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STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM (1) Câu điều kiện loại I Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại Câu điều kiện loại I gọi câu điều kiện có thực Điều kiện xảy tương lai Cấu trúc - Công thức câu điều kiện loại If + S + V (hiện tại), S + will + V (nguyên mẫu) IF + Chủ ngữ + Động từ chia đơn + Bổ ngữ, Chủ ngữ + WILL + Động từ nguyên mẫu + Bổ ngữ (nếu có) Nói cách khác, câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng đơn, mệnh đề dùng tương lai đơn Chủ ngữ chủ ngữ trùng Bổ ngữ không có, tùy ý nghĩa câu Mệnh đề IF mệnh đề đứng trước hay sau Trong câu điều kiện loại I, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia đơn, động từ mệnh đề chia tương lai đơn Ví dụ: If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you (Nếu anh vào vườn tôi, chó cắn anh đó.) If it is sunny, I will go fishing (Nếu trời nắng tốt, câu cá.) Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1: Câu điều kiện loại gọi câu điều kiện có thật Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại để đặt điều kiện thực nêu kết xảy ngữ pháp tiếng anh (2) Câu điều kiện loại II Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại 2: Câu điều kiện loại II gọi câu điều kiện thực Điều kiện xảy tương lai, điều kiện giả thiết, ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại If + S + V (quá khứ), S + would + V (nguyên mẫu) - Trong câu điều kiện loại II, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia bang thái cách (past subjunctive), động từ mệnh đề chia điều kiện (simple conditional) Chú ý: Bàng thái cách (Past subjunctive) hình thức chia động từ giống hệt khư đơn, riêng động từ “to be” dùng “were” cho tất Ví dụ: If I were a bird, I would be very happy (Nếu chim, hạnh phúc.) Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved If he had trained hard, he would have won the match => Had he trained hard, he would have won the match If not = Unless - Unless thường dùng câu điều kiện - lúc Unless = If not Ví dụ: STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM Unless we start at once, we will be late If we don't start at once we will be late Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams Một số biến thể câu điều kiện: Sau biến thể có cụm động từ vế câu điều kiện loại I: GIẢ ĐỊNH CÓ THẬT (Real conditions) LOẠI I A Biến thể cụm động từ mệnh đề (main clause) - Đối với trường hợp muốn nhấn mạnh tính xảy việc If + present simple, may/might + V-inf Ex If the weather gets worse, the flight may/might be delayed - Đối với trường hợp thể đồng ý, cho phép, gợi ý If + present simple, may/can + V-inf Ex If it stops raining, we can go out - Đối với câu gợi ý, khuyên răn, đề nghị yêu cầu nhấn mạnh hành động If + present simple, would like to/must/have to/should + V-inf Ex If you go to the library today, I would like to go with you If you want to lose weight, you should some exercise - Đối với trường hợp muốn diễn tả hậu tất yếu điều kiện đặt theo quy luật thói quen If + present simple, present simple Ex If you eat this poisonous fruit, you die at once If you boil water, it turns to vapor - Đối với trường hợp xảy tương lai nhấn mạnh trạng thái diễn ra/hoàn thành việc If + present simple, future continuous/future perfect Ex If we leave Hanoi for Hue today, we shall be staying in Hue tomorrow If you your home work right now, you will have finished it in hours' time - Đối với câu mệnh lệnh (chủ ngữ ẩn mệnh đề chính) If + present simple, (do not) V-inf Ex If you are hungry, go to a restaurant If you feel cold, don't open the door - Đối với câu khuyên răn, trường hợp không thực câu điều kiện "if" mang nghĩa "as, since, because" If + present simple, why (not) + V-inf Ex If you like the movie, why don't you go to the cinema? B Biến thể cụm động từ mệnh đề điều kiện (if-clause) - Đối với trường hợp xảy If + present continuous, simple future Ex If he is working, I won't disturb him If you are doing exercises, I shall wait If I am playing a nice game, don't put me to bed.(tương đương simple future) - Đối với trường hợp không thời gian điều kiện có thật mà nhấn mạnh tính hoàn tất If + present perfect, simple future Ex If you have finished your homework, I shall ask for your help - Đối với câu gợi ý nhấn mạnh điều kiện If + would like to + V-inf, will/can/must/nothing + V-inf Ex If you would like to go to the library today, I can/will go with you - Đối với câu đề nghị, gợi ý, bày tỏ ý kiến mang tính lịch If + can/may/must/have to/should/be going to + V-inf, simple future STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM Ex If I can help you, I will If I may get into the room now, I shan't feel cold If I must/have to take the oral test, I shall feel afraid If you are going to go to University, you must study hard before an entrance examination If you should see her tomorrow, please tell her to phone me at once (tương đương probably) Lưu ý: Trong câu "if + subject + should + V-inf.", should đưa lên đầu câu thay "if" Should + V-inf., simple future Ex Should you see him on the way home from work, please tell him to call on me Tương tự vậy, ta có số biến thể phổ biến cụm động từ GIẢ ĐỊNH KHÔNG CÓ THỰC (unreal conditions loại II III), tuỳ vào việc muốn nhấn mạnh trạng thái diễn tiến hay hoàn thành việc mệnh đề điều kiện việc mệnh đề LOẠI II A Mệnh đề (main clause) - If + past simple, would/should/could/might/had to/ought to + be V-ing Ex If we left Hanoi for Hue this morning, we would be staying in Hue tomorrow - If + past simple, past simple (việc xảy ra) Ex If the goalkeeper didn't catch the ball, they lost - If + past simple, would be + V-ing Ex If I were on holiday with him, I would/might be touring Italy now - If dùng "as, since, because" kết hợp với động từ nhiều khác mệnh đề không thực câu điều kiện Ex If you knew her troubles, why didn't you tell me? B Mệnh đề phụ (if-clause) - If + past continuous, would/could + V-inf Ex If we were studying English in London now, we could speak English much better - If + past perfect, would/could + V-inf Ex If you had taken my advice, you would be a millionaire now LOẠI III A Mệnh đề (main clause) - If + past perfect, could/might + present perfect Ex If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life - If + past perfect, present perfect continuous Ex If you had left Hanoi for Haiphong last Saturday, you would have been swimming in Doson last Sunday - If + past perfect, would + V-inf Ex If she had followedmy advice, she would be richer now If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be better now B Mệnh đề phụ (if-clause) - If + past perfect continuous, would + present perfect Ex If it hadn't been raining the whole week, I would have finished the laundry Các trường hợp dùng "wish" tương