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Circular No. 32 2015 TT-BCT on project development and model electricity sale contract applied to generation projects us...
Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and Services DG AGRI, Study Contract No: 30-CE-0162979/00-21 Study Report - Annexes -November 2008- Disclaimer This report was produced under contract from the European Commission. It solely reflects the views of the authors, and it should not be interpreted as a position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission, nor any person acting on its behalf can be held responsible for the use of this document or of the information contained within. Prepared by: European Forest Institute (EFIMED) Robert Mavsar, Sabaheta Ramčilović, Marc Palahí University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) Gerhard Weiss, Ewald Rametsteiner, Saana Tykkä Alterra Rob van Apeldoorn, Jan Vreke, Martijn van Wijk Confederation of European Forest Owners (CEPF) Gerben Janse External experts Irina Prokofieva (Forest Technology Center of Catalonia) Mika Rekola & Jari Kuuluvainen (University of Helsinki) Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and Services I | Page Contents ANNEX 1. INITIAL EXPERT INTERVIEWS 1 A NNEX 2. COMMON INTERVIEW GUIDE FOR THE CASE STUDY DATA COLLECTION 2 A NNEX 3. CLASSIFICATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 3 A NNEX 4. CHARACTERISATION OF FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES (ACCORDING TO MEA 2005) 4 A NNEX 5. COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES CLASSIFICATIONS 7 A NNEX 6. LISTS OF MARKET AND NON-MARKET FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES 8 A NNEX 7. IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT FOREST SERVICES IN THE EU-27 COUNTRIES 13 A NNEX 8. SUMMARY OF THE FORVALUE QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS 17 A NNEX 9. FOREST MULTIPLE USES - COMPATIBILITY MATRIX 29 A NNEX 10. PUBLIC ACCESS TO FORESTS AND PUBLIC USE OF NON-WOOD PRODUCTS NWFP 31 A NNEX 11. QUESTIONNAIRE CONCERNING THE IMPORTANCE OF FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES AND EXISTING FINANCING MECHANISM 33 A NNEX 12. THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC VALUE 43 A NNEX 13. VALUATION APPROACHES 44 A NNEX 14. GENERAL VALUE TYPOLOGY 45 A NNEX 15. ECONOMIC VALUATION TECHNIQUES 46 A NNEX 16. VALUATION TECHNIQUES AND FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES 47 A NNEX 17. KEY STEPS IN THE VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM GOODS AND SERVICES 48 A NNEX 18. SPATIAL RELEVANCE OF DIFFERENT FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES 50 A NNEX 19. SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC VALUES 51 A NNEX 20. OVERVIEW OF CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES FOR FINANCING INSTRUMENTS 52 A NNEX 21. TYPOLOGY OF FINANCING INSTRUMENTS USED IN THE STUDY 54 A NNEX 22. USE OF FINANCING INSTRUMENTS – RESULTS 55 A NNEX 23. INNOFORCE DATABASE OF INNOVATION CASES IN FORESTRY 58 A NNEX 24: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ADDITIONAL MCA INFORMATION 59 A NNEX 25: SHORT DESCRIPTION OF COLLECTED EXAMPLES OF FINANCING MECHANISMS 64 A NNEX 26: OVERVIEW MCA OF THE SELECTED CASES OF FINANCING MECHANISMS. 77 Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and Services 1 | Page Annex 1. Initial expert interviews List of experts for initial interviews, March 2008 (name of expert, organisation, date and place): • Erik Kosenkranius, Eustafor, Công ty Luật Minh Gia www.luatminhgia.com.vn THE MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE Circular No 32/2015/TT-BCT dated October 08, 2015 of the Ministry of Industry and Trade on project development and model electricity sale contract applied to generation projects using solid wastes Pursuant to the Law on Electricity No 28/2004/QH11 dated December 03, 2014 and the Law on amendments to the Law on Electricity dated November 20, 2012; Pursuant to the Government's Decree No 95/2012/ND-CP dated November 12, 2012, defining the functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Industry and Trade; Pursuant to the Prime Minister’s Decision No 31/2014/QD-TTg dated May 05, 2014 on mechanism for supporting generation projects using solid wastes in Vietnam; At the request of Director of Energy Administration, The Minister of Industry and Trade promulgates a Circular on project development and model electricity sale contract applied to generation projects using solid wastes Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article Scope of adjustment This Circular deals with development of grid-tied generation projects using solid wastes and provides a model electricity sale contract used for grid-tied generation projects using solid wastes in Vietnam (hereinafter referred to as model electricity sale contract) Article Subject of application This Circular applies to: Investors in grid-tied generation projects using solid wastes Units managing and operating grid-tied generation projects using solid wastes (hereinafter referred to as operators) Electricity buyers Organizations developing generation projects using solid wastes to sell electricity LUẬT SƯ TƯ VẤN PHÁP LUẬT 24/7: 1900 6169 Công ty Luật Minh Gia www.luatminhgia.com.vn Relevant organizations and individuals (hereinafter referred to as entities) Chapter II DEVELOPMENT OF GENERATION PROJECTS USING SOLID WASTES Article