OPEN DISTRIBUTED AUTOMATION AND CONTROL WITH IEC 61499JHC/2001-04-03 p. 1presented at:IEC Workshop on Automation ObjectsGeneva, Switzerland2001-04-03by:JAMES H. CHRISTENSEN , Ph.D. Senior Principal EngineerRockwell AutomationJHChristensen@ra.rockwell.comOpen Distributed Automation and Controlwith IEC 61499Open Distributed Automation and Controlwith IEC 61499 OPEN DISTRIBUTED AUTOMATION AND CONTROL WITH IEC 61499JHC/2001-04-03 p. 2Open Distributed Automation and Controlwith IEC 61499Open Distributed Automation and Controlwith IEC 61499• Background• Architecture• Object Models• Software Tool Requirements• Status and Future OPEN DISTRIBUTED AUTOMATION AND CONTROL WITH IEC 61499JHC/2001-04-03 p. 3Distributed Automation:An Architectural DialecticDistributed Automation:An Architectural DialecticdistributabilityagilityprogrammabilityagilityagilitydistributabilityconfigurabilityprogrammabilityAgileManufacturingFunction BlocksIEC 61499PLCIEC 61131-3CentralizedProgrammableConfigurableDCSIEC 61804ThesisAntithesisDistributedConfigurableSynthesis OPEN DISTRIBUTED AUTOMATION AND CONTROL WITH IEC 61499JHC/2001-04-03 p. 4IEC 61131-3: Modern (1993) Software Engineering for Automation and ControlIEC 61131-3: Modern (1993) Software Engineering for Automation and Control• Encapsulation/Reuse Mechanisms– Function Blocks, Functions, Data Types, Programs• Application-adapted Languages– Ladder Diagram (LD) for logic control (“power flow”) – Function Block Diagram (FBD) for regulatory control (“data flow”)– Sequential Function Chart (SFC) for state-machine control– Structured Text (ST) for information processing– Instruction List (IL) for assembly-level programming• A Mature, Internationally Adopted Standard– First edition: 1993– Second edition: 2001 OPEN DISTRIBUTED AUTOMATION AND CONTROL WITH IEC 61499JHC/2001-04-03 p. 5Function Blocks: Object-OrientedEncapsulation and Reuse in IEC 61131-3Function Blocks: Object-OrientedEncapsulation and Reuse in IEC 61131-3Control Algorithm SpecificationExternal Interface SpecificationINBOOLDB_TIMETIMEOUT BOOLDEBOUNCEDB_FFS1RQ1OFF_TMRTONINPTQETOUTDB_TIMEININPTQETTONON_TMRSRINPTQETTONOFF_TMRON_TMRTONINPTQET| |IN|/|IN(R)OUT(S)OUTDB_TIMEDB_TIME OPEN DISTRIBUTED AUTOMATION AND CONTROL WITH IEC 61499JHC/2001-04-03 p. 6Centralized System Configuration in IEC 61131-3Centralized System Configuration in IEC 61131-3CONFIGURATIONRESOURCETASK TASKPROGRAMPROGRAMFB FBRESOURCETASK TASKPROGRAMPROGRAMFB FBGLOBAL and DIRECTLY ACCESS PATHSREPRESENTED VARIABLESCommunication function OPEN DISTRIBUTED AUTOMATION AND CONTROL WITH IEC 61499JHC/2001-04-03 p. 7Distributed Configuration in Fieldbus Systems(Physical View)Distributed Configuration in Fieldbus Systems(Physical View)Control RoomPCH1 FieldbusSegment # 1H1 FieldbusSegment # 2CV-101A/OIP102201921AT107ALT101AT107BTT105AT106Re-BurnedLimeLT108 PurchasedLimeLT112 Green Liquor StorageIP104AIP104BHeaterCoolerLT111 SC111SC112SC108DT109FT110SC110TT104FT102AT10324252322H1 FieldbusSegment # 3 OPEN DISTRIBUTED AUTOMATION AND CONTROL WITH IEC 61499JHC/2001-04-03 p. 8Distributed Configuration in Fieldbus Systems (Logical View)Distributed Configuration in Fieldbus Systems (Logical View)AIISELPIDAIAIPIDRATIO AIAO CV-102 A/OConductivityPIDAOAI Present : Dr Pham Thi Minh Rang Internal Department No2-Hospital for children No2 AIMS  To update the use of IVIG and CORTICOIDS IN management of SJS/ TEN  To remind Doctors being careful when giving drugs to patients BACKGROUND  SJS is an immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity complex  SJS and TEN are the different manifestations of the same disease  SJS typically involves the skin and the mucous membrane: Oral, nasal, eye, vaginal, urethral, gastrointestinal and lower respiratory tract mucous membranes EPIDEMIOLOGY  From two to seven cases per million people per year  SJS is more common, outnumbering TEN by as much as 3/1  The incidence of SJS/TEN is approximately 100-fold higher among HIV-infected individuals than in the general population  SJS/TEN can occur in patients of any age It is more common in women than in men, with a male/female ratio of 0.6  The overall mortality rate among patients with SJS/TEN is ranging from approximately 10% for SJS to > 30% for TEN  Mortality continues to increase up to year after disease onset CLASSIFICATION  SJS (A minor form of TEN): 30% detachment Mucous membranes are involved in the majority of cases CAUSES  Medications- Most