tự, chia làm loại, cách dùng bạn NHH nói có số biến thể tương tự Đối với trường hợp "if" sử dụng liên từ dùng để bắt đầu mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ điều kiện thời gian, lúc "if = when" Vậy "if" "when" khác nào? - WHEN: dùng diễn tả điều chắn xảy Ex I am going to some shopping today When I go shopping, I'll buy you some coffee - IF: dùng diễn tả điều không chắn (có thể không thể) xảy tương lai Ex I may go shopping today If I go shopping, I'll buy you some coffee STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM Lưu ý: Động từ mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ bắt đầu "when" "if" present simple hành động xảy tương lai Ex When/If he arrives tomorrow, I'll tell him about it Bài tập thực hành Câu Điều Kiện Lưu ý: Bạn đăng ký tham gia khoá học tiếng anh cho người Academy.vn để xem đáp án phần tập & luyện thêm tập thực hành kiến thức tiếng anh Đăng ký REVISION OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES I- Choose the most suitable tense 1- I can’t understand what he sees in her! If anyone treats / will treat / treated me like that, I am / will be / would be extremely angry 2- If you help / helped me with this exercise, I will / would the same for you one day 3- According to the timetable, if the train leaves / left on time, we will / would arrive at 5.30 4- If it is / will be fine tomorrow, we go / will go to the coast 5- If we find / found a taxi, we will get / would get there before the play starts 6- It’s quite simple really If you take / will take / took these tablets every day, then you lose / will lose / lost / would lose weight 7- I don’t like this flat I think I will be / I am / I’d be happier if I lived / live / will live /would live in a house in the country 8- I can’t play football, but I’m sure that if I will / / did, I play / will play / would play a lot better than anyone in this awful team 9- I phone / will phone / phone you tonight, are you / will you be / would you be in? 10- Why didn’t you tell me? – If you told / had told me, I had / would have helpedyou 11- If Bill didn’t stea l/ hadn’t stolen the car, he weren’t / wouldn’t be / hadn’t beenin prison now 12- If Ann weren’t driving / didn’t drive / hadn’t driven so fast, her car didn’t crash /wouldn’t crash / wouldn’t have crashed into a tree 13- Let me give some advice If you smoked / would smoke / had smoked less, youdidn’t feel / wouldn’t feel / wouldn’t have felt tired 14- What bad luck! If Alan didn’t fall / hadn’t fallen / wouldn’t fall over, he won / would win / would have won the race 15- If you invited/had invited me last week, I was able/had been able/would have been able to come 16- I’m sure your letter hasn’t arrived yet If it came/had come, I’m sure I noticed/hadnoticed/would have noticed it 17- We have a suggestion to make How you feel/would you feel if weoffered/would offer/had offered you the job of assistant manager 18- If you lent/had lent us the money, we paid/would pay/had paid you back next week 19- I wish Peter doesn’t live/didn’t live/wouldn’t live so far away from the town center We’ll have to take a taxi 20- I feel rather cold I wish I brought/had brought my pullover with me 21- I wish you tell/had told/told me about the test I haven’t done my revision 22- I’m sorry I missed your birthday party I really wish I come/came/had come/wouldcome 23- I like my new boss but I wish she gave/would give/could give me some more responsibility 24- Having a lovely time in Brighton, I wish you are/were/had been here Love, Mary 25- A cheque is all right, but I’d rather you pay/paid me cash 26- If only I have/had/would have a screwdriver with me 27- If you want to catch the last train, it’s time you leave/left 28- I’d rather you don’t tell/didn’t tell anyone about our conversation 29- It’s high time you learn/learned to look after yourself 30- Jean thinks that everyone likes her If only she knows/knew what people say behind her back STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM II- Put each verb in bracket into a suitable tense 1- It’s a pity you missed the party If you (come)…….you (meet)………… my friend from Hungary 2- If we (have)…… some tools, we (be)……….able to repair the car, but we haven’t had any with us 3- Thank you for your help If you (not help)………me, I (not pass)……….the examination 4- It’s a beautiful house, and I (buy)……….it if I (have)………the money, but I can’t afford it 5- I can’t imagine what I (do)……… with the money if I (win) ……….the football pools or a lottery 6- Mark isn’t a serious athlete If he (train)…………harder, he (be)…….quite a good runner 7- If Claire (listen)………to her mother, she (not marry)……….David in the first place 8- It rained every day in our holiday If we (not take)……… the TV with us, we (not have) anything to 9- Jim is so untidy! If he (buy)………some new clothes, he (not look) so bad 10- I wish I(have)…… the money to buy some new clothes, but I can’t afford it at the moment 11- I wish the government (do)………something about the air pollution in this city 12- I’m getting really soaked! I wish I (not forget)……… my umbrella 13- That was a lovely meal, but I wish I (not eat) ……….so much 14- Come on children! It’s time you (be)……… in bed 15- Actually, I’d rather you (not smoke)……… in here 16- Suppose you (see)……… a ghost, what would you do? 17- I’m so annoyed about my car accident If only I (be)………… more careful! 18- I’d rather you (not put)………your coffee on the top of the book III- Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown 1- I didn’t have an umbrella with me so I got wet I wouldn’t…………………………… 2- I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone Unless……………………………… 3- In the snowy weather we don’t go to school If……………………………………… 4- Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move this table If………………… 5- You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep If you……………………… 6- Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you some sweets If…………………………… 7- If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed her Unless……… 8- If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 00 Should………………………… 9- I wouldn’t accept if you ask me to marry you If you were………………………… 10- What would you if there were an earthquake? Supposing…………………… 11- If you the shopping, I’ll cook lunch You………………………………………… 12-What would you if you found some buried treasure? If you were…………… 13- If Paul hadn’t been interested, the project would have been abandoned But for… 14- If by any chance you find my wallet, could you let me know? If you happen…… 15- I might be late If so, start without me If I…………………………………………… 16- The fire was brought under control thanks to the night watch-man If it hadn’t… 17- Dick is in prison because a detective