Inclusion of generation projects using solid wastes in national planning for development of power sources using solid wastes Every investor in generation projects using solid wastes shall compile an application to propose the generation project using solid wastes according to regulations of law on construction investment and send it to the People’s Committee of the central-affiliated city or province (hereinafter referred to as province) where the project is located In consideration of the proposal, the People’s Committee of the province shall compile an application for inclusion of the project in national planning for development of power sources using solid wastes (hereinafter referred to as application for project inclusion) according to Article of this Circular and send it to the Ministry of Industry and Trade Within 05 working days from the day on which the application is received, if the application is not satisfactory, the Ministry of Industry and Trade (Energy Administration) shall send a request for completion of the application Energy Administration shall examine the application for project conclusion within 30 working days from the day on which the satisfactory application is received Energy Administration may hire consultants to appraise the project where necessary According to the appraisal result, Electricity Administration shall request the Minister of Industry and Trade or the Prime Minister to grant an approval Article Application for inclusion of generation projects in national planning for development of power sources using solid wastes A written request of President of the People’s Committee of the province for inclusion of the generation project in national planning for development of power sources using solid wastes Basic information about the investor: documents about the investor’s legal status, business registration, key personnel, experience, financial capacity, technologies, list of completed projects (including industrial and electricity projects), if any Information about the proposed generation project using solid wastes: a) The type of solid wastes and supply; LUẬT SƯ TƯ VẤN PHÁP LUẬT 24/7: 1900 6169 Công ty Luật Minh Gia www.luatminhgia.com.vn b) Necessity of the project, advantages and disadvantages, plan for extraction and use of solid waste sources (if any); c) Project description: location, scale, area, items of the project; information about sector planning, landfill planning, and local construction planning; d) Preliminary solutions: technical solutions, technologies and power; connection plan; installation plan; schedule and method of project management; general plan for compensation and relocation, and plan for assistance in infrastructural construction (if any); cost estimates; dd) Environmental impact assessment; e) Fire safety solutions and requirements in terms of national defense and security; g) Total investment in the project; availability of capital sources and capital disbursement schedule; analysis of economic, financial, and social effects of the project Opinion of the Power Corporation or transmission ... Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and Services DG AGRI, Study Contract No: 30-CE-0162979/00-21 Study Report -November 2008- Disclaimer This report was produced under contract from the European Commission. It solely reflects the views of the authors, and it should not be interpreted as a position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission, nor any person acting on its behalf can be held responsible for the use of this document or of the information contained within. Prepared by: European Forest Institute (EFIMED) Robert Mavsar, Sabaheta Ramčilović, Marc Palahí University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) Gerhard Weiss, Ewald Rametsteiner, Saana Tykkä Alterra Rob van Apeldoorn, Jan Vreke, Martijn van Wijk Confederation of European Forest Owners (CEPF) Gerben Janse External experts Irina Prokofieva (Forest Technology Centre of Catalonia) Mika Rekola & Jari Kuuluvainen (University of Helsinki) Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and Services I | Page Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. METHODOLOGY 3 2.1 L ITERATURE REVIEW 3 2.2 S URVEY 3 2.3 E XPERT INTERVIEWS 4 2.4 I NNOVATION CASE DATABASE 4 2.5 M ULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS (MCA) 5 3. FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES IN THE EU 7 3.1 R EVIEW AND CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES 7 3.1.1 Forest Functional Classification 8 3.1.2 TEV classification 8 3.1.3 Public/private forest goods and services 9 3.1.4 Holistic classification of forest goods and services 10 3.1.5 Concluding remarks on classification of forest goods and services 11 3.1.6 Non-market forest goods and services 11 3.2 I MPORTANCE OF NON-MARKET FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES IN THE EU 12 3.2.1 Importance and trends of ecological services 13 3.2.2 Importance and trends of biospheric services 14 3.2.3 Importance and trends of social services 16 3.2.4 Importance and trends of amenity services 17 3.2.5 Other information on trends of forest goods and services 18 3.2.6 Overview and comparison of the trends and importance of non-market forest goods and services 19 3.3 U SER GROUPS, FOREST OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND PUBLIC ACCESS TO NON-MARKET FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES 