Health Care Reform, What’s in It? Small Business Small businesses dominate the rural economy. In fact, small businesses dominate the American economy in terms of the number of business firms. For that reason it is important to know, understand and accurately portray the effects of the “Patient and Affordable Care Act” (Public Law 111-148), the newly adopted health care reform law, on small businesses. This report will examine some important provisions of the new law and how they affect small businesses while dispelling some of the common myths about health care reform and small businesses. It is important to understand what the new law means by “small business.” In many respects, “small employer” is a more accurate term. In fact, Section 1421 (Credit for Employee Health Insurance Expenses of Small Businesses) uses that term. Self employed sole proprietors who are not employers (non-employers in statistical parlance) and their immediate family members do not qualify for the small business tax credit benefits described below. They will qualify for the individual credits and premium assistance beginning in 2014 and the more immediate health insurance reforms. MYTH No. 1: Small businesses have to provide health insurance to their employees or face penalties. Not true. There is a general employer mandate in The Patient and Affordable Care Act as a part of the “shared responsibility” for providing health insurance. But the law specifically exempts from this employer responsibility any business with 50 or fewer employees (Section 1513). The result is that nearly all businesses in the nation, including those in rural areas, are exempt from any requirements or mandates to provide health insurance to employees and are free from any penalties for not doing so. According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns, 95 percent of all business establishments in the nation have fewer than 50 employees. 1 The House of Representatives Small Business Committee further estimates that when considering this exemption and the number of businesses that already provide health insurance to employees the employer mandate will apply to less than two percent of businesses. MYTH No. 2: Small businesses cannot afford the health insurance they are required to provide. In many respects the health insurance reform law is all gain and no pain for small businesses, particularly initially. As discussed above, Section 1513 of the law exempts all businesses with 50 or fewer employees from providing health insurance for their employees and frees them from any penalty for not doing so. Section 1421 of the law establishes a Small Business Tax Credit for those businesses who do provide health insurance for their employees in order to make health insurance more affordable and to provide an incentive for employer-provided insurance in small businesses. The initial credit exists for tax years 2010 through 2013. It is a sliding scale credit for businesses with fewer than 25 full-time equivalent employees and average wages of less than $50,000 who provide health insurance for their employees. A second credit exists for any two years beginning in 2014 when the health insurance Exchanges begin. The chart on the following page outlines the basics of both tax credits. Eligibility • Fewer than 25 full-time equivalent employees • Average annual wages less than $50,000 • Purchase health insurance for employees • Must contribute at least 50% of the cost of premium Jon M. Bailey Center for Rural Affairs Center for Rural Affairs · 145 Main Street · PO Box 136 · Lyons NE 68038 · Ph: 402-687-2100 · www.cfra.org No. 10 • May 2010 2 Health Care Reform, What’s in It? ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume II-5, 2014 ISPRS Technical Commission V Symposium, 23 – 25 June 2014, Riva del Garda, Italy TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE MODEL BRIDGING TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS IN CULTURAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION F Boochsa, *, A Trémeaub, O Murphyc, M Gerked, J L Lermae, A Karmacharyaa, M Karaszewskif a e Institut i3mainz, University of Applied Sciences, Mainz, Germany (boochs, ashish)@fh-mainz.de b Laboratoire Hubert Curien, University Jean Monnet, France, alain.tremeau@univ-st-etienne.fr c Digital Arts and Humanities, University College Cork, Ireland, o.murphy@ucc.ie d ITC Faculty, EOS department, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, m.gerke@utwente.nl Dept Cartographic Eng., Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain, jllerma@cgf.upv.es f Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, m.karaszewski@mchtr.pw.edu.pl Commission V KEY WORDS: Cultural Heritage, Documentation, Optical, Measurement, Knowledge Base ABSTRACT: This paper documents the formulation of an international, interdisciplinary study, on a concerted European level, to prepare an innovative, reliable, independent and global knowledge base facilitating the use of today’s and future optical measuring techniques for the documentation of cultural heritage Cultural heritage professionals, color engineers and scientists share similar goals for the documentation, curation, long-term preservation and representation of cultural heritage artifacts Their focus is on accuracy in the digital capture and remediation of artefacts through a range of temporal, spatial and technical constraints A shared vocabulary to interrogate these shared concerns will transform mutual understanding and facilitate an agreed movement forward in cultural heritage documentation here proposed in the work of the COST Action Color and Space in Cultural Heritage (COSCH) The goal is a model that captures the shared concerns of professionals for a