recognized him If a………………………… 18- If you want my advice, I’d think twice about buying a car like that If I…………… 19- If the painting is finished by Saturday, we’ll pay you extra Finish………………… 20- Getting up early makes me feel hungry If ………………………………………… 21- Please don’t eat in the classroom I’d rather…………………………………… 22- I think we should leave now I think it’s time……………………………… 23- What a pity we ate all the food If only we………………………………………… 24- It’s a shame we don’t have a TV I wish……………………………………………… IV- Rewrite each of the following sentences, using the word in the capital 1- If you have any free time, could you give me a ring? SHOULD STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM 2- We won’t go away if the weather is bad UNLESS 3- I didn’t have the money, so I didn’t buy a new suit WOULD 4- If you hurry up, you won’t be late GOING 5- If they offered you the job, would you accept? WERE 6- If you are in London by any chance, come and see me HAPPEN 7- Without you, I would have given up years ago BEEN 8- Please take a seat, and I’ll inquire for you WILL 9- Don’t take this job if you don’t really want it UNLESS 10- I wasn’t tall enough to reach the shelf TALLER 11- If the ship sank, what would you do? WERE 12- If you should notice what’s on at the cinema, let me know HAPPEN 13- If you hadn’t encouraged me, I would have given up BUT 14- I don’t have any money, so I can’t lend you any IF 15- But for Helen, the play would be a flop WERE V- Choose the best option 1- It would have been a much more serious accident……… fast at the time A- had she been driving B- was she driving C- she had driven D- she drove 2- Can I borrow your car for this evening? – Sure, but Nora’s using it right now If she … it back, you are welcome to borrow it A- brought B- would bring C- will bring D- brings 3- I didn’t get home until well after midnight last night Otherwise, I…… your call A- returned B- had returned C- would return D- would have returned 4- If energy………inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different A- is B- will be C- were D- would be 5- We……… the game if we’d had a few more minutes A_ might have won B- won C- had won D- will win 6- I………Alan with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other A_ hadn’t brought B- didn’t bring C- wouldn’t have brought D- won’t bring 7- The lecturer last night didn’t know what he was talking about, but if Dr Mason………, I would have listened carefully A- had been lecturing B- was lecturing C- would lecture D- lectured 8- If you………to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now A- listen B- will listen C- had listened D- listened 9- ………… interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it A- Were I B- Should I C- I was D- If I am 10- If I………the same problems you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have A- have B- would have C- had had D- should have 11- I…………you sooner had someone told me you were in hospital A- would have visited B- visited C- had visited D- visit 12- ……….more help, I could call my neighbor A- Needed B- Should I need C- I have needed D- I should need 13- ……… then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years A- Had I known B- Did I know C- If I know D- If I would know 14- I didn’t know you were asleep Otherwise, I………… so much noise when I came in A- didn’t make B- wouldn’t have made c- won’t make D- don’t make 15- When I stopped talking, Sam finished my sentence for me as though he………… my mind A- would read D- had read C- reads D- can read 16- If you………., I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to watch TV, but I didn’t want to bother you STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM A- had studied B- studied hoc tieng anh online C- hadn’t been studying Ddidn’t study 17- I wish I……… you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself A- can lend B- could lend C- would lend D- will lend 18- “Are you lost?” – “I think so I wish we……… the map with us today.” A- were bringing B- brought C- had brought D- would bring 19- If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I………… in a bank A- work B- will work C- have worked D- would be working 20- What……… today if you hadn’t come here this weekend?” – “I guess I’d be putting on extra hours at my office.” A- did you - can you C- will you be doing D- would you be doing STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM Thì đơn Cách dùng đơn Thì đơn dùng để chi: 1001DETHI.COM Ví dụ Thói quen ngày - They drive to the office every day (Hằng ngày họ lái xe làm) - She doesn't come here very often ( Cô không đến thường xuyên.) - Do you usually have bacon and eggs for breakfast? ( Họ thường ăn sáng với bánh mì trứng phải không?) Sự việc hay thật hiển nhiên - We have two children ( Chúng có đứa con.) - Water freezes at 0° C or 32° F ( Nước đóng băng 0° C 32° F.) - What does this expression mean? ( Cụm từ có nghĩa gì?) Sự việc xảy tương lai theo thời gian biểu hay lịch trình - Christmas Day falls on a Monday this year ( Năm giáng sinh rơi vào ngày thứ Hai.) - The plane leaves at 5.00 tomorrow morning ( Máy bay cất cánh vào lúc sáng ngày mai ) - Ramadan doesn't start for another weeks ( Ramadan không bắt đầu tuần tới ) Suy nghĩ cảm xúc thời điểm nói (Tuy suy nghĩ cảm xúc - They don't ever agree with us ( Họ mang tính thời không kéo dài chưa đồng ý với chúng ta.) dùng đơn không dùng tiếp diễn ) Cấu trúc đơn Câu khẳng đinh S + V + (O) Nếu chủ ngữ của câu thuộc thứ số thêm 's' hay 'es' vào sau động từ Câu phủ định - (Từ để hỏi +) Do/does + S + V + (O)? - S + not/don't + V - (Từ để hỏi +) + (O) Don't/doesn't + S + V + - S + does not/doen't + (O)? V + (O) - (Từ để hỏi +) Do/does S + not + V + (O)? Ví dụ: Ví dụ: They drive to the office every day Water freezes at 0° C or 32° F Thì tiếp diễn Cách dùng tiếp diễn Thì tiếp diễn dùng để: Câu nghi vấn Ví dụ: They don't ever agree with us She doesn't want you to it Ví dụ Do you understand what I am trying to say? What does this expression mean? STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM Thì tiếp diễn tả hành động diễn kéo dài dài thời gian Ex: The children are playing football now Thì thường sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh Ex: Look! the child is crying Thì diễn tả hành động xảy lặp lặp lại dùng với phó từ ALWAYS : Ex : He is always borrowing our books and then he doesn't remember Thì dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ( Ex: He is coming tomrow tương lai gần) Không dùng với động từ nhận thức chi giác : to be, see, hear, understand, know, like , want , glance, feel, Ex: I am tired now think, smell, love hate, realize, seem, remmber, forget, Cấu trúc câu sử dụng tiếp diễn Câu khẳng định Câu phủ định Câu nghi vấn S + be (am/is/are) + V-ing + (O) - S + be-not + V-ing + (O) - (Từ để hỏi) + Be + S + Ving + (O)? Ví dụ: He's thinking about leaving his job Ví dụ: I'm not looking My eyes are closed tightly Ví dụ: Who is Kate talking to on the phone? Thì khứ đơn Cách sử dụng khứ đơn Thì khứ đơn Ví dụ dùng để Sự việc diễn thời gian cụ thể khứ kết thúc Sự việc diễn khoảng thời gian khứ kết thúc Các cụm từ thường dùng với khứ đơn She came back last Friday ( Cô trở lại từ thứ Sáu tuần trước.) I saw her in the street ( Tôi gặp cô đường.) They didn't agree to the deal (Họ không đồng ý giao dịch ) She lived in Tokyo for seven years ( Cô sống Tokyo năm ) They were in London from Monday to Thursday of last week (Tuần vừa họ London từ thứ Hai đến thứ Năm ) When I was living in New York, I went to all the art exhibitions I could ( Lúc sống New York, xem tất triển lãm nghệ thuật mà ) Yesterday (two days, three weeks) ago last (year, month, week) in (2002, June) from (March) to (June) in the (2000, 1980s) in the last century in the past Cấu trúc khứ đơn STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM A will not put B would put C wouldn’t have put D put If I ready when he called, he would have taken me with him A were B be C am D had been Unless you at the engine for a moment, you would have seen what was missing A hadn’t looked B didn’t look C look D looked Daisy _ by her enemies or the geese had cackled so loudly A would have been captured B wouldn’t have been captured C will have been captured D won’t have been captured He would have been arrested by the policemen or he to leave the country A doesn’t try B tries C had tried D hadn’t tried I _ a taxi if I that it was a long way A will take/ realizes B would take/ doesn’t realize C wouldn’t have taken/ had realized D wouldn’t take/ realized 10 Unless you the examination, they _ a party for you A pass/ won’t celebrate B passed/ won’t celebrate C pass/ will celebrate D had passed/ would celebrate 11 I should have voted for her if I a vote then A didn’t have B had C had had D have 12 If you go to Paris, where _? A will you stay B you stayed C did you stay D had you stayed 13 The flight may be cancelled unless the fog thick A got B gets C didn’t get D doesn’t get 14 If you the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong questions A read B had read C reads D to read 15 I could repair the roofs myself if I a long ladder A have B had C has D had had 16 Unless they turn that radio off, I mad A go B went C will go D had gone 17 We’ll have a long way to walk if we out of petrol here A got B get C didn’t get D don’t get 18 If you shake the bottle of port- a kind of vine, it fit to drink A were not B is C won’t be D would be 19 I’ll probably get lost or he _with me A goes B went C had gone D doesn’t go 20 You many accidents or you drove extremely slowly A will get B got C wouldn’t get D would get Exercise 9: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences You’ll get pneumonia if you _your wet clothes A change B don’t change C changed D hadn’t changed If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus, I it for our meal A wouldn’t buy B won’t buy C wouldn’t have bought D would buy She able to walk faster if her shoes didn’t have such high heels A could be B couldn’t be C were D had been If you had touched that electric cable you electrocuted A am B be C were D had been I _things on the installment system if I were you STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM A wouldn’t buy B wouldn’t have bought C won’t buy D don’t buy If anyone attacked me, my dear dog at his throat A would bite B will bite C bit D had bitten The ship wouldn’t have run around unless the pilot such a serious mistake A make B made C makes D had made I shouldn’t have taken your umbrella if I _ that it was the only one you had A know B had known C knew D knows Had I known that you were in hospital, I you A would visit B will visit C would have visited D visit 10 You would make better progress unless you class regularly A attend B attended C don’t attend D didn’t attend 11 If you _ ten minutes earlier, you would have a seat in the auditorium A arrive B arrived C had arrived D arrives 12 If he _ hard, he the coming exam A studied/ would pass B doesn’t study/ will surely pass C studies/ can pass D hadn’t studied/ wouldn’t have passed 13 If she asked you for help, _? A would you accept B you accept C will you accept D you accept 14 Rice plants in Vietnam well if there is enough rain A would grow B grew C will grow D would have grown 15 She or she may be late for the morning class A hurries B hurried C doesn’t hurry D didn’t hurry 16 If I again, I think that I would have won in the game A tried B hadn’t tried C had tried D didn’t try 17 Tell him to ring me at 6:00 p.m if you him A saw B see C sees D had seen 18 Water _downhill if there gravity A will run/ is not B would run/ weren’t C wouldn’t run/ were D will run/ had been 19 If you so fast, he might have understood what happened A hadn’t spoken B speak C spoke D don’t speak 20 If I _ the party last night, I _ tired now A hadn’t attended / wouldn’t be B didn’t attend / wouldn’t be C don’t attend / won’t be D hadn’t attended / won’t be Exercise 10: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences If I _ the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have A have B would have C had had D should have _ then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years A had I known B did I know C If I know D If I would know Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people the same language? A spoke B speak C had spoken D will speak If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, _ this incident again A I will never mention B I never mention C will I never mention D I don’t mention STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM I didn’t know you were asleep Otherwise, I so much noise when I came in A didn’t make B wouldn’t have made C won’t make D don’t make Unless you all of my questions, I can’t anything to help you A answered B answer C would answer D are answering Had you told me that this was going to happen, I it A would have never believed B don’t believe C hadn’t believed D can’t believe If Jake _ to go on the trip, would you have gone? A doesn’t agree B didn’t agree C hadn’t agree D wouldn’t agree I wish I _ you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself A can lend B would lend C could lend D will lend 10 If someone _ in to the store, smile and say, “May I help you?” A comes B came C would come D could come 11 “Here ‘s my phone number”.