English-grade11-U9-U12-2008- page UNIT 10 NATURE IN DANGER GLOSSARY ban [bæn] ( to ban sb from sth / doing sth.) cấm làm điều gì blame [bleim] ( to blame sb for sth.; to blame sth on sb.) khiển trách, đổ lỗi cheetah ['t∫i:tə] loài báo gêpa co-exist ['kouig'zist] ( to coexist with sb.) cùng tồn tại  coexistence (n) consequence ['kɔnsikwəns] hậu quả, kết quả  to take the consequence of something: chịu hậu quả của việc gì  in consequence of something: kết quả của điều gì  it's of no consequence: cái đó không có gì quan trọng; cái đó chả thành vấn đề  by way of consequences; in consequences: vì thế, vậy thì, vậy thì cultivation [,kʌlti'vei∫n] sự cày cấy, sự trồng trọt devastating ['devəsteitiη] tàn phá, phá huỷ, phá phách] tàn phá, phá huỷ, phá phách dinosaur ['dainəsɔ:] khủng long discharge [dis't∫ɑ:dʒ] phun ra, đổ ra, thải 10 discourage [dis'kʌridʒ] làm mất hết can đảm, làm chán nản, làm ngã lòng, làm nản lòng ( sb from doing sth.) can ngăn (ai làm việc gì) 11 endanger [in'deindʒə(r)] gây nguy hiểm 12 extinct [iks'tiη] tàn phá, phá huỷ, phá pháchkt] tuyệt giống, tuyệt chủng  extinction (n) 13 fur [fə:]lông thú 14 interference [,intə'fiərəns]( interference in / with sth.) sự can thiệp; sự xen vào; sự xía vào 15 maintenance ['meintinəns] sự giữ gìn; sự trì  maintain (v) 16 midway ['mid'wei] (midway between sth and sth.) ở giữa; ở nửa đường 17 panda ['pændə] gấu trúc (như) giant panda 18 pesticide ['pestisaid] thuốc diệt loài gây hại, thuốc trừ sâu 19 rare [reə] hiếm; hiếm thấy; hiếm có; ít có  rarity (n) 20 recreation [,rekri'ei∫n] sự nghỉ ngơi, sự giải trí, sự tiêu khiển 21 respect [ri'spekt] khía cạnh, phương diện 22 survival [sə'vaivl] sự sống sót; sự tồn tại; người còn lại; vật sót lại; tàn dư, tàn tích  survive (v) 23 wild [waild] dại, hoang dã  in the wild : môi trường tự nhiên The human race is only one small species of beings in the living world Many other species exist on this planet However, human beings have a great influence on the rest of the world They are changing the environment by building cities and villages where forests once stood They are affecting the water supply by using water for industry and agriculture They are changing weather conditions by cutting down trees in the forests And they are destroying the air by adding pollutants to it It can be said that human beings are changing the environment in all respects through their actions and by their habits This has resulted in two serious consequences The first is that many kinds of rare animals are killed The second is that the environment where these animals are living is badly destroyed As a result, the number of rare animals is decreasing so rapidly that they are in danger of becoming extinct In order to make sure that these rare animals not disappear, efforts have been made to protect endangered nature Scientists have made lists of endangered species and suggested ways to save them Many organisations have been set up and funds have been raised Thousands of national parks all over the world have been established to protect endangered animals Laws have been introduced to prohibit the killing of endangered animals and the destruction of the environments where these rare animals are living English-grade11-U9-U12-2008- page If people's interference with the environment decreases, more species will survive and produce offspring The Earth will be a happy planet where human beings, animals and plants peacefully coexist Task The words in the box all appear in the passage Fill each blank with a suitable word pollutants, interferences, protect, endangered, decrease, extinct Dinosaurs became _millions of years ago She tried to _ herself from the wind It is time governments of the developing countries should something to the population growth The chemical from cars and factories make the air, water and soil dangerously dirty 5 The blue whale is a(n) _ species With the _ of human beings, many animals have become extinct Task Circle A, B, C or D that best states the main idea of each paragraph Paragraph A Human beings need to grow food B Human beings pollute the environment C Human beings interfere with nature D People should stop living in cities and villages Paragraph A B C D Many animals are disappearing Human beings are responsible for the changes in the environment People are in danger of becoming extinct Endangered species include human race Paragraph A B C D Human beings have made efforts to protect endangered nature Scientists have made a long list of endangered species People should be kept away from animals and plants Rare animals not disappear Paragraph A B C D The survival of endangered species The Earth - a happy planet Conditions for a peaceful co-existence People's interference with the environment Task Answer the questions What are the four ways by which human beings are changing the world? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… What are the serious consequences of people’s interference with the environment? English-grade11-U9-U12-2008- page …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… What has been done to protect the environment? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… GRAMMAR FOCUS RELATIVE CLAUSES Exercise Choose the suitable italicised words to complete the following sentences To who/whom it may concern It was a service for which/that I will be grateful The success of a shared holiday depends on who/whom you share it with Do you like the person who/whom sits next to you? Midway through the second half Manchester United scored their third goal, at that/which point Leeds United gave up completely There is one person to whom/who I owe more than I can say It was the kind of accident for which/that nobody was really to blame Exercise Combine the following sentences, using preposition + whom or which Examples: She is the woman I told you about her - She is the woman about whom I told you The song was interesting We listened to it last night - The song to which we listened last night was interesting The man was very kind I talked to him yesterday ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The man works in the hospital I told you about him ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The woman teaches me English I am telling you about her ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The movie is fantastic They are talking about it ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The picture was beautiful She was looking at it ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I'll give you the address You should write to it ……………………………………………………………………………………………… English-grade11-U9-U12-2008- page Exercise Complete the following sentences, using who, whom, which or that It was a kind of computer with _ I was not familiar Do you get on with the person lives next-door? I must thank the man from I got the present The meeting to _ I went was interesting The person _ did it was never caught That's the girl to _ Jim used to be married MORE EXERCISES I Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in the box endanger , scatter, coexist, pollute, capture, devastate, discharge, prohibit, survive, protect Many birds didn't the severe winter Animals shouldn't be for recreation and entertainment The health of our children are being by exhaust fumes The factory was fined for chemicals into the river The explosion a flock of birds roosting in the trees Laws have been introduced to killing endangered animals The air in the city is heavily with traffic fumes The government should more to the environment It is possible for local wildlife to with industry 10 Western India was by a huge earthquake II Combine the following pairs or groups of sentences by means of relative pronouns, making any changes necessary Her many friends gave her encouragement I like to be considered among them Her many friends ………………………………………………………………… Her father died last year She looked after him for over twenty years Her father ……………………………………………………… The bed has no mattress I sleep on this bed The bed ……………………………………………………… There wasn't any directory in the telephone box I was phoning from this box There wasn't ……………………………………………………… I was sitting on a chair It suddenly collapsed The chair ……………………………………………………… Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me I had come specially to see him Mr Smith ……………………………………………………… I saw several houses Most of them were quite unsuitable I ……………………………………………………… Graham took us to his office It was filled with books The office ……………………………………………………… Mr Marks is unhappy about the plans for the new dam The stream flows across his farm Mr Marks ……………………………………………………… 10 They picked up five boat-loads of refugees Some of them had been at sea for several months They ……………………………………………………… 11 Tom came to the party in patched jeans This surprised the other guests Most of the other guests were wearing evening dress Tom ……………………………………………………… English-grade11-U9-U12-2008- page 12 The people didn't know French He was speaking to these people The people ……………………………………………………… 13 Mr Jones was very generous about overtime payments I was working for him Mr Jones ……………………………………………………… 14 The Roman coins are now on display in the National Museum A local farmer came across them in a field The Roman coins ……………………………………………………… 15 Professor Johnson is to visit the University next week I have long looked up to him Professor Johnson …………………………………… III Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate preposition A number of rare animals are now in danger _ extinction If people's interference _ the environment decreases, more species will survive and produce off-spring The government should more to protect rare animals _ being extinct She believes there is life _ other planets The EU has imposed a ban _ the import of seal skins People are destroying the air by adding pollutants _ it Human beings are responsible _ the changes