WORD FAMILIES Word families are words that look alike but have different endings ROOT WORD: nation ENDINGS: -al —ize? -ly -ity WORDS: national nationalize nationally nationality These endings (-al, -ize, -ly, -ity, -ful, -sion, etc.) change the original word to either a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb For example, the word care can be made into an adjective (careful) or an adverb (carefully) ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:  Do you need a noun? If so, does the ending make the word a noun? Noun endings: -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ation, -dom, -ism, -ment, -ness, -ship, —or, —ion, - ity INCORRECT [I was sorry to hear about his ill.] CORRECT I was sorry to hear about his illness  Do you need an adjective? If so, does the ending make the word an adjective? Adjective endings: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive,-less INCORRECT [This is a wonder report!] CORRECT This is a wonderful report! Do you need an adverb? If so, does the ending make the word an adverb? Adverb endings: -ly, -ward, -wise INCORRECT [She entered the data very careful.] CORRECT She entered the data very carefully  Do you need a verb? If so, does the ending make the word a verb? Verb endings: -en, -ify, -ize INCORRECT [We are going to wide the parking lot.] CORRECT We are going to widen the parking lot We need to the language in this report; it is too complex (A) simplify (B) simple (C) simply (D) simplistic Verb endings: -en, -ify, -ize To simplify (v) to make sth easier to or understand: The application forms have now been simplified Simplistic (adj.) (disapproving) making a problem, situation, etc seem less difficult or complicated than it really is Simplistically (adverb) We need to the language in this report; it is too complex (A) simplify (B) simple (C) simply (D) simplistic In my opinion, her leaving early was a very thing to (A) children (B) childish (C) childishly (D) child A doctor’s manner makes patients feel comfortable (A) friendship (B) friend (C) friendly (D) friendliness It was very of the boss to buy us those nice gifts (A) thoughtless (B) thoughtful (C) thought (D) thoughtfully Adjective endings: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive, -less Thoughtless (adjective) (disapproving) not caring about the possible effects of your words or actions on other people SYN  Inconsiderate: a thoughtless remark thoughtlessly (adverb)  thoughtlessness (noun) Thoughtful (adj.) showing that you think about and care for other people SYN  Considerate, Kind: It was very thoughtful of you to send the flowers It was very of the boss to buy us those nice gifts (A) thoughtless (B) thoughtful (C) thought (D) thoughtfully One of your duties will be some typing (A) light (B) lightened (C) lighten (D) lightness Light (adj.) To lighten (verb) [vn] to reduce the amount of work, debt, worry, etc that sb has SYN To lessen lightness (n) Light (adj) + en = Lighten (v) One of your duties will be some typing (A) light (B) lightened (C) lighten (D) lightness 10 She would like a raise, not just a few dollars (A) really (B) realist (C) real (D) reality Raise (n) an increase in the money you are paid for the work you do: I’m going to ask for a rise Realist (noun) a person who accepts and deals with a situation as it really is and does not try to pretend that it is different: I’m a realist—I know you can’t change people overnight a writer, painter, etc whose work represents things as they are in real life Reality (n) (pl -ies) 1[U] the true situation and the problems that actually exist in life, in contrast to how you would like life to be: She refuses to face reality Real (adj.) actually existing or happening and not imagined or pretended: It wasn’t a ghost; it was a real person 10 She would like a raise, not just a few dollars (A) really (B) realist (C) real (D) reality THANK YOU! .. .Word families are words that look alike but have different endings ROOT WORD: nation ENDINGS: -al —ize? -ly -ity WORDS: national nationalize nationally... (-al, -ize, -ly, -ity, -ful, -sion, etc.) change the original word to either a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb For example, the word care can be made into an adjective (careful) or an adverb... (carefully) ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:  Do you need a noun? If so, does the ending make the word a noun? Noun endings: -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ation, -dom, -ism, -ment, -ness, -ship, —or, —ion,