“Thanks I’ll give you a call if I some help tomorrow” A will need B need C would need D needed 12 If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I _ in a bank A work B will work C have worked D would be working 13 The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions _ improved A was B is C were D had been 14 If there the rice,the fields could have been more productive A had been enough water B were enough water C would be enough water D are enough water 15 The patient could not recover unless he an operation A had undergone B would undergo C underwent D was undergoing 16 If she him, she would be very happy A would meet B will meet C is meeting D met 17 If he a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post A had had B had C has D has had 18 If I had enough money, I abroad to improve my English A will go B would go C should go D should have go to 19 The bench would collapse if they _ on it A stood B stand C standing D stands 20 If it convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight A be B is C was D were Exercise 11: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences “Would you mind if we you by your first name?” -“Not at all Please call me Tom.” A called B call C calling D want to call She can’t get home she has no money A unless B if C until D without If I had known your new address, we to see you A came B will come C would come D would have come If we took the 10:30 train, too early A we would arrive B we should arrive C we will arrive It’s very crowded here I wish there so many people A aren’t B weren’t C haven’t been I wouldn’t go there at night if I you A am B was C were D we may arrive D isn’t D had been STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM If I get a pole, I’ll go fishing A can B could C may D might If they had enough time, they head south A will B can C must D might If you a choice, which country would you visit? A have B had C have had D will have 10 Trees won’t grow there is enough water A if B when C unless D as 11 she agreed, you would have done it A If B Had C Should D Would 12 If you to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field A want B wanted C had wanted D wants 13 If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy saved A might be B have been C was D might have been 14 If there enough water, the rice fields could have been more productive A had been B were C would be D are 15 The patient could not recover unless he an operation [undergo: pass through] A had undergone B would undergo C underwent D was undergoing 16 If she him, she would be very happy A would meet B will meet C is meeting D should meet 17 If he a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post A had had B had C has D has had 18 If I had enough money, I abroad to improve my English A will go B would go C should go D should have to go 19 If it convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight A be B is C was D were 20 If you time, please write to me A have B had C have had D has Exercise 12: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences If it tomorrow, we may postpone going on a picnic A rains B will rain C shall rain D raining If you hadn’t watched that late mivie last night, you sleepy now A wouldn’t have been B wouldn’t be C might have not been D wouldn’t have been being If you as I told you, you sorry now A did- would not be B had done- had not been C – would not be D had done – would not be If only I him now A see B saw C have seen D seen If I , I’ll let you know A am staying B will stay C stay D would stay If only I you wanted to invest money in business A had known B knew C have known D know Linda wishes she her car A hasn’t sold B hadn’t sold C doesn’t sell D won’t sell He looked frightened as if he a ghost A had seen B saw C would see D was seeing I wish it a holiday today A were B will be C is D had been STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM 10 “My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus.” -“ , we would have picked you up.” A Had we known B If we have known C We had known D If we did know 11 If I as young as you are, I in a boat round the world A were- would sail B would be – would sail C were- will sail D would- would sail 12 If he tickets yesterday, he on the beach now A had booked- would be lying B had booked- would have lied C booked – would lie D books- will lie If you less last night, you so bad today A had drunk- would not have felt B drank- would not feel C had drunk- would not feel D would have drunk- would not feel 13 It seemed as if he of it before A would never hear B has never heard C never heard D had never heard 14 today, she would get home by Friday A Would she leave B Was she leaving C Were she to leave D If she leaves 15 “He’s a very brave man.” “Yes, I wish I his courage.” A have B had C will have D would have 16 he hard last year, he would have lost the first prize A Hadn’t – studied B Had- studied C Didn’t study D If – had studied 17 We’re going to be late if right now A we not leave B we didn’t leave C we won’t leave D we don’t leave 18 “I wish this city so noisy.” “I know I wish we in the countryside.” A isn’t – live B wasn’t – live C weren’t- live D weren’t – lived 19 He acted as though he for days A not eat B hasn’t eaten C hadn’t eaten D didn’t eat 20 We the game if we’d had a few more minutes A might have won B won C had won D will win Exercise 13: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences I William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other A hadn’t brought B didn’t bring C wouldn’t have brought D won’t bring If you to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now A listen B will listen C had listened D listened interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it A Were I B Should I C I was D If I am I you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital A would have visited B visited C had visited D visit then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years A Had I known B Did I know C If I know D If I would know Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people the same language? A spoke B speak C had spoken D will speak Unless you all of my questions, I can’t anything to help you A answered B answer C would answer D are answering Had you told me that this was going to happen, I it A would never have believed B don’t believe C hadn’t believed D can’t believe STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM If Jake to go on the trip, would you have gone? A doesn’t agree B didn’t agree C hadn’t agreed D wouldn’t agree 10 You are late If you a few minutes earlier, you him A came / would meet B had come / would have met C come / will meet D had come / would meet 11 I’d gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I time A had had B have had C had D would have had 12 What would you if you a million pounds? A won B win C will win D had won 13 If you