in the environment They are changing weather conditions by cutting _ trees in the forests National parks should be set _ to save animals and plants 10 Raw sewage was discharged _ the treatment plant directly _ the river TEST 10 A PHONOLOGY Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from those of the rest A clerk B service C press D herd A postal B mouse C disk D controls A curtain B judgment C junction D construct Choose the word which has a different stress pattern A malformation B commemorate A fireplace B chimney a endanger b disappear a extinct b human a respect b effort a condition b pollutant 10 a action b habit C environment C approach c prohibit c species c exist c however c danger D community D dragon d destruction d planet d supply d influence d survive B READING COMPREHENSION I Read the text and the task that follows YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK Yosemite National Park became America's first state park in 1864 Compared to other protected areas, Yosemite Valley is quite small, about seven miles long and a mile wide, small enough anyway for John Muir, the conservationist and founder of Sierra Club, to explore the entire area on foot But within its narrow confines are some of the most impressive cliffs, valleys, meadows, waterfalls, and flora and fauna The park ranges from 2,000 feet above sea level to more than 13,000 feet Among its most famous peaks are EI Capitan, the largest piece of exposed granite in the world, and Half Dome Some English-grade11-U9-U12-2008- page of the most spectacular waterfalls, such as the Bridal Veil Falls, are only a short hike from the Yosemite Valley floor The view of the Valley floor from the top of 3,200 foot Glacier Point, 32 miles away by road, is considered by many to be the most impressive of all When you are not feeling "stoned" by the sheer cliffs that circle the valley, be aware of the black bears that no longer appear to fear humans and have known to brazenly walk into campsites and raid food Coyotes and other denizens of the forests are more cunning and less visible There are 196 miles of paved roads within the park and 840 miles of trails Since it also has miles of paved bike path, rent a bike and explore the relatively flat valley floor To prevent congestion and overcrowding, there have been proposals to ban automobiles in Yosemite, especially during the very busy and crowded holiday weekends such as Memorial Day, Fourth of July, and Labor Day But don't let a trifle like that stop you from visiting one of the most fabulous natural wonders of the world Choose the most suitable answers The area of Yosemite National Park is _ A square miles B square miles C 2,000 square feet D 13,000 square feet In Yosemite National Park, there are all of the following EXCEPT A valleys B the sea C animals D trees and flowers The EI Capitan is _ A a mountain summit B a valley C a waterfall D a cliff In Yosemite National Park, coyotes and other denizens of the forest A are shy from human B are easy to catch C are harder to be seen than bears D attack campsites for food 5. On holiday A cars B bikes C vans D buses II Fill in the blanks with the correct answers HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AND LOSS The greatest threat to the giant panda population is that the area in (1) they live is becoming smaller and more fragmented This is (2) _human activities such as logging, expansion of farming into forest areas, mining, road-building Poaching In the 1980s and 1990s, there (3) a number of cases of panda poaching, but this has declined due to strict laws and greater public (4) of the panda protected status People hunting for other animals in the panda habitat also pose a threat, (5) .The traps they (6)musk deer or bear may accidentally kill giant pandas Habitat degradation In the remote areas where pandas live, local people depend (7) the forest for fuel wood and timber for building homes They also collect (8) plants and animals to sell for use as ingredients in traditional medicines or (9) food When there were few people and lots of forests, none of these practices would be a threat to the pandas, but nowadays they (10) _severe damage to the remaining forests English-grade11-U9-U12-2008- page 7 10 A which A thanks for A has been A awares A however A look up A in A width A as A cure B where B due B have been B awareness B whatever B look for B on B wildness B like B cause C that C because of C was C aware C wherever C set up C with C wild C near C cut D which place D because D were D taking aware of D whenever D set for D at D wide D with D cancel C USE OF ENGLISH I Vocabulary Choose the best answers 1. I'm to hear that you have failed the final exam A responsible B sorry C thankful D anxious 2. In spite of her disappointment, she a weak smile A got B obtained C achieved D managed In my _, we should improve the quality of our products instead of increasing the quantity A belief B meaning C opinion