dinh dd la cac quylt dinh ciia UNESCO cdng nhan gia tri van hda vat the ciia nhan loai nhu Cd dd Hui, Phd cd Hdi An, Thdnh dia My San, Hodng Thdng Long - Hd Ngi, Thdnh Nhd Ho Ddng gdp vao kho lang di san van hda phi vat thi ciia nhan loai la: Nha nhgc cung dinh Hue, Quan ho Bac Ninh, Ca trii, Hat Xoan Phd Thg Viet Nam cd siic hiit khach du Hch the gidi vdi di san thien nhien ndi tilng nhu Vinh Hg Long, Dong Phong Nha - Ke Bdng Cdng vien dia chat todn edu - Cao nguyen dd Ddng Vdn Ha Giang; nam 2010, vinh Ha Long dugc vinh danh la mgt ky quan mdi ciia the gidi Chua bet, khach du Hch nude ngoai den Viet Nam dIu quy trgng Idng hieu khach, nu cudi mgc mac chan ciia ngudi Vigl; hg bi cudn hiit bdi ve dep cua cac bai bien Ha Long, Cat Ba, Nha Trang, Vung Tau, cac phd du Hch hap dan: Sa Pa, Da Lat, Nha Trang, Hue, Ha Ndi hg cung sumg sd trudc hire tranh rugng b$c thang tho mdng Sa Pa, Mudng Khuomg, Hoang Su Phi, Cao nguyen Ddng Van Ha Giang Am thuc thuan Viet cung dugc khach du Hch qudc te danh gia cao - Gid tri dia - vdn hda bien Nha van hda Tran Nggc Them cho rang, mgt dan tdc dugc coi la cd van hda bier van hda bien la mgt Id hum co khdng the thieu ciia vdn van hda dan tdc Dieu dd dat dugc hdi du bdn dieu kien: (1) Khu vuc sinh tdn nhd bien dii 1dm de cgng ddng biet den va thira nhan; (2) Cu dan sdng tren bien dii ddng de trd nen mgt luc lugng quan trgng khdng the xem thudng cua cdng ddng; (3) Ddng gdp kinh te - xa hgi ciia nghe bien du nhieu de cdng ddng biet den va thira nhan; va (4) Chu the ay tdn lai khdng gian ay vdi nhumg ddng gdp ay mgt thdi gian du dai de va tniyen thdng va di vao tam thirc cdng ddng Ddi chieu vdi cac Ueu chi tren, 221 VlfT NAM HQC - KY YEU H Q I THAO QU6C TE LAN THlT TU Vi?t Nam la nude cd van hda biln Nin van hda biln ay ddng chay ciia thdi dai, sg la nIn van hda biln hign dai, giau ban sic dan tdc - Gid tri vdn hda - chinh tri/dia - chinh tri Nhirng kit qua nghien cuu dia ly nhan van cho thiy, Viet Nam cd nIn van hda dia chinh tri rll dac sic Trong chiln tranh chdng ngoai xam ngudi Viet lly yeu danh manh, lly nhan nghTa thing tan, kien quylt bao ve dgc lap lu chii, tneo linh thin loan dan doan kit mudn ngudi nhu mgt, bill danh va danh thing de bac ve Td qudc, "gigc den nhd dan bd cung danh" Trong ddi ndi lly dan lam gdc, mgi \iec dan, vi dan, d nai dan Trong ddi ngoai, ngudi Viet khoan dung, coi trgng tinh nghTa thuy chung, trudc sau trgn ven Viet Nam sin sang lam ban, ddi tac tin cay cua cac qudc gia, cac dan tgc, la vien cd trach nhi?m ciia cdng ddng the gidi Hien trudc dan tdc ta la nguy ca viing nude Biln Ddng thudc chu quyen b: de dga va dang lln chilm mgt each chii y, phi dao ly va phi dao due, ngang nhien ohu nhan su that Hch su chii quyIn cung nhu Cdng udc qudc tl va cac hiep dinh da ky ket Nin chinh tri cua dan tgc Vi^l Nam la nIn chinh In cd van hda, coi Jao ly, chinh nghTa, dl cao cac gia tri dao diirc xu ly cac vln dk lien quan din ving biln thugc chu quyln Dan tgc ta trgng cdng ly, yeu hda