didn’t this, you punished A are B will be C should D would be 14 If he had told me the truth, I him A would have not punished B would not have punished C would not punish D will not punish 15 If they had not given me advice, I again A would have failed B would fail C would have been failed D wouldn’t fail 16 If it , the match will be postponed A rains B has rained C is raining D will rain 17 Bill more photographs if he more film A would have taken / had had B would have taken / had C would take / has had D would take / had had 18 If there no floods last year, the crop better A had been / would have been B were / would be C had / would have been D was / would have been 19 Had you told me that this was going to happen, I it A would never have believed B don’t believe C hadn’t believed D can’t believe 20 If I you, I’d get some rest before the game tomorrow A were B could be C am D had been Exercise 14: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences If someone into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?” A comes B came C come D could come If I had a chance to creative work, I happy working in an office A would be B will be C would have D will feel you, I’d think twice about that decision A Were I B If I had been C Should I be D If I am If they soon, I’m not going to wait A don’t come B won’t come C hadn’t come D didn’t come If I hungry, I something But I am not hungry now A were / would eat B had been / would have eaten C had been / would eat D were / would have eaten You won’t pass the examination you study more A unless B as C if D whether I’m playing tennis tomorrow it’s raining A unless B if C as long as D provided Tell him to ring me if you him A see B saw C have seen D had seen Unless she , she’ll be late STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM A hurries B didn’t hurry C hurried D doesn’t hurry 10 Would George be angry if I his bicycle without asking? A took B take C had taken D would take 11 I you a postcard while I was on holiday if I your address A would have sent / had had B would have sent / had C would send / had D would send / had had 12 I’d have visited you if I you in hospital A had known / were B have known / were C had known / are D knew / had been 13 still my friend if I were put in prison? A Would you be B Will you be C Would you D Would you are 14 If anybody a , please ask me after class A has B have C don’t have D doesn’t have 15 If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I in a bank A would be working B will work C have worked D work 16 “Can I borrow your car for this evening?” “Sure, but Nora’s using it right now If she it back in time, you’re welcome to borrow it.” A brings B would bring C will bring D brought 17 We’re going to lose this game the team doesn’t start playing better soon A if B unless C although D whereas 18 If I somebody else, I’d like to be a film star A could be B would be C become D must be 19 What if they tomorrow? A will you / don’t come B would you / don’t come C would you have done / won’t come D you / won’t come 20 He said, “ watch TV all the evening if you wish.” A You may B You have to C You need to D You should Exercise 15: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences If he , please tell me A comes B won’t come C will come D come If the earth move around the sun, everything floated A didn’t / would be B doesn’t / would be C didn’t / will be D don’t / would be If I that you were in hospital, I A had known / would have visited B had known / would visit C knew / would visit D knew / would have visited If he had taken my advice, he a rich man now A would be B would have been C had been D were Unless you smoking, you better A stop / won’t feel B stop / will feel C stopped / will feel D stopped / would feel It is a beautiful house, and I it if I enough money, but I cannot afford it A would buy / had B will buy / have C would have bought / had had D shall buy / have If you are right, I … wrong A am B will be C would be D would have been If I to the party last night, I tired now A had gone / would be B had gone / would have been STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM C went / would be D went / would have been Joe can’t hear you shout A unless B if C providing D whether 10 You can use my car .you drive carefully A as long as B whether C until D unless 11 You can smoke here .you leave a windowopen to let the smoke out A as long as B whether C unless D until 12 George won’t lend you any money .you promise to pay him back A unless B providing C if D as long as 13 I’m going now you want me to stay A unless B providing C provided D as long as 14 He said, “ watch TV all the evening if you wish.” A You may B You have to C You need to D You should 15 immediately, I will call a policeman A Unless you leave B If you leave C If you didn’t leave D Unless you left 16 If Jake to go on the trip, would you have gone? A hadn’t agreed B didn’t agree C doesn’t agree 17 He would be happy if he here now A were B already C would be 18 If I could speak Spanish, I next year studying in Mexico A would spend B would have spent C had spent 19 If the weather fine, we will start early A is B be C was 20 If she doesn’t come tonight, We _ for her A don’t wait B wouldn’t wait C won’t wait waited D wouldn’t agree D be D will spend D will be D wouldn’t have Câu điều kiện Các trợ động từ hình thái will, would, can, could thường xuất câu điều kiện Các câu điều kiện thường chứa từ if (nếu) Có hai loại câu điều kiện điều kiện có thực điều kiện thực Điều kiện thực (điều kiện có thực hay điều kiện dạng I) Câu điều kiện có thực câu mà người nói dùng để diễn đạt hành động tình thường xảy (thói quen) xảy (trong tương lai) điều kiện mệnh thoả mãn Nếu nói tương lai, dạng câu sử dụng nói đến điều kiện thực xảy TƯƠNG LAI (FUTURE ACTION) if+ S+ simple present tense… + simple future tense… If he tries much more, he will improve his English If I have money, I will buy a new car THÓI QUEN (HABITUAL) if + S + simple present tense … + simple present tense … If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits every patiens in the affternoon I usually walk to school if I have enough time MỆNH LỆNH (COMMAND) If + S + simple present tense … + command form STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM of verb + … If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me Please call me if you hear anything from Jane Điều kiện thực (điều kiện thực hay điều kiện dạng II, III) Câu điều kiện thực dùng để diễn tả hành động trạng thái xảy xảy tình đặt câu khác với thực tế xảy xảy Câu điều kiện thực thường gây nhầm lẫn thực kiện mà câu thể lại trái ngược với cách thể câu: động từ câu khẳng định ý nghĩa thực câu lại phủ định ngược lại If I were rich, I