often associated with SJS/TEN are sulfonamide antimicrobials, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine Others: acetaminophen, PNC,NAIDS …  Infection -Mycoplasma.pneu, CMV infections are the next most common trigger of SJS/TEN, Group A beta Streptococcus, Diptheria , Typhoid, HSV, AIDS, EBV, hepatitis, influenza, Cocsakie, Mumps, Rickettsia Coccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, malaria and Trichomoniasis  SJS is idiopathic in 25-50% PREDISPOSING FACTORS Risk factors for SJS/TEN include HIV infection, genetic factors, underlying immunologic diseases, and possibly physical factors PRODROME Fever, often exceeding 39°C (102.2°F), influenza-like symptoms precede by to days the development of mucocutaneous lesions  Pain on swallowing may be early symptoms of mucosal involvement Malaise, myalgia, and arthralgia…  Eye: Red eye, tearing, dry, itching, pain eye; heavy eyelid and decrease vision, photophobia and conjunctival itching or burning…  Skin: Erythroderma, facial edema or central facial involvement, skin pain, palpable purpura…  Mucous membrane erosion and crusting, swelling of tongue PHYSICAL  Skin: Rashes-> macules, papules, vesicles, bullae, urticarial plaques, denuded skin  Mucosal involvement: edema, sloughing, blistering , ulceration and necrosis  Others: tachycardia, hypotension, epitaxis, conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, balanitis, erosive vulvovaginitis, seizure, coma… LABORATORY ABNORMALITIES  Hematologic abnormalities, particularly anemia and lymphopenia, are common in SJS/TEN Eosinophilia is unusual; neutropenia is present in about onethird of patients, and is correlated with a poor prognosis However, the administration of systemic corticosteroids can cause demarginalization and mobilization of neutrophils into the circulation, and this may obscure neutropenia ANTIBIOTICS  Antimicrobials are indicated in cases of urinary tract or cutaneous infections, either of which may lead to bacteremia  Prophylactic systemic antibiotics are not useful esp in the current of multiple-drug resistance CORTICOID.1  A large multicenter European study, suggested that a short course of moderate to high dose of systemic corticosteroids( eg, prednisone to mg/kg/ day for to days) may not be harmful and may have a beneficial effect if given early in the course of the disease( ie, within 24 to 48 hours of symptom onset) CORTICOID.2  In a systematic review of treatment of SJS/TEN in children, including 31 case series with 128 patients, 20 patients received either prednisolone or prednisone (1 mg/kg/d) or methylprednisolone (4 mg/kg/d) for to days No deaths were reported; complications occurred in five patients (mild skin infections in three children and bronchiolitis in two) CORTICOID.3  In a retrospective analysis of 281 patients with SJS/TEN from France and Germany enrolled in the EuroSCAR study, 159 patients received variable doses of corticosteroids (ranging from 60 mg to 250 mg per day of prednisone equivalents), 75 IVIG (40 in association with corticosteroids), and 87 supportive care alone The mortality rate was 18 percent in the corticosteroid group, 25 percent in the IVIG group, and 25 percent in the supportive care group The odds ratio of death for patients treated with corticosteroids compared with patients treated with supportive care alone was 0.6 (95% CI 0.3-1.0), suggesting a potential benefit CORTICOID.4  subsequent analysis of 442 patients from the RegiSCAR cohort did not find a survival advantage for patients treated with systemic corticosteroids, compared with patients treated with supportive therapy only ... This page intentionally left blank Sentencing and Criminal JusticeProviding unrivalled coverage of one of the most high-profile stages in the criminaljustice process, this book examines the key issues in sentencing policy and practice.It provides an up-to-date account of the legislation on sentencing together withthe ever-increasing amount of Court of Appeal case law. The aim of the book is toexamine English sentencing law in its context, drawing not only upon legislation andthe decisions of the courts but also upon the findings of research and on theoreticaljustifications for punishment.The analysis is given depth and perspective by examining the interaction betweenthe law and the wider criminal justice system, including the prison and probationservices. The book also discusses the influence