Unit 1: Paragraph to Short Essay How a paragraph is developed to a short essay The organization of a short essay ESSAY PARAGRAPH • - states the topic - thesis statement states the controlling idea Topic sentence - states the topic - states the controlling idea • Concluding sentence - summarizes the controlling idea in the topic sentence Body - supports the controlling idea in the thesis statement with a supporting point stated in the topic sentence Supporting sentences - support the controlling idea with supporting points and details Introduction • Conclusion - summarizes the controlling idea in the thesis statement Topic: Reasons for Going to University PARAGRAPH Topic sentence (1 sentence) ESSAY After graduating from high school, many students go on to university, but their reasons for entering higher education vary (From Chin et al., 2012) Introduction (more than sentence) At one point or another in their high school lives, students are faced with one big question: should they go to university? Some students decide not to go, and the others determine to stay another four years in classroom Although they think that it is worth going to university, the reasons why they think so might be different Students go to university for a variety of reasons: academic interest and future career (From Chin et al., 2012) Outline ESSAY Introduction PARAGRAPH • Hook: At one point or another in their high school lives, students are faced with one big question: should they go to university? • Background information: - some decide not to go - others determine to go • Thesis statement: Students go to university for a variety of reasons: academic interest and future career - Topic: Students go to university - Controlling idea: variety of reasons - Plan: academic interest and future career Topic sentence Topic: their reasons for entering higher education Controlling idea: vary PARAGRAPH: Supporting point First, many students attend to study a particular subject in depth Unlike high schools, which require students to take a wide range of classes, university curriculums allow students to choose a major In each major, a number of specialized courses are offered, and they are taught by experts in the fields Moreover, universities have various research facilities that help students learn ESSAY Body paragraph First, many students attend to study a particular subject in depth University curriculums allow students to choose a major This is significant different from high schools, which require students to take a wide range of classes regardless of their interests Moreover, universities offer a number of specialized courses in one discipline, and these courses are taught by experts in the fields Thus, for example, students who are interested in politics can major in political science and take courses about political system, political philosophy, comparative politics, and other specific topics related to politics In addition, universities have various research facilities that help students learn, such as libraries, laboratories, and computer rooms Such curriculums, courses, and facilities enable students to pursue their academic goals in the field of their choice, and this is one of the reasons why they go to university Outline PARAGRAPH ESSAY • Topic sentence: First, many students attend to study a particular subject in depth • Sup Point 1: university curriculums allow students to choose a major + Sup details: - different from high schools • Sup Point 2: a number of specialized courses are offered + taught by experts in the fields + Sup details: - Example: major in political science -> subjects: political system, political philosophy, comparative politics, and other specific topics related to politic • Sup Point 3: have various research facilities that help students learn + Sup details: giving example: libraries, laboratories, and computer rooms • Concluding sentence: - summarizing: Such curriculums, courses, and facilities enable students to pursue their academic goals in the field of their choice, - emphasizing the main idea of the essay: and this is one of the reason why they go to university Supporting point 1: First, many students attend to study a particular subject in depth Supporting details: -1 university curriculums allow students to choose a major -2 a number of specialized courses are offered + taught by experts in the fields -3 have various research facilities that help students learn PARAGRAPH: Supporting point ESSAY: Body paragraph Another common reason for going to Another common reason for going to university is that a college university is that a college education education often leads to a better career in the future In many often leads to a better career in the countries, companies tend to look for university graduates to fill future In many countries, people positions that have greater responsibility and higher pay, such as with university degree tend to find better-paying jobs than those without them In addition, some universities provide students with opportunities to acquire practical skills that can be useful in the real world, such as managers and supervisors Furthermore, for certain professions including doctors, lawyers and school teachers, a university degree is a requirement In addition, some universities provide students with opportunities to acquire practical skills that can be useful in the real world For example, they offer courses in accounting, data processing, and foreign languages as well as internship program in which students can experience working in a company and learning accounting, using computer, and business skills In short, some students attend university because speaking foreign languages university degree and the practical skills they can acquire will bring them better employment opportunity in the future Outline Supporting point Another common reason for going • Topic sentence: Another common reason for going to university is that a college education often leads to a better career in the future • Sup Point 1: people with university degree tend to find betterpaying jobs + Sup details: - to fill positions that have greater responsibility and higher pay, such as managers and supervisors -2 for certain professions including doctors, lawyers and school teachers • Sup Point 2: universities provide students with opportunities