standards-based solution with an organic Linked Data model The knowledge representation proposed here invokes a GUI interface for non-expert users of capture technologies, facilitates, and formulates their engagement with key questions for the field INTRODUCTION The importance of effective protection and preservation of CH is internationally understood in terms of society, history, identity and memory amongst other concerns - within this context it is paramount to scan, document, analyze, understand, model, virtually reconstruct and visualize/publish CH objects, in particular to      accurately record artefacts at both micro and nano-scales – to include material properties such as form, color and texture – for today’s use and future generations; make the resulting e-documentation accessible globally to specialists and the general public; monitor the condition of objects for enhanced preventive conservation; enhance the knowledge base for art-historical analysis and other scholarly activities; support routine applications with specialist knowhow and state-of-the-art equipment While the level of European technical competence in the precise documentation of spatial or spectral characteristics of surfaces is high, there is no common standard concerning threedimensional (3D) shape and color existing for precise documentation of CH objects Despite a general understanding of spatial resolution and accuracy of such documentation, and its potential, within the CH community, there is limited awareness that standards could be improved by direct cooperation within the technical sector It is, therefore, difficult for CH professionals to use these technologies efficiently or even to define requirements This paper proposes a knowledge based solution to bridge the gap between the CH community and computer scientists and engineers by fostering information exchange and providing guidelines for using optical technologies for CH documentation The paper introduces the COSCH Knowledge Representation (COSCHKR) as an optimal framework to overcome those limitations of projects that are usually object-dependent and application-driven, leading to unshared and non-standardized results - providing an interdisciplinary framework for scientists and technicians (developers of measurement systems, software and technologies for a wide range of applications, as well as material scientists, physicists and chemists) and the heritage specialists (art historians, conservators, archaeologists, curators and others) to facilitate the exchange of interests, needs, capabilities, constraints, limits and perspectives MOTIVATION Thinking about our tangible cultural heritage, we see a broad field of studies, applications and object categories As complex as the scope of studies are the instruments for non-contact CH documentation used to provide necessary data essentially contributing to the work of human scientists They may include:  Digital ...[...]... 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 38 38 36 33 33 32 31 31 30 29 28 28 28 25 24 24 23 23 23 19 19 18 17 16 16 15 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 11 10 10 10 10 The Modern Museum 13 operated by the participants of the LabS TECH network, a list which illustrates the large palette of techniques actually used As well, within the LabS TECH network, a questionnaire has been sent to the several participating institutions,... step-bystep scanning device Recent applications involved establishing the geographical origin (Burmese) of inlay rubies of the alabaster Parthe Ishtar statue (~200 BC) held in the custody of the Louvre Museum [99] (Fig 4(A–C)), mapping of inclusions in gemstones [10 0 ,10 1], of pigments in illuminated manuscripts [10 2 10 4], of metal pin Renaissance drawings by A Dürer, Pisanello, and others [10 5 10 7], characterisation... characterisation of ancient metallurgical processes [10 8 ,10 9], study of the glazing technique of Renaissance terracotta statues [11 0 11 2] or lustre ceramics [11 3 11 5], study of the lixiviation process of buried lead glasses [11 6 ,11 7], and so on A quite new development concerns the possibility of making dynamic measurement during physico-chemical processes on solids or aqueous solutions [11 8] 4.3.2.2 RBS (Rutherford... 9 10 11 11 14 14 14 14 14 15 18 19 19 22 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 28 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 The Modern Museum 3 1 INTRODUCTION As Angelo Guarino writes in his introduction to the Italian project dedicated to the Beni Culturali: “It seems worthwhile to begin with an apparently odd question: what is Cultural Heritage? The usual answer is: ‘Every object of historical and. .. founded in 19 97 with the main objective of promoting research and education in the field of cultural heritage, based on the directions and recommendations given in the Professional Guidelines of the European Confederation of Conservator–Restorers Organisation (ECCO) and the Document of Pavia of October 19 97 Currently ENCoRE has 30 full members and four associate members from amongst the leading conservation–... photons of 9.98 keV, an energy adapted for the excitation of XK lines of copper and zinc included in a lead matrix, without interfering with the XL lines of this metal (10 .45 and 10 .55 keV), and thereby analysing copper and zinc 4.3.2.5 ERDA [12 9] ERDA is a technique based on the elastic diffusion of nuclei lighter than the projectile By using an external beam of helium ions, one can determine hydrogen... 