of statements from politicians, themass media and public opinion. It engages with the theory of sentencing and thereasons for depriving offenders of their liberty. It looks at the statistical evidence onthe effectiveness of sentences, and pays particular attention to difficult questionsabout aggravating and mitigating factors in sentencing, the proper approach todealing with persistent offenders, the relevance of race, gender and unemployment,and the growth of ‘preventive’ orders (such as anti-social behaviour orders) whichare not sentences as such but which impose restrictions and obligations.This new edition has been extensively revised so as to integrate the new lawsintroduced by the Criminal Justice Act 2003, which has brought sweeping reformsto English sentencing.Andrew Ashworth is Vinerian Professor of English Law at the University ofOxford. His previous titles include Principles of Criminal Law (4th edn, 2003), TheCriminal Process (3rdedn,2005,with Mike Redmayne) and Proportionate Sentencing(2005,with Andrew von Hirsch). The Law in Context SeriesEditors: William Twining (University College London)and Christopher McCrudden (Lincoln College, Oxford)Since 1970 the Law in Context series has been in the forefront of the movement tobroaden the study of law. It has been a vehicle for the publication of innovative scholarlybooks that treat law and legal phenomena critically in their social, political and economiccontexts from a variety of perspectives. The series particularly aims to publish scholarlylegal writing that brings fresh perspectives to bear on new and existing areas of law taughtin universities. A contextual approach involves treating legal subjects broadly, usingmaterials from other social sciences, and from any other discipline that helps to explainthe operation in practice of the subject under discussion. It is hoped that this orientationis at once more stimulating and more realistic than the bare exposition of legal rules. Theseries includes original books that have a different emphasis from traditional legaltextbooks, while maintaining the same high standards of scholarship. They are writtenprimarily for undergraduate and graduate students of law and of other disciplines, butmost also appeal to a wider readership. In the past, most books in the series have focusedon English law, but recent publications include books on European law, globalisation,transnational legal processes, and comparative law.Books in the SeriesAnderson, Schum & Twining: Analysis of EvidenceAshworth: Sentencing and Criminal JusticeBarton & Douglas: Law and ParenthoodBell: French Legal CulturesBercusson: European Labour LawBirkinshaw: European Public LawBirkinshaw: Freedom of Information: The Law, the Practice and the IdealCane: Atiyah’s Accidents, Compensation and the LawClarke & Kohler: Property LawCollins: The Law of ContractDavies: Perspectives on Labour LawDe Sousa Santos: Toward a New Legal Common SenseDiduck: Law’s FamiliesElworthy & Holder: Environmental Protection: Text and MaterialsFortin: Children’s Rights and the Developing LawGlover-Thomas: Reconstructing Mental Health Law and PolicyGobert & Punch: Rethinking Corporate This page intentionally left blank THE AMERICAN PURITAN ELEGYJeffrey Hammond’s study takes an anthropological approach to themost popular form of poetry in early New England – the funeralelegy. Hammond reconstructs the historical, theological, and cul-tural contexts of these poems to demonstrate how they respondedto a specific process of mourning defined by Puritan views on deathand grief. The elegies emerge, he argues, not as “poems” to be readand appreciated in a postromantic sense, but as performative scriptsthat consoled readers by shaping their experience of loss in accor-dance with theological expectation. Read in the framework of theirown time and place, the elegies shed new light on the emotionaldimension of Puritanism and the important role of ritual in Puritanculture. Hammond’s book reassesses a body of poems whoseimportance in their own time has been obscured by almost totalneglect in ours. It represents the first full-length study of its kind inEnglish. .  is Professor of English at St. Mary’sCollege of Maryland. He is author of Sinful Self, Saintly Self: ThePuritan Experience of Poetry () and Edward Taylor: Fifty Years ofScholarship and Criticism ().       