MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF ARGICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT THUY LOI UNIVERSITY - VU VAN LAN STUDY ON INUNDATION DUE TO STORM SURGE FOR PHU QUOC ISLANDS THESIS OF MASTER DEGREE HÀ N I, 2016 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF ARGICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT THUY LOI UNIVERSITY - VU VAN LAN STUDY ON INUNDATION DUE TO STORM SURGE FOR PHU QUOC ISLANDS Major: Coastal Engineering and Management No: Supervisor: Ass Prof PhD Vu Minh Cat HA NOI, 2016 Declaration I hereby certify the work which is being presented in this thesis entitled, “Study on storm surge due to inundated for Phu Quoc island” in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Master of Coastal Engineering Management, is an authentic record of my own work carried out under supervision of Ass Prof PhD Vu Minh Cat The matter embodied in this thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree or diploma Date: May 30, 2016 Vu Van Lan Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Ass Prof PhD Vu Minh Cat for his guidance, suggestion and inspiration I would like to acknowledge Ass Prof PhD Nghiem Tien Lam for his comments and suggestion I also want to show deep thanks to Ass Prof PhD Tran Thanh Tung who is main co-ordinator, making value contributions to success in Master course In addition, please allow me to send my bestgratitude to the KC09.16/11-15 subject, which support a lot of valuable data for my thesis I would like to thank faculty of Marine and Coastal Engineering of Thuy Loi University and Faculty Marine Science & Island, Ha Noi University for Natural Resources and Environment for enabling me thesis before the deadline Finally, I would like to express my special appreciation to my friends and colleagues for their support, encourage and advices The deepest thanks are expressed to my family member for their unconditional loves TABLE OF CONTENS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES INTRODUCTION 10 The necessity of the study .10 Objectives 11 Objects and scope of the study 11 Study approaches and methodology 11 Structure of the thesis 13 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEWS ON STORM SURGE STUDY AND STUDY AREA 14 1.1 Literature reviews 16 1.1.1 International researches on storm surges .16 1.1.2 Storm surge researches in Viet Nam .20 1.2 Brief description on study area 21 1.2.1.Natural conditions 21 1.2.2 Climatic and oceanographic characteristics 24 1.2.3 Hydrological and oceanographic characteristics 25 1.2.4 Social and economic features 27 CHAPTER 2: APPLICATION OF DELFT3D TO STUDY STORM SURGE 29 2.1 Data used for the simulation .29 2.1.1 Statistical typhoon data 29 2.1.2 Water level 36 2.1.3 On land and seabed topography 36 2.2 Model description 36 2.2.1 Hydrodynamic Model 36 2.2.2 Typhoon model 43 2.3 Set up the hydrodynamic model 50 2.3.1 Computational grid 50 2.3.2 Topography 51 2.3.3 Boundary conditions 52 2.3.4 Other parameters 53 2.4 Model calibration 53 CHAPTER 3: SIMULATION OF STORM SURGE IN PHU QUOC ISLANDS .59 3.1 Typhoon zoning along the coastlines of Viet Nam 59 3.2 Generation of typhoon scenarios for Phu Quoc areas 62 3.3 Extraction of water level around Phu Quoc islands 62 3.3 Simulated results 63 3.3.1 Scenario 1: Simulation of typhoon namely Linda (later it is called Linda typhoon) that approached to the study area in November, 1997 63 3.3.2 Scenario 2: Scenario in case of the typhoon Linda coming at the same time of flood tide at the study area 66 3.3.3 Scenario 3: Simulation of typhoons according scenarios approved by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE), but wind velocity changes with the time V= f (t) .69 CHAPTER IV: BUILDING INUNDATED MAPS CAUSED BY STORM SURGE FOR PHU QUOC ISLANDS 72 4.1 Introduction on application of GIS .72 4.2 Application of ArcGIS software to build up inundated map 74 4.2.1.Topographic data 75 4.2.2 Hydrologic data 77 4.3 Building up inundation maps 78 4.3.1 The inundation map of scenario 78 4.3.1 The inundation map of scenario 82 4.3.2 Inundation of Phu Quoc island according scenario 03 85 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 89 Conclusion 89 Recommendation .90 References .92 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Flowchart to illustrate the study approach 12 Figure Comparison of the calculated results top, legs and wave height of