5 6 6 Physical Techniques in the Study of Art, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Edited by D Bradley and D Creagh © Council on Library and Information Resources Washington, D.C. Digital Forensics and Born-Digital Content in Cultural Heritage Collections by Matthew G. Kirschenbaum Richard Ovenden Gabriela Redwine with research assistance from Rachel Donahue December 2010 ISBN 978-1-932326-37-6 CLIR Publication No. 149 Published by: Council on Library and Information Resources 1752 N Street, NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 Web site at http://www.clir.org Additional copies are available for $25 each. Orders must be placed through CLIR’s Web site. This publication is also available online at http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub149abst.html. The paper in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials ANSI Z39.48-1984. Copyright 2010 by the Council on Library and Information Resources. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transcribed in any form without permission of the publisher. Requests for reproduction or other uses or questions pertaining to permissions should be submitted in writing to the Director of Communications at the Council on Library and Information Resources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kirschenbaum, Matthew G. Digital forensics and born-digital content in cultural heritage collections / by Matthew G. Kirschenbaum, Richard Ovenden, Gabriela Redwine ; with research assistance from Rachel Donahue. p. cm. (CLIR publication ; no. 149) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-932326-37-6 (alk. paper) 1. Electronic records Management. 2. Archives Administration. 3. Digital preservation. 4. Archives Data processing. 5. Archives Administration Technological innovations. 6. Forensic sciences. 7. Humanities Data processing. I. Ovenden, Richard. II. Redwine, Gabriela. III. Donahue, Rachel. IV. Title. V. Series. CD974.4.K57 2010 070.5’797 dc22 2010048734 8 Cover photo collage: Inside view of a hard drive, by SPBer, licensed under Creative Commons; On The Road Manuscript #3, by Thomas Hawk, licensed under Creative Commons. iii Contents About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Consultants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1. Purpose and Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2. Terminology and Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3. Background and Assumptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4. Prior Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.5. About This Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2. Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1. Legacy Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1.1. File System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.1.2. Operating System and Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.1.3. Hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HO CHI MINH NATIONAL POLITICS ACADEMY TRAN THI HONG MINH Today’s preservation and development of cultural Heritage IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE Major: DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM & HISTORICAL MATERIALISM Code : 62 22 80 05 Summary of phd thesis hanoi - 2014 The thesis is completed at Ho Chi Minh National Politics Academy Scientific supervisor: PROF. DR. NGUYEN HUNG HAU Opponent 1: Opponent 2: Opponent 3: The thesis will be defended in front of the Thesis Qualification Council at Academy level at Ho Chi Minh National Politics Academy. At hour on date month year 2014 The thesis can be found at the National Library and Ho Chi Minh National Politics Academy 1 FOREWORD 1. Necessity of the theme TTH is an attractive national and international cultural and tourist center of which two cultural heritages have been recognized as mankind heritages by UNESCO. This place stores many physical and nonphysical cultural heritages inside containing many values symbolizing the mind and soul of Vietnamese people. Over the past years, with the consideration of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Government of Vietnam, together with the assistance from the international community, especially the enthusiastic participation by local governments, cadres, Party members and people of TTH, the restoration, preservation and promotion of cultural heritages in TTH have gained great changes and achieved many big achievements, overcome the difficult period and stepped into the stable development period in a sustainable manner. However, due to the heavy consequences of wars and destruction by the acts of God, many cultural monuments in TTH are regularly threatened. The efforts in the restoration and protection of cultural heritage have failed to meet the requirements of a complex of large-scaled, diversified and complicated monuments that cannot match the inherent cultural potential of TTH. The subject role of TTH people in preserving and promoting cultural heritage is not confirmed. What should be done to overcome the above situation so that the values of cultural heritage of TTH continue to be promoted effectively, contribute to making TTH a province with firm politics, rich economy and beautiful culture? Therefore, I choose the theme: “The preservation and promotion of cultural heritage in Thua Thien Hue at present” for my doctoral thesis. 2. Objective and task of study of the thesis 2.1. Objective Objective of study of the thesis is to clarify theoretical and practical issues of the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage; analyze, evaluate the actuality of preservation and promotion of cultural heritage in TTH at present; on that basis, propose some solutions to enhance 2 efficiency of preservation and promotion of cultural heritages in this locality at present. 