binh va tu do, khdng khuai phyc Chan ly hanh dgng cua dan tgc ta la Khdng cd gi quy han doc lap tic do, tha by sinh tit ca chir khdng khdng chiu mil nude, khdng lam nd le Mgi van de ve Biln Ddng thugc lanh thd bit kha xam ph^im dIu thyc hi?n khudn khd luat Biin Vi^t Nam 2012, Cdng uac qudc ti vi biin UNCLOS-82/DOC, va tiln tdi cac quan h? rang huge COC Ca dan tgc ta phIn dIu din nam 2020, Vi?t Nam fhai manh len vl biln ca vl qudc phdng, an ninh, kinh tl va mdi trudng; ciing vdi ASEAN phIn dIu din nam 2015 trd Cgng ddng hda binh, on dinh, phat triln va lliinh vugng^ 2.5 Sinh thdi - nhan vdn Sinh thai nhan van la nganh khoa bgc hien dai, dugc hinh tren nen lang kiln thirc dugc tich luy va phat triln vl cac khai niem sinh thai bgc, gdm cac he sinh thai vi md va vT md tren Trai DII kit hgp vdi cac ITnh vuc nghien ciru rhan van Mgt so nha khoa bgc da ggi sinh thai nhan van la nganh khoa bgc nghien ciru su "sdng cdn" cua su sdng tren Trai D i l l Sy tac ddng qua lai giira cac quan the Dang Van Phan va NNK, , Sdd Vu Nhu Van "Chien luac Biln Dong: Mot each nhin tir triet ly phat Uien ben \mg" Hdi ' nghi Thdng tin vd dinh vi vi su phdi triin kinh li hiin Viet Nam (REV/COM VINA 2(07), NxbKH&kT,HaNoi,2007 Nguyen Hoang Tri, Sinh thdi nhdn van (Con ngudi vd Mdi Inixmg), Nxb Giao due Ha Nci, 20( 222 TAI DINH DANG DIA LY KINH T^ - XA HOI V I ^ T NAM ngucTi va cac qua trinh tu nhien qua khir va bien lai la bai hgc quy gia giup ngudi nhan hudng di moi quan he hai hda, than thien vdi thien nhien Bieu hien sinh ddng la cac md hinh phat trien kinh te va bao ve mdi trudng nhu nong - lam nghiep - ngu nghiep ket hgp, VAC (vudm - ao - chudng), VACR (vuan ao - chudng - rirng) theo cac viing sinh thai khac nhau, sy bien ddng cua cac khu du IrQ- sinh quyen, cac vimg nhay cam tren bien de kiem chung su dien bien mdi trudng trudc tac dgng kinh le cua ngudi, cua sy bien ddi hau, nude bien dang Ihl ky XXL Cac nha nghien ciru thudc IPCC dudng nhu nhat tri cho rang 90% nguyen nhan bien ddi hau la ngudi; ngudi phai chiu trach nhiem khac phyc bang su nd lire lirng vien va cdng ddng 10% nguyen nhan cdn lai mdi la bat dinh, khd ludng, ddi hdi phai cd chien luge tranh ne, giam thieu va thich irng', ^ day, each tiep can he thdng cd vai tro quan trgng nghien ciru cac van de dia ly nhan van bang viec ap dung rgng rai cac ket qua lien nganh mang linh tdng hgp, ma san pham nghien ciru thiel thuc nhat la md hinh hda dy bao su van ddng cua cac yeu td sinh thai mdi trudng dia ly nhan van vdi muc dich cudi ciing la dia - sinh thai nhan van phai la cdng cy quan trgng, h&u hieu cho viec tim kiem cac giai phap sinh thai vi myc dich tang trudng xanh va phat trien ben virng^ Hudng toi dia ly nhan van - Nguyen tdc hanh ddng hu&ng tai tdi dinh dgng/tdi edu triic khdng gian dia ly nhdn vdn Nguyen lac chi dao hanh dgng cho sy lua chgn thdng minh, tiep can sang tao thuc lien Id chirc khdng gian dia ly nhan van la: (1) Dam bao sy loan ven dat nude, tao lap su gan ket cac yeu td tu