Boussinesq 1D model with experimental data of Bowen (1986) 18 Figure Location of Phu Quoc islands on satellite image 22 Figure Statistical storm paths approaching to Viet Nam coasts 29 Figure Grid calculated in the study area 51 Figure 6.Topography in Phu Quoc area 52 Figure 7.The model grid and boundaries 52 Figure Phu Quoc oceanographic station 55 Figure Observed and computed water level at Phu Quoc (C=55) 55 Figure 10 Observed and computed water level at Phu Quoc (C=60) 56 Figure 11 Observed and computed water level at Phu Quoc (C=65) 56 Figure 12 Observed and computed water levels for model verification 57 Figure 13 Observed and computed water levels in verification step 57 Figure 14.Typhoon zoning along the Vietnam coasts 60 Figure 15.Basic characteristics and storm risk in Viet Nam Coasts 61 Figure 16 Extracted points of simulated water level 63 Figure 17.The track of Linda typhoon in the study area 64 Figure 18.Water level field around Phu Quoc islands in scenario 65 Figure 19 Storm surge at points around islands in scenario 66 Figure 20.Tidal series at Phu Quoc during Linda typhoon 67 Figure 21 Storm surge at points around islands in scenario 68 Figure 22 Storm surge at points around islands in scenario 71 Figure 23.Topographic data layer of Phu Quoc island 75 Figure 24.Vegetation cover layer on the Phu Quoc island 76 Figure 25.Cadastral data layer of Phu Quoc island 76 Figure 26.Hydrological data layer around Phu Quoc island 77 Figure 27.Simulated water level and topography in coast of Duong Dong and Ham Ninh 78 Figure 28 Inundated mapping Phu Quoc with scenario 80 Figure 29 Inundation maps of the Cua Duong, Duong Dong, Duong To communes 81 Figure 30 Inundation mapping at the Ham Ninh commune 82 Figure 31 Inundated map in scenario 83 Figure 32 Inundated mapping of Duong To, Cua Duong and Duong ông communes 84 Figure 33 Inundated mapping of Duong To, Cua Duong and Duong ông communes 84 Figure 34.Spatial disribution of flooded areas in the Phu Quoc island in scenario 86 Figure 35 Inundated mapping of Duong Dong and Cua Duong commune 87 Figure 36.Inundated mapping of Ham Ninh commune 87 Figure 37 Inundated mapping of D 88 ng To commune LIST OF TABLES Table Coordinate of Phu Quoc area shown in map scale of 1/ 50.000 23 Table Monthly and yearly average temperature in Phu Quoc and Rach Gia (oC) 24 Table 3.Monthly and yearly average and minimum humidity (%) at Phu Quoc 24 Table 4.Monthly and yearly average and minimum humidity (%) at Phu Quoc 24 Table Monthly wind velocity and main direction at Phu Quoc 25 Table 6.The statistical result of wave height and its period at Phu Quoc .26 Table 7.Water level at Phu Quoc (103058 E – 10013 N) station (1990-2008) 27 Table Statistics on typhoon hitting to Phu Quoc and surrounding areas 30 Table Characteristics of typical typhoons approaching to the southern coasts 31 Table 10.Tidal constituents at boundaries 53 Table 11.Coefficient RMSE 56 Table 12.The locations where water level is extracted 62 Table 13.Linda typhoon’s parameters 63 Table 14.Highest storm surge and appearance time at the extracted points 65 Table 15.Adjustment of Linda typhoon time to fit to spring tide 67 Table 16.Highest water level and appearance time at points in scenario 68 Table 17.Typhoon parameters used to simulate in scenario 69 Table 18 Highest water level and appearance time at points in scenario .70 Table 19 The maximum storm surge at the point around Phu Quoc islands .71 Table 20.Clasification of inundated depth 78 Table 21 Flooded area for Phu Quoc island in scenario 81 Table 22 Flooded area for Phu Quoc island in scenario 85 Table 23 Flooded area of Phu Quoc island in scenario .87 INTRODUCTION The necessity of the study In recent years due to the impact of global climate change, natural disasters become more complex, especially storms, accompanied by rising sea levels caused flooding of coastal estuaries The sea level rise due to storm caused flooding of coastal areas and break dike, especially storm occur during high tides So the study, calculated and forecasting extreme storm surge in coastal area and flooding risk due to storm are positive tasks to find appropriate solutions for prevention and reduction of damages in coastal areas The components cause extreme water level during storm including tides, storm surge, and wave surge, in which the storm surge is an important one Storm surge is a dangerous natural phenomenon