EditorRoss Posnock, University of WashingtonFounding editorAlbert Gelpi, Stanford UniversityAdvisory boardNina Baym, University of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignSacvan Bercovitch, Harvard UniversityRonald Bush, St John’s College, Oxford UniversityAlbert Gelpi, Stanford UniversityMyra Jehlen, Rutgers UniversityCarolyn Porter, University of California, BerkeleyRobert Stepto, Yale UniversityRecent books in the series.  Writing America Black: Race Rhetoric and the Public Sphere.    Imagined Empires: Incas, Aztecs, and the New World of American Literature, –.   Blacks and Jews in Literary Dialogue.  Edward S. Curtis and the North American Indian, Inc..   Afrocentrism, Antimodernism, and Utopia.   Blackness and Value: Seeing Double.   Mark Twain and the Novel: The Double-Cross of Authority.   Dos Passos and the Ideology of the Feminine.   Voices of the Nation: Women and Public Speech in Nineteenth-Century American Literatureand Culture.  Freeing the Soul: Race, Subjectivity, and Difference in Slave Narratives.  . Sublime Enjoyment: On the Perverse Motive in American Literature THE AMERICAN PURITAN ELEGYA Literary and Cultural StudyJEFFREY A. HAMMOND          The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom  The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, AustraliaRuiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, SpainDock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africahttp://www.cambridge.orgFirst published in printed format ISBN 0-521-66245-1 hardbackISBN 0-511-03374-5 eBookJeffrey A. Hammond 20042000(Adobe Reader)© For my parentsJeanne Weldon HammondandEvan Ronald Hammond BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH ------------- CAO VĂN HY CHIẾN LƯC PHÁT TRIỂN CÔNG TY DRAGON-LINE VIỆT NAM ĐẾN NĂM 2016 Chuyên ngành : QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH Mã số : 60.34.05 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ KINH TẾ Người hướng dẫn khoa học: TS. PHAN THỊ MINH CHÂU TP.HỒ CHÍ MINH - NĂM 2006 -1- MỤC LỤC Lời mở đầu Chương 1 : LÝ LUẬN CƠ BẢN VỀ CHIẾN LƯC VÀ HOẠCH ĐỊNH CHIẾN LƯC I – KHÁI NIỆM VÀ TẦM QUAN TRỌNG CỦA HOẠCH ĐỊNH CHIẾN LƯC I.1 – Khái niệm về chiến lược và hoạch đònh chiến lược ….……………………………1 I.2 – Tầm quan trọng của hoạch đònh chiến lược………………………………………….1 II – QUI TRÌNH HOẠCH ĐỊNH CHIẾN LƯC II.1 - Tầm nhìn và xác đònh sứ mạng của công ty III.1.1 – Tầm nhìn của công ty…………………………………………………… 2 III.1.2 – Xác đònh sứ mạng của công ty……………… .……….………… .2 II.2 – Phân tích môi trường II.2.1 – Phân tích môi trường bên ngoài…………………… …………………3 II.2.2 – Phân tích môi trường bên trong………………………… ……………… 7 II.3 - Xác đònh mục tiêu của công ty ……………………………………………………………….………………………….10 III.4 – Xây dựng chiến lược của công ty III.4.1 - Chiến lược cấp công ty……………………………………… …………10 III.4.2 - Chiến lược cấp kinh doanh…………………………………… ……….11 III.4.3 - Chiến lược cấp chức năng……………………………………….………12 III – CÔNG CỤ HOẠCH ĐỊNH CHIẾN LƯC: III.1 – Ma trận đánh giá các yếu tố bên ngoài (EFE)…………………………… ….…12 III.2 – Ma trận hình ảnh cạnh tranh…………………………………………………… 13 III.3 – Ma trận đánh giá các yếu tố bên trong (IFE)………………………………… …14 IV.4 – Ma trận SWOT………………………………………………………………….…15 Chương 2- PHÂN TÍCH ẢNH HƯƠÛNG MÔI TRƯỜNG ĐẾN HOẠT ĐỘNG SẢN XUẤT KINH DOANH CỦA CÔNG TY DRAGON – LINE VIỆT NAM I – GIỚI THIỆU VỀ CÔNG TY I.1 – Quá trình hình thành và phát triển của công ty Dragon-Line VN…………… … 18 I.2 – Bộ máy quản lý công ty…………………………………………………….……….19 I.3 – Tình hình sản xuất kinh doanh tại công ty Dragon-Line VN trong thời gian qua .20 -2- II – CÁC YẾU TỐ MÔI TRƯỜNG ĐẾN HOẠT ĐỘNG CỦA CÔNG TY DRAGON – LINE VN II.1 – CÁC YẾU TỐ MÔI TRƯỜNG BÊN NGOÀI ẢNH HƯƠÛNG ĐẾN HOẠT ĐỘNG SẢN XUẤT KINH DOANH CỦA CÔNG TY DRAGON – LINE VN II.1.1 - Các yếu tố cơ hội (Opportunities)………………………………… ……21 II.1.2 – Các yếu tố đe dọa (Threats)……………………………………… …….23 II.1.3 – Ma trận đánh giá các yếu tố bên ngoài EFE……………………….……30 II.1.4 – Xây dựng ma trận hình ảnh cạnh tranh…………………………….…….31 II.2 – CÁC YẾU TỐ MÔI TRƯỜNG BÊN TRONG ẢNH HƯƠÛNG ĐẾN HOẠT ĐỘNG SẢN XUẤT KINH DOANH CỦA CÔNG TY DRAGON – LINE VN II.2.1 – Các yếu tố sức mạnh (Strengths)…………………………………… .….31 II.2.2 – Các yếu tố điểm yếu (Weaknesses)………………………………… .…37 II.2.3 – Ma trận đánh giá các yếu tố bên trong IFE………………………….… 42 II.3 – XÂY DỰNG MA TRẬN SWOT CHƯA ĐẦY ĐỦ……………………………….43 Chương 3 : CHIẾN LƯC PHÁT TRIỂN CÔNG TY DRAGON – LINE VN ĐẾN 2016 I - Tầm nhìn, sứ mạng và mục tiêu của công ty I.1 – Tầm nhìn của công ty………………………………………………………….