nhien, ngudi, mdi trudng va cac the che mgt khdng gian thdng nhIt; (2) Dam bao gan ket ca chieu theo chudi cac gia In: Kbdng gian lanh tho qudc gia/Ngudn luc nglrdi/Tai nguyen mdi Irudng Khdng gian chilu dd dugc bilu hien bang su ket hop Igi the cung nhu vi the cua cac bd phan hgp dat nude: mien nui, ddng bdng, bien - ddo, viing trai, viing nuac vd thim luc dia; (3) Ngay tir bay gid, hien cdn chua mudn, phai linh tdi cac giai phap chii ddng irng phd vdi nguy co lac ddng cua bien ddi hau, nude bien dang; (4) Muc dich hanh ddng ciia dia ly nhan van la phat trien xanh va ben virng cho dit nude; (5) Do linh phirc tap va rgng Idn cua van de, ngi dung dia ly nhan van Dang Van Phan va NNK Sdd Ngu)'en Hoang Tri Sinh thai nhdn vein (Con nginri vd Mdi truong), Nxb Giao due, Ha Noi 2001 Vu Nlur Van Sdd 223 VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HQI THAO QU6C TE LAN THIJ TU' Vi?t Nam gdm cac vln de vl khdng gian, ngudi va van hda vdi each tiep can cd linh nguyen tic la tdng hgp - lien nganh, hay ndi khac di la each tiep can dgng va md cac nguyen tic neu tren dugc van dyng dk kiln giai mgt sd van de quan trgng sau day: - Cap nhdt hda/nhdn vdn hda dia ly kinh te - xd hoi Viet Nam La mgt ba bd phan hgp dia ly Viet Nam (Ca sd dia ly Viet Nam/ Dia ly ly nhien Viet Nam, Dia ly kinh tl - xa hdi Vigl Nam), Dia ly kinh le - xa hgi Viet Nam hien dugc nghien cihi va giang day nha trudng phd thdng va dai hgc Ma nganh dia ly Viet Nam (gom Dia ly kinh te - xa hgi Viet Nam, Dia ly du Hch Viet Nam) cd vai trd quan trgng to chue lanh thd kinh te - xa hdi cung nhu giao dye nhan sinh quan/lhe gidi quan cho the h^ Ire Tir each tilp can Vi?t Narh hgc, Dia ly kinh tl - xa hdi Vigl Nam cd Ihl dugc nhdn vdn hda blng viec tich hgp cac ndi dung vl chiln luge phat triln ngudi (HDI), nhimg danh gia mdi vl ngudi Vifl Nam thdng qua/dya vao cac kit qua Tdng dilu tra dan so va nha d, Tong dilu tra va ndng nghiep, ndng thdn, va cac dieu tra xa hgi hgc Rit quan trgng la phai tich hgp cac gia tri dia van hda, cac vimg van hda nhlm lam phong phii han cac gia tri dia ly nhan van danh gia ve mdi trudng dia ly tu nhien, ngudn lye ngudi, cac vimg lanh thd kinh tl nganh va lanh thd, cd tinh tdi tim nhin Viet Nam din nam 2030/2050, bdi canh chung loan clu hda va hgi nh|ip qudc tl ciia thdi dai' Hg qua tit ylu la s\r chuyin dgng tir Dia ly kinh te - xa hgi Vi?t Nam sang Dia ly kinh tl, xa hgi va nhan van Vigl Nam, ndi each khac, dd chinh la su tai dinh dang/tai clu true Dia ly kinh tl - xa hgi - nhan van Vi?l Nam - Xay dimg mai Dia ly nhdn vdn Vi^t Nam Ciing vdi vigc xult ban Tir diin Dia ly nhdn vdn va Tap chi Dia ly nhdn vdn, boat dgng cua Trung tam Dia ly nhan van thugc Trung tam Khoa hgc xa hdi va Nhan van Qudc gia la Vign Khoa hgc xa hgi Vigl Nam, da thu bill sy chu y cua gidi dia ly nude nha vl cac vln dl van hda, xa hdi va mdi trudng sdng cua ngudi Vi?l Naml E^ia ly nhan van dugc dua vao giang d^y tai mgt sd trudng cao ding va dai hgc Nam 2010 dugc ghi nhan/danh