which causes lost lives, destruction of socio-economic infrastructures and valuable resources when typhoon attacking to coastal areas Worldwide, storm surge has caused major damages such as the typhoon in 1970 and 1990 with water surge more than m, generated large wave, inundated to delta of Bangladesh and over 400,000 people were killed On the Caribbean, highest water surge of typhoon Flora is meter, it had cause flood and over 5000 people were killed Coastal of the United States had been affected by historic storm surge of up to 7.4 m The countries on the Northern coasts of Europe had been affected serious of storm surge in 1916, 1953, 1962, 1976, in which the storm occurred in 1953 in Netherland caused large inundation and over 1400 people killed Storm surges may be defined as high sea water level above mean sea level which is caused by strong winds and low atmospheric pressures of a storm Winds which blow towards land exert a shearing stress on the surface, causes an increase in the sea water level near the coastlines Low atmospheric pressure also produces high elevation due to the so-called inverted barometer effect The highest surges have generated by strong tropical cyclones The surge belongs to the same class of phenomena as tide waves and tsunamis Its horizontal scale depends on the parameters of the storm In general, the storm surge occurs in duration of several hours, but it can sometimes last for a few days It is obvious that prediction of surges is a very urgent issue to be addressed, especially in coastal regions which are affected by tropical cyclones There have also been many 10 Figure 35 Inundated mapping of Duong Dong and Cua Duong commune Figure 36.Inundated mapping of Ham Ninh commune Table 23 Flooded area of Phu Quoc island in scenario Flood areas (Km2) District Commune 0-0.5m Phu Quoc Total 0.5 - 1.0 -1.5 1.5 - 2.0 2.0 -2.5 m m m m areas An Thoi 2.281 0.676 0.248 0.103 0.079 3.308 Bai Thom 6.102 0.250 0.188 0.087 0.104 6.627 Cua Can 2.324 1.027 0.858 0.939 0.183 5.148 Cua Duong 4.893 0.177 0.201 0 5.271 Duong To 8.854 1.703 0.454 0.320 0.267 11.331 Ham Ninh 4.360 1.458 0.409 0.276 0.114 6.503 Duong Dong 2.377 0.324 0.188 0.148 0.219 3.037 87 From table 24, we can see that Duong To and Ham Ninh communes are affected more seriously with flooded area of 11.331 km2 and 6.503 km2 The flooded area of Bai Thom and Cua Can is 6.627km2 and 5.148 km2 , Duong Dong has flood area is of 3.037 km2 From figure 34, one can see that inundated depth of more than m can be seen at Cua Can and Duong Dong communes Also in these areas, population density is rather dense and socio – economic activities are deeply developed That’s why if typhoon is comming with high water surge, then damages will be more serious In Ham Ninh commune, inundated depth can be up to level 3, but occurs only narrow strip of coastlines, but it is fishing port of the island with high degree of development and high population, so damages will be more serious Duong To is rather flat topography and coastlines extend both eastern and western coasts, so inundated depth can be 2m and also having largest value of inundated extent In combination with dense population and high economic development, Duong To will become area being the most affaction by storm surge Figure 37 Inundated mapping of D 88 ng To commune CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Conclusion In recent years, under the effect of the global climate change, natural disaster, specially typhoon and storm surge becomes complicated and caused serious damages to lives properties for coastal areas where subjected directly typhoon and storm surge The appearance of storm surge during the typhoon is one a reason to cause dike break and water overtopping and resulting inundation of land to coastal strip That’s why the study and simulation to quantify the magnitude and process of typhoon and storm surge with their affected parameters in certain coastal areas is very important It help to propose solutions to prevent and mitigate all socio-economic activities in coastal areas and also to make long term strategy for development In this study, Phu Quoc – an island district of Kien Giang province where is very important position in the south of our country in term of defense and security and potential development because of marine resources richness and favorite conditions for socio – economic development, especially