…….45 I.2 – Sứ mạng của công ty…………………………………………………………….… 45 I.3 – Mục tiêu của công ty…………………………………………………………….… 45 II - Xây dựng các phương án chiến lược phát triển công ty Dragon Line VN đến 2016 (ma trận SWOT đầy đủ)……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….……47 III – Các chiến lược được lựa chọn III.1 Mechanical behaviour of human epidermal and dermal layers in vivo CIP-DATA LIBRARY TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN Hendriks, Falke M. Mechanical behaviour of human epidermal and dermal layers in vivo / by Falke M. Hendriks. – Eindhoven : Techn ische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2005. Proefschrift. – ISBN 90-386-2896-X NUR 954 Subject headings: skin mechanics / epidermis / ultrasound / optical coherence tomography / confocal microscopy / finite element model Copyright c 2005 by F.M. Hendriks All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a database or retrieval system, or published, in any form or in any way, electronically, mechanically, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without prior written permission of the author. Cover design: Jan-Willem Luijten (JWL producties)/Falke Hendriks Printed by Universiteitsdrukkerij TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. This project was financially supported by Philips Research. Mechanical behaviour of human epidermal and dermal layers in vivo Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, prof.dr. R.A. van Santen, voor een commissie aangewezen door het College voor Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 22 maart 2005 om 16.00 uur door Falke Marieke Hendriks geboren te Sittard Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotoren: prof.dr.ir. F.P.T. Baaijens en prof.dr. D.L. Bader Copromotor: dr.ir. C.W.J. Oomens Voor Ronald, voor Sterre, voor mijn ouders. Contents Summary xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Structure and function of the human skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1.1 Epidermis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.2 Dermis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.1.3 Hypodermis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2 Skin imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.1 Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.2 Confocal microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2.3 Optical coherence tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.2.4 Nuclear magnetic resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.2.5 Selection of visualization techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3 Review of experimental and numerical studies on skin mechanics . . . . . . 11 1.3.1 Mechanical properties of dermal components . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3.2 Mechanical experiments on the skin in vivo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3.3 Mechanical experiments on the skin in vitro . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.3.4 Mechanical experiments on stratum corneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.3.5 Numerical models to describe skin mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.4 Aim and objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.5 Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2 Characterization of non-linear mechanical behaviour of skin using ultra- sound 21 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.2 Materials and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.1 Experimental set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.2 Finite element model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2.3 Parameter identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.3.1 Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... keratitis, and corneal scarring leading to visual impairment and rarely blindness  Oral and dental sequelae are not rare and include mouth discomfort, xerostomia, gingival inflammation and synechiae,... phase of SJS/TEN lasts to 12 days and is characterized by persistent fever, severe mucous membrane involvement, and epidermal sloughing that may be generalized and result in large, raw, painful... demarginalization and mobilization of neutrophils into the circulation, and this may obscure neutropenia LABORATORY ABNORMALITIES  Hypoalbuminemia, electrolyte imbalance, and increased blood urea nitrogen and