D expression 4. To their abilities, the managers decided to give them more tasks A inspect B test C check D study She saw the man _ something in the woman's ear A whispering B whistling C shouting D saying Many organizations have been set up and funds have been raised a established b collapsed c delayed d decreased The number of rare animals is decreasing rapidly a dangerously b quickly c mostly d gradually A species of animal or plant that is _ no longer has any living members, either in the world or in a particular place a extinct b rare c survival d productive Those who concern are very worried about the _ of many species a disappearance b establishment c supply d provision 10 Because of people's with the environment, many kinds of plants and animals are becoming rare a supply b survival c influence d interference 11 Tropical forests have supplied us with many sorts of plants for food, medicine, and industry a affected b influenced c changed d provided 12 England was one of the first countries to _ a industry b industrial c industrialize d industrialization 13 Their _ is rejected due to some problems of pollution a suggest b suggestion c suggestive d suggestible 14 We all regard pollution as a _ matter to human beings a serious b seriously c seriousness d seriousful English-grade11-U9-U12-2008- page 15 Laws have been introduced to prohibit the killing of endangered animals a advise b decrease c ban d encourage 16 Hunting for meat and burning forests for soils _ wildlife a protect b conserve c destroy d survive 17 National Parks are established to create the environment for rare animals to survive and _ offspring a produce b supply c increase d offer 18 The World Wild Funds is working to protect and save the forests that are in _ a danger b interest c encouragement d consequence 19 Scientists think it unlikely that the species will actually become extinct as a of the oil spill a respect b consequence c protection d production 20 Human beings can’t exist without water and air a result b live c kill d change II Prepositions and Phrasal verbs Choose the best answers The experts decided to keep doing the research A up B out C on D for The citizens have tried their best to keep the river _being polluted A out of B off C from D for It's amazing that they put _ their wedding until November A to B off C down D back It is reported that many people have died heart attack A in B with C on D of Next year his family will leave China _ Australia A for B to C towards D from Human beings are adding more and more pollutants the environment a from b for c on d to You should make sure what you have just told us a in b on c over d of Forest destruction results _ floods and air pollution a from b about c in d into Human beings are changing the environment all respects a at b for c in d upon 10 Air pollution interferes our body's ability to process oxygen a with b on c to d over 11 We should something immediately to save many kinds of rare animals extinction a away b from c in d with III Structures Choose the best answers Thursday is the day _my parents come A when B whom C which D who She seems very hard since being promoted A working B to work C to have worked D having worked 3. being very tired, I completed all of my assignments A Despite B Although C Though D In spite English-grade11-U9-U12-2008- page His face looks very pale I suppose that he ill A can be B should be C must be D has to be 5. _I haven't seen him for that I've forgotten what he looks like A so long B such long C as long time D a long time When she home, she found that someone into her house and stolen all of her jewelries A has got; broke B got; had broken C had got; had broken D got; broke He is going to get his eyes _ A to be tested B being tested C testing D tested My uncle, _health hasn't been good recently, has gone into hospital for some tests A that B of whom C whose D who If I you, I her the truth A am; will tell B were; would tell C had been; would have told D was; would tell 10 Not once us to their house A have Jim and Anna invited B Jim and Anna have invited C did Jim and Anna invite D Jim and Anna invited 11 It is automobile industry _ contributes the most greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere a where b in which c that d whom 12 _ many species of animals have become extinct a There are many reasons for which b Many reasons for which c The reasons for that d For which reasons 13 We should something to save those animals hunted for their fur or for other valuable parts of their bodies a those are b which are c which is d that is 14 Farmers use more and more _ them to grow better crops but harm the environment a powerful chemicals who help b which powerful chemicals help c powerful chemicals which help d powerful chemicals help 15 Water is one of the most precious resources for our life a we depend on which b which we depend c on which we depend d on that we depend 16 _ are very dense, warm, and