would travel around the world (I am not rich) (I’m not going to travel around the world) If I hadn’t been in a hurry, I wouldn’t have had an accident (I was in a hurry) (I had an accident) 2.1 Điều kiện thực (dạng II) PRESENT OR FUTURE TIME If+ past perfect tense… + would/could+Vinf+… If I had enough money now, I would buy a tourist trip to the moon He would tell you about it if he were here If he didn’t speak so quickly, you could understand him (He speaks very quicky) (You can’t understand him) Động từ to be phải chia were tất If I were you, I wouldn’t go to that movie 2.2 Điều kiện thực khứ (dạng III) PAST TIME If+ past perfect tense… + would have + V3/Ved… If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter (We didn’t know …) (We didn’t write you a letter) If we hadn’t lost our way, we would have arrived sooner If he had studied harder for that test, he would have passed it Chú ý thể điều kiện thực mà không dùng if Trong trường hợp đó, trợ động từ had đưa lên đầu câu, đứng trước chủ ngữ Mệnh đề điều kiện đứng trước mệnh đề Had we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter Had he studied harder for the test, he would have passed it Lưu ý: Câu điều kiện lúc tuân theo qui luật Trong số trường hợp đặc biệt, vế điều kiện khứ vế lại (do thời gian qui định) If she had caught the train, she would be here by now 3.3 Cách sử dụng will, would, could, should số trường hợp khác Thông thường trợ động từ không sử dụng với if mệnh đề điều kiện câu điều kiện, nhiên có số ngoại lệ sau: • If you (will/would): Nếu … vui lòng Thường dùng yêu cầu lịch Would lịch will If you will/would wait for a moment, I will go and see if Mr Conner is here • If + Subject + Will/Would: Nếu … chịu Để diễn đạt ý tự nguyện If he will listen to me, I can help him Will dùng theo mẫu câu để diễn đạt ngoan cố: Nếu … STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM định, Nếu … If you will turn on the music loudly so late tonight, no wonder why your neighbours complain • If you could: Xin vui lòng Diễn đạt lịch yêu cầu mà người nói cho người đồng ý lẽ đương nhiên If you could open your book, please • If + Subject + should + … + command: Ví Diễn đạt tình dù xảy song khó If you should find any difficulty in using that TV, please call me Có thể đảo should lên chủ ngữ bỏ if Should you find any difficulty in using that TV, please call me 13.4 Cách sử dụng if số trường hợp khác • If… then: Nếu… If she can’t come to us, then we will have to go and see her • If dùng dạng câu suy diễn logic (không phải câu điều kiện): Động từ mệnh đề diễn biến bình thường theo thời gian If you want to learn a musical instrument, you have to practice If you did not much maths at school, you will find economics difficult to understand If that was Marry, why didn’t she stop and say hello • If… should = If… happen to… = If… should happen to… diễn đạt không chắn (Xem thêm phần sử dụng should trên) If you should happen to pass a supermarket, perhaps you could get some eggs (Ngộ nhỡ mà anh có tình cờ ghé qua chợ có lẽ mua cho em trứng) • If was/were to… Diễn đạt điều kiện thật tưởng tượng Nó gần giống câu điều kiện thật If our boss was/were to come in now (= if the boss came in now), we would be in real trouble What would we if I was/were to lose my job Hoặc diễn đạt ý lịch đưa đề nghị If you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down (Nếu anh vui lòng dịch ghế anh chút ngồi được) Note: Cấu trúc tuyệt đối không dùng với động từ tĩnh trạng thái tư Correct: If I knew her name, I would tell you Incorrect: If I was/were to know… • If it + to be + not + for: Nếu không vì, không nhờ vào Thời tại: If it wasn’t/weren’t for the children, that couple wouldn’t have any thing to talk about (Nếu không đứa vợ chồng nhà chả có chuyện mà nói) Thời khứ: If it hadn’t been for your help, I don’t know what to (Nếu không nhờ vào giúp đỡ anh phải làm đây) Có thể đảo lại: Had it not been for your help, I don’t know what to to • Not thêm vào động từ sau if để bày tỏ nghi ngờ, STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM không chắn (Có nên … Hay không …) I wonder if we shouldn’t ask the doctor to look at Mary • It would… if + subject + would… (sẽ là… – không dùng văn viết) It would be better if they would tell every body in advance (Sẽ tốt họ kể cho người từ trước) How would we feel if this would happen to our family (Ta cảm thấy điều xảy gia đình chúng ta.) • If…’d have…’d have: Dùng văn nói, không dùng văn viết, diễn đạt điều kiện xảy khứ If I’d have known, I’d have told you If she’d have recognized him it would have been funny • If + preposition + noun/verb… (subject + be bị lược bỏ) If in doubt, ask for help (= If you are in doubt, …) If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good nights sleep (= If you are about to go on… ) • If dùng với số từ any/anything/ever/not để diễn đạt phủ định - There is little if any good evidence for flying saucers (There is little evidence, if there is any at all, for flying saucers) (Có chứng đĩa bay, có thực) - I’m not angry If anything, I feel a little surprised (Tôi không giận đâu Mà có cảm thấy ngạc nhiên) Cách nói diễn đạt ý kiến ướm thử: Nếu có… - I’d say he was more like a father, if anything (Tôi xin nói ông người cha, nói thế.) - He seldom if ever travel abroad (Anh ta chả nước ngoài) - Usually, if not always, we write “cannot” as one word (Thông thường, luôn… ) • If + Adjective = although (cho dù là): Nghĩa không mạnh although Dùng để diễn đạt quan điểm riêng vấn đề không quan trọng - His style, if simple, is pleasant to read (Văn phong ông ta, cho dù đơn giản, đọc thú) - The profits, if little lower than last year’s, are still extremely wealthy (Lợi nhuận, cho dù có thấp năm qua chút, lớn.) Cấu trúc thay may…, but His style may be simple, but it is pleasant to read 3.5 Cách sử dụng Hope Wish Hai động từ nghĩa khác cách sử dụng ngữ pháp Hope dùng để diễn đạt hành động tình xảy xảy ra, wish dùng để diễn đạt điều chắn không xảy chắn không xảy Thời mệnh đề sau hope (hi vọng rằng) thời Thời mệnh đề sau wish bắt buộc không thời We hope that they will come (We don’t know if they are coming or not) We wish that they could come (We know they can’t come) We hope that he came there yesterday (We don’t know if he came there or not.) We wish that he had come there yesterday (He didn’t come) 3.5.1 Wish tương lai: S + wish + (that) + S + simple future tense… That tuỳ chọn (có không có) Hai chủ ngữ (S) giống khác STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM We wish that you could come to the party tonight (We known you can’t come) 13.5.2 Wish S + wish + (that) + S + simple past tense … Động từ mệnh đề sau wish chia Simple past, to be phải chia were tất I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework 3.5.3 Wish khứ S + wish + (that) + S + past perfect tense… Động từ mệnh đề wish chia Past perfect could have + P2 I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday She wishes that she could have been there Lưu ý 1: Động từ mệnh đề sau wish bắt buộc phải dạng điều kiện thực điều kiện thời lại phụ thuộc vào thời gian thân mệnh đề không phụ thuộc vào thời wish She wishes that she could have gone earlier yesterday.