20 3.3.1 Forest user groups 20 3.3.2 Forest ownership structure 22 3.3.3 Public access to forest and forest goods and services 22 3.4 C ONCLUDING REMARKS ON FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES 25 4. ECONOMIC VALUATION OF FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES 26 4.1 T HE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC VALUE AND VALUATION METHODS 26 4.2 E STIMATION OF ECONOMIC VALUES OF NON-MARKET FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES 33 Content II | Page 4.2.1 Estimated values of biodiversity 33 4.2.2 Estimated values of watershed protection 35 4.2.3 Estimated values of carbon storage and sequestration 37 4.2.4 Estimated values of recreation and tourism 39 4.2.5 Estimated values of amenity services 41 4.2.6 Comparison of WORKING PAPER SERIES NO 1395 / NOVEMBER 2011 by Manju Puri, Jörg Rocholl and Sascha Steffen ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PRIOR RELATIONSHIPS IN BANK LOANS TO RETAIL CUSTOMERS ECB LAMFALUSSY FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME ECB LAMFALUSSY FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 1 We thank the Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband (DSGV) for providing us with the data. Sascha Steffen`s contribution to the paper has been prepared under the Lamfalussy Fellowship Program sponsored by the European Central Bank. We thank Rebel Cole, Hans Degryse, Valeriya Dinger, Radhakrishnan Gopalan, Reint Gropp, David Musto, Lars Norden, Martin Weber, Vijay Yeramilli, participants at the EFA 2010 Frankfurt meeting, the FDIC-JFSR Bank Research Conference, the FMA 2010 meeting, the CAREFIN 2010 Conference at Bocconi, the German Finance Association Meeting (DGF), and seminar participants at Drexel University, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Georgia Tech University, University of Cologne, University of Mannheim, and University of Michigan for comments and suggestions. 2 Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA, and NBER; e-mail: mpuri@duke.edu. 3 European School of Management and Technology, Schloßplatz 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany; e-mail: rocholl@esmt.org. This paper can be downloaded without charge from http://www.ecb.europa.eu or from the Social Science Research Network electronic library at http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=1572673. NOTE: This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the European Central Bank (ECB). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the ECB. WORKING PAPER SERIES NO 1395 / NOVEMBER 2011 ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PRIOR RELATIONSHIPS IN BANK LOANS TO RETAIL CUSTOMERS 1 by Manju Puri 2 , Jörg Rocholl 3 , and Sascha Steffen 4 In 2011 all ECB publications feature a motif taken from the €100 banknote. 4 University of Mannheim, L5 ,2 , 68131 Mannheim, Germany; e-mail: steffen@bank.bwl.uni-mannheim.de. Lamfalussy Fellowships This paper has been produced under the ECB Lamfalussy Fellowship programme. This programme was launched in 2003 in the context of the ECB-CFS Research Network on “Capital Markets and Financial Integration in Europe”. It aims at stimulating high-quality research on the structure, integration and performance of the European financial system. The Fellowship programme is named after Baron Alexandre Lamfalussy, the first President of the European Monetary Institute. Mr Lamfalussy is one of the leading central bankers of his time and one of the main supporters of a single capital market within the European Union. Each year the programme sponsors five young scholars conducting a research project in the priority areas of the Network. The Lamfalussy Fellows and their projects are chosen by a selection committee composed of Eurosystem experts and academic scholars. Further information about the Network can be found at http://www.eu- financial-system.org and about the Fellowship programme under the menu point “fellowships”. © European Central Bank, 2011 Address Kaiserstrasse 29 60311 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Postal address Postfach 16 03 19 60066 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Telephone +49 69 1344 0 Internet http://www.ecb.europa.eu Fax +49 69 1344 6000 All rights reserved. Any reproduction, publication and reprint in the form of a different publication, whether printed or Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and Services DG AGRI, Study Contract No: 30-CE-0162979/00-21 Executive Summary -November 2008- Executive Summary 2 | Page Disclaimer This report was produced under contract from the European Commission. It solely reflects the views of the authors, and it should not be interpreted as a position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission, nor any person acting on its behalf can be held responsible for the use of this document or of the information contained within. Prepared by: European Forest Institute (EFIMED) Robert Mavsar, Sabaheta Ramčilović, Marc Palahí University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) Gerhard Weiss, Ewald Rametsteiner, Saana Tykkä Alterra Rob van Apeldoorn, Jan Vreke, Martijn van Wijk Confederation of European Forest Owners (CEPF) Gerben Janse External experts Irina Prokofieva (Forest Technology Centre of Catalonia) Mika Rekola & Jari Kuuluvainen (University of Helsinki) Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and Services 1 | Page Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and Services The importance of sustainable management of non-market forest goods and services has increased during the last few years. This is also reflected in a number of policy documents within the EU (e.g. EU Rural Development Regulation, EU Forestry Strategy, EU Forest Action Plan). The present study was launched as a response to the issues raised in the Forest Action Plan and in particular in the key action 3 (“Exchange and assess experiences on the valuation and marketing of non-wood forest goods and services”). The study aims to acquire summarised information on the state-of the-art in field of valuation of and compensation for non-market forest goods and services. 