2.2. Task To realize the above objective, the thesis has two tasks: - Clarify theoretical basis of the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage in Vietnam at present. In particular, clarify the concepts related to the thesis such as culture, cultural heritage, preservation and promotion of cultural heritage. - Study experience of some countries in the world on preservation and promotion of cultural heritage. On that basis, withdraw experience lessons for Vietnam in general and TTH province in particular. - Analyze actual condition, some issues arising from the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage in TTH at present. On that basis, the thesis puts forth viewpoints as basis and some recommendations to enhance efficiency of preservation and promotion of cultural heritage in the locality in the coming time. 3. Object and scope of study of the thesis 3.1. Object of study The thesis studies the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage in TTH province from philosophical angle. It mainly studies the actual preservation and promotion of cultural heritage in TTH based on typical characteristics associated with the complex of Hue ancient capital monuments managed by Hue MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DANANG UNIVERSITY NGUYEN THI THONG NHAT RATIONAL EXPLOITATION THE WORLD’S CULTURAL HERITAGE TO DEVELOP TOURISM IN CENTRAL AREA OF VIETNAM Major: Economic Industry Code: 62.31.09.01 SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC DOCTORAL THESIS Danang 2014 This work was complete at the Economic College Danang University The Instructor: Associate Professor Dr Le The Gioi Professor Dr Truong Ba Thanh The critical 1: Associate Professor Dr.Dao Huu Hoa The critical 2: Professor Dr Nguyen Van Dinh The critical 3: Associate Professor Dr Pham Trung Luong Thesis is protected against Council Convening in Danang University At 2:00 pm on Octorber 2014 Reference works in : - Center for Information and Documentation Danang University - National Library of Vietnam INTRODUCTION URGENCY OF THE SUBJECT In present day, tourism is becoming popular in many countries around the world Cultural tourism trends also have many tourists all over the world interested Cultural tourism resources are the major factor that is put into exploitation to contribute attracting tourists These resources are always attracted a large amount of domestic and foreign tourists to visit and study The exploitation of these resources contributed significantly to the development of local tourism Tourism potential of the Central region is very rich and diversity In recent years, the number of tourist comes to region increasing with satisfactory speed, providing a significant source of revenue for economic development Besides, Central Area is home to all of the unique cultural values of the country which was recognized by UNESCO, such as: the ancient capital of Hue, Hue royal court music, Hoi An ancient town, My Son relics, gongs Tay Nguyen Those are the world’s cultural heritages (TWCHs), masterpieces inherited from the past and can pass on to future generations TWCHs are very important because it is associated with the past and present It helps us to see the traditions, beliefs and achievements of a country and its people However, like many other things, TWCHs are very fragile and if we not keep it carefully, it is very easily damaged To keep these resources always intact, the exploitation must always goes hand in hand with, preservation and promotion the cultural heritages Recognizing the importance of this, I have selected the topic: "Rational exploitation the world's cultural heritages to develop tourism in Central Area of Vietnam" for the economic doctoral thesis 2 RESEARCH OVERVIEW Tourism activities occupy an important position in the economic structure of many countries, contribute a large amount to the annual budget, bring great benefits to the country that has abundant tourism potential, improve and enhance people's lives Therefore, tourism development activities are being researched by many interested scientists Researches concerns with tourism development, sustainable tourism development by Arthur Pedersen, Anna Leask, Huibin and colleagues, Ortega, Wray and colleagues, or such as: Sustainable of culture tourism development in Vietnam[6], Sustainable Planning tourism development[15], General master plan of tourism development of MiddleNorth region in 2010, orientations to 2020[38], Planning of tourism development for provincial coastal Middle region in the joint development zone[30] There are also a number of studies related to world heritage such as: Issues given out of management and tourism development at World Heritages in Vietnam[12], tourism management at world heritages[27], planning and oriented tourism development in the areas of world Heritage in Vietnam[42] The research mainly discusses problem of tourism development(TD), offering solutions to TD as well as guidelines for exploit world heritage However, a systematic study of tourism exploitation of world heritages in Vietnam still has not been studied much OBJECTIVES AND DUTIES OF THE DISSERTATION Research Objective: On the basis of theoretical research, analyze the tourism’s current ... and Machine Intelligence, 22(11), pp 1330-1334 Zhao, Y.; Berns, R S.; Taplin, L.A.; Coddington, J., 2008 An investigation of multispectral imaging for the mapping of pigments in paintings In: Proceedings... C2RMF In: Proceedings of International Cultural Heritage Informatics Meeting (ICHIM07) Toronto, Canada Rebollo San Miguel E P., 2011, Applications of imaging spectroscopy to the chemistry of cultural. .. measuring techniques for the monitoring of surfaces from heritage objects In: In- situ Monitoring of Monumental Surfaces, Intl Workshop, SWM08, Florenz, Italy Mantegari, G., 2009 Cultural Heritage