to acquire practical skills + Sup Details: - giving example: courses in accounting, data processing, and foreign languages as well as internship program • Concluding sentence: - emphasizing the main idea of the essay : some students attend university because - summarizing : university degree and the practical skills they can acquire will bring them better employment opportunity in the future to university is that a college education often leads to a better career in the future Supporting details: -1 people with university degree tend to find better-paying jobs -2 universities provide students with opportunities to acquire practical skills ESSAY Conclusion PARAGRAPH Concluding sentence To sum up, students go to university for a variety of reasons: to study a particular field and to find a good job In conclusion, students may have different reasons for going to university For many of them, the main reason is to explore the academic field they are interested in However, some students attend university to gain an advantage in the job market in the future Regardless of the reasons, it is important for students to remember why they are in university and their best to achieve their goals Outline ESSAY PARAGRAPH Concluding sentence Emphasizing: - students go to university for a variety of reasons: Summarizing: - to study a particular field and to find a good job Conclusion - restated thesis: students may have different reasons for going to university - summary of main ideas: + the main reason is to explore the academic field they are interested in + to gain an advantage in the job market in the future - final comment: It is important for students to remember why they are in university and their best to achieve their goals Comparison of the two organizations • Essay organization Introduction: tells the reader the essay’s topic, purpose and main idea + Hook: get the reader’s interest Paragraph organization Topic sentence: presents the topic and the controlling idea of the paragraph Supporting sentences: - Supporting point + Sup Details - Supporting point + Sup Details + Background inf.: helps the readers understand more about the topic + Thesis statement: topic of the essay, writer’s position/opinion to the topic, the main idea that will be used to support the writer’s position (plan – optional) Body: is to explain, illustrate, discuss or prove the thesis statement - Body paragraph 1: main idea - Supporting point + Sup Details - Supporting point + Sup Details - Concluding sentence - Body paragraph 2: main idea Concluding sentence: restates the controlling idea - summarizes the supporting points - Supporting point + Sup Details - Supporting point + Sup Details - Concluding sentence Conclusion: to reinforce the ideas in the essay - restated thesis, - summary of the main ideas, - final comment The organization of an essay • Introduction: tells the reader the essay’s topic, purpose and main idea + Hook: get the reader’s interest + Background inf.: helps the readers understand more about the topic + Thesis statement: topic of the essay, writer’s position/opinion to the topic, the main idea that will be used to support the writer’s position (plan – optional) Body: is to explain, illustrate, discuss or prove the thesis statement - Body paragraph 1: Topic sentence Supporting sentences - Supporting point + Sup Details - Supporting point + Sup Details Concluding sentence - Body paragraph 2: Topic sentence Supporting sentences - Supporting point + Sup Details - Supporting point + Sup Details Concluding sentence Conclusion: to reinforce the ideas in the essay - restated thesis, - summary of the main ideas, - final comment/final thought Introductory Paragraph What is the introductory paragraph? - informs the essay’s topic, purpose of the essay, and main ideas to be presented in the body paragraphs - consists of three parts: a hook, background information, and a thesis statement A HOOK • • What is a hook? What are some common types of hooks? - creates interest in the topic, encourages the readers to keep reading - an eye-catching statement a quotation/ a question a surprising statistic a general truth - What kinds of information about the topic should be included in the background information? BACKGROUND INFORMATION - history of the topic the current situation regarding the topic relevant statistics attitudes/ opinion towards the topic - What are the ways to organize the background information? - from general information to specific information, - from older information to new information THESIS STATEMENT -What should a thesis statement contain? -Where is the thesis statement usually located? -How long is a thesis statement? - topic of the essay, - writer’s position/opinion /approach to the topic, - the main ideas that will be used to support the writer’s position (plan) - at the end of the introductory paragraph - in one sentence Body paragraphs - How many body paragraphs are there in an essay? - What is the purpose of the body paragraph? - How many ideas should each body paragraph focus on? - What techniques should the supporting sentences use? - at least paragraph - providing evidence and explanation to support the controlling idea in the thesis statement - one main idea that support the thesis statement(usually stated in the plan) - stating a reason - providing evidence - providing an explanation Concluding paragraph - reinforcing the ideas in the essay - What is the function of the concluding paragraph? - Why is it important? - making an impact on the readers - restating the thesis statement, - summarizing the main ideas, - What should it include? - giving final thought - definitely no - Should it include new ideas? Thank you for participating in the lesson! ... Topic sentence (1 sentence) ESSAY After graduating from high school, many students go on to university, but their reasons for entering higher education vary (From Chin et al., 2 0 12 ) Introduction... university Supporting point 1: First, many students attend to study a particular subject in depth Supporting details: -1 university curriculums allow students to choose a major -2 a number of specialized... attend to study a particular subject in depth • Sup Point 1: university curriculums allow students to choose a major + Sup details: - different from high schools • Sup Point 2: a number of specialized