1. Forest goods and services Forests provide numerous goods and services that contribute to the human wellbeing It is widely recognised that forests are of high importance for the human wellbeing. On the one hand, they enable important life supporting functions, like photosynthesis, soil formation, water and nutrient cycling, which are essential for the functioning and existence of our world. On the other hand they provide goods and services that contribute to the human wellbeing. The number and variety of these goods and services is big and constantly changing. Meaning that new goods and services are appearing or already existing goods and services are used in new ways. The reasons for this are the constantly changing uses and importance the society ascribes to different forest goods and services. Different schemes exist to classify forest goods and services Different schemes can be applied to classify forest goods and services. A widely used approach is the functional classification. According to which the forest goods and services are BioMed Central Page 1 of 10 (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of the International AIDS Society Open Access Research Development and evaluation of a clinical algorithm to monitor patients on antiretrovirals in resource-limited settings using adherence, clinical and CD4 cell count criteria David Meya 1 , Lisa A Spacek 2 , Hilda Tibenderana 1 , Laurence John* 1 , Irene Namugga 1 , Stephen Magero 1 , Robin Dewar 3 , Thomas C Quinn 2,4 , Robert Colebunders 5 , Andrew Kambugu 1 and Steven J Reynolds 1,3 Address: 1 Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, 2 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA, 3 SAIC Frederick, MD, USA, 4 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA and 5 Institute of Tropical Medicine and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Email: David Meya - david.meya@gmail.com; Lisa A Spacek - lspacek@jhmi.edu; Hilda Tibenderana - htibenderana@yahoo.com; Laurence John* - laurence.karen@btinternet.com; Irene Namugga - irenenamugga@yahoo.com; Stephen Magero - smagero@idi.co.ug; Robin Dewar - rdewar@mail.nih.gov; Thomas C Quinn - tquinn@jhmi.edu; Robert Colebunders - bcoleb@itg.be; Andrew Kambugu - akambugu@idi.co.ug; Steven J Reynolds - sjr@jhmi.edu * Corresponding author Abstract Background: Routine viral load monitoring of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not affordable in most resource-limited settings. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 496 Ugandans established on ART was performed at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Adherence, clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed for their relationship with viral failure by multivariate logistic regression. A clinical algorithm using targeted viral load testing was constructed to identify patients for second-line ART. This algorithm was compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, which use clinical and immunological criteria to identify failure in the absence of viral load testing. Results: Forty-nine (10%) had a viral load of >400 copies/mL and 39 (8%) had a viral load of >1000 copies/mL. An algorithm combining adherence failure (interruption >2 days) and CD4 failure (30% fall from peak) had a sensitivity of 67% for a viral load of >1000 copies/mL, a specificity of 82%, and identified 22% of patients for viral load testing. Sensitivity of the WHO-based algorithm was 31%, specificity was 87%, and would result in 14% of those with viral suppression (<400 copies/mL) being switched inappropriately to second-line ART. Conclusion: Algorithms using adherence, clinical and CD4 criteria may better allocate viral load testing, reduce the number of patients continued on failing ART, and limit the development of resistance. Published: 4 March 2009 Journal of the International AIDS Society 2009, 12:3 doi:10.1186/1758-2652-12-3 Received: 19 September 2008 Accepted: 4 March 2009 This article is available from: http://www.jiasociety.org/content/12/1/3 © 2009 Meya et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the ... IV MODEL ELECTRICITY SALE CONTRACT FOR GENERATION PROJECTS USING SOLID WASTES CONNECTED TO THE GRID Article Application of model electricity sale contract to generation projects using solid wastes. .. has the responsibility to: a) Enter into a contract with the buyer according to the model electricity sale contract and electricity prices applied to generation projects using solid wastes prescribed... October 08, 2015 of the Minister of Industry and Trade on project development and model electricity sale contract applied to generation projects using solid wastes (hereinafter referred to as Circular