wet, are havens for millions of plants and animals a Rain forests b Rain forests, that c Rain forest, where d Rain forests, which 17 The farmers and their cattle had been trapped in the storm were fortunately rescued a who b whom c which d that 18 Nowadays, city dwellers, enjoy a lot from the modern material life, have to suffer from pollution the most a who b whom c that d which 19 Do you know that environmentalist ? a with whom I used to work b with that I used to work c with I used to work d with who I used to work 20 Rain forests influence the Greenhouse effect, traps heat inside the Earth's atmosphere a that b which c where d whose 21 The local authority banned us from going near the forest there is a serious fire a for which b in that c that d where 22 _ once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, were estimated to become extinct by the year 2025 English-grade11-U9-U12-2008- page 10 a Bengal tigers b Bengal tigers, which c Bengal tigers, that d Bengal tigers which 23 I personally think that it is easy to understand time is relative a the reason b the reason for that c for which reason d the reason why 24 _ concerns about wildlife never keeps a wild animal as pest a Anyone that b Anyone which c Anyone for whom d Anyone those 25 Did you listen to the lecture on the environment by Dr Pike, a whom I have ever told you about b about that I have ever told you c I have ever told you d that I have ever told you 26 _ want to use rain forests are cutting them down without any hesitation a People who b People which c People whom d Who 27 The man showed us the cage _ he kept a fierce lion a which b that c in which d in that 28 Those villagers near the forest chop down hardwoods to sell for high prices a live b who live c whom live d for whom to live 29 We have just had an exploration through that forest _ a which some pandas survive b where there are some pandas surviving c in which there are some pandas survive d that some pandas survive 30 By cutting down the trees, people destroy the ecosystem of the rain forest a on which they depend b where they depend on c which they depend d where they depend 31 comes from thousands of factories has caused enormous increases in air pollution levels a Smoke b Smoke for which c Smoke that d Smoke whose 32 The areas are destroyed suffer a lot from soil erosion a which trees b whose trees c that trees d trees which 33 I will never forget the time I first visit Cat Tien National Park a when b why c where d on that 34 Those scientists are doing research on the period the Earth formed a where b on that c when d why D WORD FORM They their engagement to their family (announcement) David Copperfield is a great (magic) It is _that you should think he'll come in time (nature) You can't pass an examination without (prepare) He's a regular _ at evening classes (attend) Garbage is considered to be some kind of _ (pollute) Because of forest _ some rare animals cannot survive (destroy) The people in our village are leading a life (peace) E SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION He is rich, but he never helps the poor  Rich as ………………………………………………… The judges were strongly impressed by her answers  Her answers made …………………………………… You should have made allowance for her thoughtlessness (Use “tolerate”)  If only ……………………………………………… I am fed up with your cat's messing around English-grade11-U9-U12-2008- page 11  I am bored ……………………………………………… Kathy's success took us all by surprise  Kathy was …………………………………………………… F Identify one underlined word or phrase that is incorrect: 1.There’s nothing like to walk as a means of keeping fit A B C D Your doctor advised to go to bed early, so I can’t understand your wanting to stay up late A B C D We considered giving her with a dress for her birthday, but couldn’t help buying her some flowers A B C D There’s nothing to be done about it now except say the police the truth A B C D I remember hearing him say the grass needed to cut A B C D Would you like keeping quiet for a moment ? I’m trying to fill in a form A B C D They don’t allow smoking in the auditorium; they don’t want to risk setting it with fire A B C D Would you mind me to turn down the radio a bit ? A B C D We couldn’t help laughing when he was making fun of ourselves A B C D 10 One of books I lent you is very interesting A B C D ... to get his eyes _ A to be tested B being tested C testing D tested My uncle, _health hasn''t been good recently, has gone into hospital for some tests A that B of whom C whose D who... vans D buses II Fill in the blanks with the correct answers HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AND LOSS The greatest threat to the giant panda population is that the area in (1) they live is becoming smaller... traditional medicines or (9) food When there were few people and lots of forests, none of these practices would be a threat to the pandas, but nowadays they (10) _severe damage to the remaining