dIu blng sy kien dang nhd dd la Hdi thao khoa hgc qudc tl Dia ly Ddng Nam A Id chirc lai Ha Ndi (thang 11/2010) vdi lieu dl Su thay doi khdng gian, nai chdn vd vdn hda chdu A (Understanding the Space, Place and Cultures ofAsia)\ Cung cd Ihl bilu lieu dl la Dia ly nhan van chau A Tuy nhien, xet vl ban chit, dia ly nhan van vdi lu each la mdi khoa hgc day du Dang Van Phan va NNK, , Sdd Nguyen Ngoc Tuin, Tir diin thudt ngu dia ly nhdn vdn, Nxb KHXH, Ha Noi, 2003 Hoi thao Khoa hoc quoc te Dia ly Dong Nam A lan thir X: Su thay ddi khdng gian nai chdn vd van hda chdu A, Nxb DHSP, 2010 224 TAI DINH DANG DIA LY KINH T^ - XA H | V I ^ T NAM thi nhirng gi dat dugc mdi la su tap hgp nhumg hieu biet ve dan cu gdm ddn sd hgc, ddn tdc hgc; cdn khai niem sinh ke dugc hieu la boat ddng kinh te - giai doan hau sink kelphdi sinh tir sinh ke chir chua phai la boat ddng lai san xuat su sdng Iruyen thdng; ndi dung van hoa ung xir vdi mdi trudng - van hda san xuat, van hda tam linh tdn giao van d vi tri thir yeu Viec ket ndi cac su kien neu tren nham luan chimg cho cac he luan/nhan thirc chung lai chinh la su can thiel phai xay dymg mdi Dia ly nhan van Viet Nam vdi gdc nhin da chieu khdng gian, lich sir, cu ddn vd vdn hda Tdm lai Dia ly nhan van Viet Nam hien dang d giai doan khdi phat vdi cac van de dia ly nhan van han la giai doa.n cua mgt khoa hgc chin chan vdi ddi lugng, nhiem vu cu the, xac dinh Dieu rat ly thii la ndi ham cua Dia ly nhan van Vie: Nam chua dugc lam rd, ngudi ta van cdng nhan cd su tdn tai mgt Dia ly nhan van Viet Nam/Trung tam Dia ly nhan van/Tir dien Dia ly nhan van; nhieu ddng nghTa ndi ham nhan van vdi chii nghTa nhan dao, nhan loai hgc' Thiel nghT da din liie Kay dung Dia ly nhan van Viet Nam nhu mgt khoa hgc phai sinh thudc chuyen nganh Dia ly hgc Viet Nam Giai phap can co cho van de cd the tham khao cdch tiep can tdng hgp - lien ngdnh cua Vi^t Nam hgc (Viet Nam bgc dugc bilu rgng ca trorg nude va ngoai nude) mgt tam nhin rgng Idn, ddng thdi tham khao tim ciia Dia ly nhan van the gidi" Vi^c hinh Dia ly nhan van Vi^t Nam can dugc xay dung blng viec to hgp cac gia tri cdt Idi cua Dia ly kinh le - xa hdi Vi^t Nam va Vi^t Nam hgc, tdi ihi&i gdm hgp phIn: KH()NG GIAN/LICH SU/CU'DAN/SINH KE/VAN HOA Md hgp phan can dugc trinh bay bang ngdn ngiir dia ly nhan van nhlm the bi^n sinh ddng mdi tuomg tac lien nganh khdng gian - ngudi - van hda mgt each thdng minh va sang lao Theo dd, ve ly luan, Dia ly nhan van Viet Nam cd tinh tdng hgp Tu nhien - Con ngudi - Xa hdi - Van hda, ve mat thuc lien, dd la Dia ly nhan van hanh ddng vi muc dich phat trien xanh va ben vumg dat nude Ket luan va de xuat Nhung ngi dung co ban ndi tren can dugc van dung nghien cim cung nhu giarg day nha truomg tren ca sd tdn trgng ba nguyen tac: Thir nhdt, phuang pha3 luan nhan thirc dua tren each tiep can tdng hgp - lien nganh/lien viing Viet Nam hoc dd nhan manh cau triic va logich phat trien cua he cac khai niem cdt Idi: khdng gian - Hch sir - cu dan - sinh ke - van hda - sinh thai; Thir hai, nhan van hda Dia ly kinh tc - xa hdi Viet Nam la xu the tat yeu, lam nen tang khoa hgc de lai dinh dang/tiii cau true dia ly kinh te - xa hgi theo hudng dia ly kinh te - xa hdi - van hda Nguyen Ngoc Tuan Tir dien thudt ngu dia ly nhdn vdn Nxb KHXH, Ha Noi, 2003 Varf I Ikimey EncyclofX'dia of Human Geography Florida State University, 1956 - GP4 2006 225 VlfcT NAM HQC - KY YEU H Q I THAO QU6C Tt LAN THlTTlT sinh thai; Thir ba, xay dung mdi Dia ly nhan van Viet Nam nhu la mgt phan he ciia Dia ly hgc theo tinh thin mgt khoa hgc hanh ddng, gdp phan xiing dang su nghiep cdng nghigp hda, hien dai hda dat nude Tren dudng hdi nhap va phat trien bin vijmg, nhiem vy tai dinh dang/tai ca clu Dia ly kinh le - xa hgi Viet Nam va xay dung mdi Dia ly nhan van Vigl Nam la nhigm vy khdng it khd khan nhumg hua h?n nhilu dilu ky digu ve ly luan cung nhu thuc tiln' Tai lifu tham khao Dao Duy Anh, Ddt nude Viet Nam qua cdc ddi, Nxb Thuan Hda, 1996 Bao cao Phat triln thi gidi 2009 (WB) Tdi dinh dgng dia - kinh ti (Reshaping economic geography), Nxb Van hda -Thdng tin Ha Ngi Hgi thao Khoa hgc quoc tl Dia ly Ddng Nam A lan thu X: Su thay ddi khdng gian, nai chon vd vdn hda chdu A, Nxb DHSP, 2010 Hgi thao qudc tl Vi?t Nam hgc lln ba, Vi^t Nam: Hgi nhgp vd phdt trien, Nxb DHQG Ha Ngi, 2008 Vu Tu Lap va NNK, Vdn hda vd cu ddn ddng bdng song Hdng, Nxb KHXH, Ha Ngi, 1991 Dang Van Phan va NNK, "Dia ly kinh te - xS hgi Vi?t Nam: Dien giai va hanh dgng hudng tdi dia ly hgc thdng minh, sang tao", Hgi thao khoa hgc Cdc vdn di nghien ciru vd gidng day dia ly, DHQG TP.HCM, 2012 Nguyen Hoang Tri, Sinh thdi nhdn vdn (Con ngudi vd Mdi trucmg), Nxb Giao dye, Ha Ngi, 2001 Nguyen Nggc TuIn, Tir diin thudt ngir dfa ly nhdn vdn, Nxb KHXH, Ha Ngi, 2003 VU Nhu Van, "Chiln luge Biln Ddng: Mgt each nhin tir trilt ly phat trien ben vimg", Hgi nghi Thdng tin vd dinh vi vi suphdt triin kinh ti biin Viet Nam (REV/COMVINA 2007), Nxb KH&KT, Ha Ngi, 2007 10 Ngo Doan Vinh, Phdt triin - Diiu ky di^u vd bidn, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Ngi, 2010 11 Warf, I Barney, Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Florida State University, 1956 GP4 2006 12 WEBSITE: http://vAvw.google.com IChiin luge phdt trien ben viing ciia Viet Nam Ngo Doan Vinh, Phdt trien - Diiu ky dieu vd bi dn, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, 2010 226 ... dia ly kinh te - xd hoi Viet Nam La mgt ba bd phan hgp dia ly Viet Nam (Ca sd dia ly Viet Nam/ Dia ly ly nhien Viet Nam, Dia ly kinh tl - xa hdi Vigl Nam) , Dia ly kinh le - xa hgi Viet Nam hien... TAI Dlf^H DANG DIA LY KINH T^ - XA HOI V I E T NAM - Theo Du bao ciia Lien hop quoc, Vict Nam dang d thdi ky "ddn sd vdng", keodai khoang 27 nam (tir nam 2008 va ket thuc vao nam 2035) Viec nIm... phd thdng va dai hgc Ma nganh dia ly Viet Nam (gom Dia ly kinh te - xa hgi Viet Nam, Dia ly du Hch Viet Nam) cd vai trd quan trgng to chue lanh thd kinh te - xa hdi cung nhu giao dye nhan sinh