(Past) He wished that he would come to visit me next week.(Future) The photographer wished we stood clother than we are standing now (Present) Lưu ý 2: Cần phân biệt wish (ước gì/ mong gì) với wish mang nghĩa “chúc” mẫu câu: to wish sb smt I wish you a happy birthday Lưu ý 3: phân biệt với wish mang nghĩa “muốn”: wish to smt (Muốn làm gì) Why you wish to see the manager I wish to make a complaint To wish smb to smt (Muốn làm gì) The government does not wish Dr.Jekyll Hyde to accept a professorship at a foreign university 3.6 Cách sử dụng as if, as though (cứ là, thể là) Mệnh đề đằng sau hai thành ngữ dạng điều kiện thực Có hai trường hợp: 3.6.1 Ở thời tại: Nếu động từ mệnh đề trước chia thời đơn giản động từ mệnh đề sau chia khứ đơn giản To be phải chia were tất The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer (Bà cụ ăn mặc mùa đông) (It is not winter now) He acts as though he were rich (Anh ta làm thể giàu có lắm) (He is not rich infact) He talks as if he knew everything in the world 3.6.2 Thời khứ: Nếu động từ mệnh đề trước chia khứ đơn giản động từ mệnh đề sau chia khứ hoàn thành Jeff looked as though he had seen a ghost (Trông Jeff thể vừa gặp ma) (He didn’t see a ghost) She talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize Lưu ý: Mệnh đề sau as if, as though lúc tuân theo qui luật Trong số trường hợp, điều kiện câu có thật theo quan niệm người nói, người viết có thật hai công thức không sử STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM dụng Động từ mệnh đề sau chúng diễn biến bình thường theo mối quan hệ với động từ mệnh đề He looks as if he has finished the test 3.7 Cách sử dụng used to, (to be/get) used to 3.7.1 Used to + Verb: Chỉ thói quen, hành động thường xuyên xảy khứ S + used to + [verb in simple form] … When David was young, he used to swim once a day - Nghi vấn: Did + S + use to + verb in simple form Did David use to swim once a day when he was young? - Phủ định: S + didn’t + use to + verb in simple form David didn’t use to swim once a day when he was young 3.7.2 To be/ to get used to + V-ing/ Noun: Trở nên quen với He is used to swimming every day He got used to American food Lưu ý 1: Used to luôn dạng vậy, không thay đổi theo số, theo chủ ngữ Không thay use to Lưu ý 2: Có khác nghĩa used to, be used to get used to • used to: thói quen, hành động thường xuyên khứ (past time habit): The program director used to write his own letter • be used to: quen với việc … (be accustomed to) I am used to eating at 7:00 PM • get used to: trở nên quen với việc … (become accustomed to) We got used to cooking our own food when we had to live alone Lưu ý 3: Có thể dùng would thay cho used to mà ý nghĩa ngữ pháp không đổi When David was young, he would swim once a day 3.8 Cách sử dụng would rather would rather … than có nghĩa giống prefer … to (thích hơn) ngữ pháp lại không giống Đằng sau would rather bắt buộc phải động từ nguyên thể to sau prefer V-ing danh từ Khi so sánh hai vế, would rather dùng với than prefer dùng với to We would rather die in freedom than live in slavery I would rather drink Coca than Pepsi I prefer drinking Coca to drinking Pepsi I prefer Coca to Pepsi Cách sử dụng would rather phụ thuộc vào số lượng chủ ngữ câu thời câu 3.8.1 Loại câu có chủ ngữ Loại câu dùng would rather … (than) loại câu diễn tả mong muốn hay ước muốn người chia làm thời: 3.8.1.1 Thời tại: Sau would rather nguyên thể bỏ to Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not trước nguyên thể bỏ to S + would rather + [verb in simple form] … STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM Jim would rather go to class tomorrow than today Jim would rather not go to class tomorrow 3.8.1.2 Thời khứ: Động từ sau would rather phải have + P2, muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not trước have S + would rather + have + [verb in past participle] Jim would rather have gone to class yesterday than today Jim would rather not have gone to the class yesterday 3.8.2 Loại câu có hai chủ ngữ Loại câu dùng would rather that (ước gì, mong gì) dùng số trường hợp sau: 3.8.2.1 Câu cầu kiến (present subjunctive): Là loại câu người thứ muốn người thứ hai làm việc (nhưng làm hay không phụ thuộc vào người thứ hai) Xem thêm câu cầu khiến phần sau Trong trường hợp động từ mệng đề hai để dạng nguyên thể bỏ to Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not trước nguyên thể bỏ to S1 + would rather that + S2 + [verb in simple form] … I would rather that you call me tomorrow He would rather that I not take this train Ngữ pháp nói ngày đặc biệt ngữ pháp Mỹ cho phép bỏ that cấu trúc mà giữ nguyên hình thức giả định 3.8.2.2 Câu giả định đối lập với thực tế Động từ sau chủ ngữ hai chia simple past, to be phải chia were tất S1 + would rather that + S2 + [verb in simple past tense] … Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does (His girlfriend does not work in the same department) Jane would rather that it were winter now (Infact, it is not winter now) Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định dùng didn’t + verb were not sau chủ ngữ hai Henry would rather that his girlfriend didn’t work in the same department as he does Jane would rather that it were not winter now 3.8.2.3 Câu giả định trái ngược với thực tế khứ Động từ sau chủ ngữ hai chia dạng past perfect Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định dùng hadn’t + P2 S1 + would rather that + S2 + past perfect … Bob would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday (Jill did not go to class yesterday) Bill would rather that his wife hadn’t divorced him STARTERS-MOVERS-FLYERS.COM 1001DETHI.COM Lưu ý: Trong văn nói bình thường hàng ngày người ta dùng wish thay cho would rather that ... to be, see, hear, understand, know, like , want , glance, feel, Ex: I am tired now think, smell, love hate, realize, seem, remmber, forget, Cấu trúc câu sử dụng tiếp diễn Câu khẳng định Câu phủ... trúc câu điều kiện loại If + S + had + P.P (quá khứ phân từ ), S + would + have + P.P - Trong câu điều kiện loại III, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia khứ phân t , động từ mệnh đề chia điều kiện. .. nóng nước đ , chảy ra.) o If we are cold, we shiver (Nếu bị lạnh, run lên.) Câu điều kiện Hỗn hợp: Trong tiếng Anh có nhiều cách khác dùng diễn tả điều kiện mệnh đề điều kiện với "If" Ngoài loại