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Unit 2: Different economic systems A man with a good education can usually earn a lot of money People can satisfy their needs only if they earn money The citizens can choose what they want to People can use their time and money as they wish Exercise In those days he could earn a lot of money, but not now In those days they could work very rapidly in that factory, but not now In those days the breeders could sell a lot of houses, but not now In those days the miners could provide coal at an economic price, but not now In those days a man with a good education could usually earn a lot of money, but not now In those days people could satisfy their needs only if they earn money, but not now In those days the citizens could choose what they want to but, not now In those days people could use their time and money as they wish, but not now Exercise He is a car-owner He is a land-owner They are horse-breeders They are factory-owners They are coal-miners They are fruit-growers He is a shoe-maker He is a meat-packer Exercise uneconomic unsuitable uneconomical 10 unequal unsatisfactory 11 unproductive unsystematic 12 unnconditional unnecessary 13 unimportant unscientific 14 unusual unenjoyable 15 undesirable 59 Unit 2: Different economic systems unavailable Exercise People not like working in unsatisfactory conditions The employers decided to close that factory because it was unproductive Complete economic freedom is an undesirable situation Compared with our need for food, clothes and shelter, some of our wants are quite unimportant We say that goods are sold at uneconomic prices, when the price is less than the cost of producing them The goods which he wanted were unavailable at the price which he was willing to pay Exercise teacher technician worker 10 miner labour 11 farmer statistician 12 chemist mathematician 13 ecologist driver 14 scientist electrician 15 agronomist musician Exercise carefully systematically rapidly probably clearly considerably completely regularly scientifically usually rapidly carefully systematically completely scientifically clearly 60 Unit 2: Different economic systems probably considerably regularly 10 usually 61 Unit 3: Mixed economies UNIT 3: MIXED ECONOMIES I INTRODUCTION Bài bố cục theo trình tự trước Trong số bạn học kinh tế hỗn hợp nước có kinh tế hỗn hợp nước II UNIT OBJECTIVES Bài học bao gồm mục đích sau: - Từ vựng liên quan đến kinh tế hỗn hợp - Cách tạo từ cách thêm hậu tố - Cách sử dụng cấu trúc Used to - Ôn lại cách sử dụng câu gián tiếp (Reported speech) - Ôn tiếp cấu trúc so sánh III CONTENTS TEXT 3.1 No state today is completely communistic; no state is completely capitalistic The various national economic systems tend towards communism or capitalism, and many are difficult to classify exactly It has been found necessary in many countries to control or regulate national economic conditions Even the most dedicated free enterprise systems, such as the USA, have felt this need The under-developed countries of the world are usually interested in control and long-term planning Such countries as India have had a number of plans guided by the government India makes a distinction between the public sector of the economy on the one hand and the private sector on the other hand Such systems, with public and private sectors, are neither communistic nor capitalistic, but are sometimes called mixed economies Britain today has a mixed economy 62 Unit 3: Mixed economies In the public sector of British economic life are the nationalized industries like coal and steel, British Rail and BOAC In the private sector are the majority of the nation’s industries, both large and small The private sector includes giant companies like ICI and BP and a great number of small family businesses In 1962 the British government set up an official body to plan national economic policies This body is called the National Economic Development Council The members of this council are representatives of the employers, employees and other interested people Exercise Answer these questions You may answer either YES or NO Give your reasons Quote from the text in support of your answer Are there any completely communistic states? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Are there any completely capitalistic states? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Do the various national economies tend towards one or other ideology? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Are the various economic systems difficult to classify? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Have most countries found economic control necessary? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Has the USA felt the same need? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Are the under-developed countries interested in control and planning? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Has the India had a number of national economic plans? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Is the Indian economy based entirely on private enterprise? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Does the Indian economy have two distinct sectors? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Is the Indian system a mixed economy? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 63 Unit 3: Mixed economies 12 Is BOAC a nationalized British industry? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Is the ICI a nationalized British Industry? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 Was the NEDC set up by British government? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 Are both employers and employees represented on NEDC? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise Answer these questions, basing your answer on the text Why is it difficult to classify many national economic systems? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… What are the under-developed countries interested in? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… What are the Indian systems sometimes called? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… In which sector are the majority of British industries? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… What did the British government set up in 1962? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise Change these sentences by changing certain adjectives into verbs The new verbs are listed, but not in the proper order Note that all these verbs are concerned with making something happen Example: They made the economy regular They regulated the economy Complicate; consolidate; liquidate; simplify; nationalize; internationalize; activate; reactivate They made the subject complex ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They made the subject simple ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 64 Unit 3: Mixed economies They made the businesses “solid” (by bringing them together) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They made the business “liquid” (by breaking it up or dissolving it) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They made the economy active ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They made the economy active again (or for a second time) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They made the industry national (or public) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They made the business international ……………………………………………………………………………………………… LANGUAGE PRACTICE 2.1 Suffixes -ify and -cation Study the table It shows how words can be formed by adding the suffixes -ify and –cation (with suitable changes in spelling) Example: simple simplify _ simplification Use the table and the example to help you fill in the blank in the sentences Simple ify Note Pure Class ification Clear (= clar-) NOTE: remember to remove the “e” in simple, note and pure a This plan is not simple enough We must therefore _ it The of plan is essential 65