in tourism, fishing, aquaculture and seafood processing is selected Based on data collection and investigation on natural conditions, marine resources and environment, socio – economic activities and hydro dynamic data, the following contents have been carried out + General description on natural conditions, climate and hydrodynamic regimes, island’s resources socio-economic development + Literature review on typhoon and storm surge have been done by foreign and Viet Nam authors + Presentation on the methods used to study and assess the storm surge due to typhoon and finally to select DELFT3D for this study in Phu Quoc island + After deciding the method used for study, the model domain is set up; Typhoon Linda approached in study area in 1997 was selected to study storm surge; calibration and verification to find the model parameters + Based on the typhoon scenarios built up by MoNRE and approved by Viet Nam government, scenarios is selected and the simulation to compute storm surge has been done according to typhoon’s scenarios 89 + selected scenarios are as following: (1) Scenario 1: Simulation of typhoon namely Linda that approached to the study area in November, 1997 (2) Scenario 2: Scenario in case of the typhoon Linda coming at the same time of flood tide at the study area (3) Scenario 3: Simulation of typhoons according scenarios approved by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE), but wind velocity changes with the time V= f (t) After having the results of simulated water level for all scenarios, ArcGIS software is used to compute inundated situation including inundated depth, spatial extent and its duration The risk assessment is carried out for all scenarios The results taken after the simulation can be summarized as following: + With the Linda typhoon attacking the Phu Quoc, storm surge seems to small and inundated is very small The damage happened in this typhoon caused mainly strong wind only + In second scenario, resultant water level is liter bit higher in southeast and east sides of islands belonging Ham Ninh and Bai Thom communes while western coasts is small affected by storm surge + In third scenario, resultant water level is much higher in second scenario occurring all around the island, but higher in the south both east and west coasts and gradually decreasing to the north at Bai Thom commune The combination between inundated depth and degree of development for each zone, it can see that Ham Ninh, An Thoi, Duong Dong and Duong To have high potential risk when typhoon coming to the Phu Quoc island Recommendation By statistics, the typhoon approaching to the study areas is rare, one for a year or/and one for every some years, so the selection of real typhoon in order to calibrate and verify is limited and scenarios is selected basing on decision of government Due to limited observation stations in Phu Quoc island and surrounding, so it is very difficult in calibration and verification to define the model parameters Due to the map scale, the inundated map is not in detail and inundated parameters such as spatial distribution of certain flooded depth, its extent and temporal distribution etc 90 That’s why above study gives general pictures of inundation and potential risk assessment I hope that these problem will be improved in further study 91 References [1] Atkinson, G a (1977) Tropical cyclone minimum sea level Monthly Weather Review, 421 -427 [2] Banton, J S (2002) Long term variability of hurricane trends and a Monte Carlo approach to design, International Conferenceon Coastal Engineering 2002 [3] Bowen, A J., Inman, D L., & Simmons, V P (1968) Wave 'SetDown' and SetUp Journal of Geophysical Research 73, 2569–2577 [4] Bretschneider (1959) Hurricane surge predictor for Chesapeake Bay Corps of engineers, 51 [5] Bui Xuan Thong, N V (2008) Ph ng 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Vietnam ’ s Coast van Dorn, W (1953) Wind stress on an artificial pond Journal of Marine Research, 249-276 [27] Y., Y C (1970) Statistical prediction of hurricane storm Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastal Engineering, 2011-2029 93 APPENDIXES Water level at the points around islands in scenario Time p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 p8 11/1/1997 0:00 -0.12661 -0.09236 -0.0864 -0.09822 -0.13841 0.041428 -0.04789 -0.07865 11/1/1997 1:00 -0.02031 -0.04948 -0.06051 -0.06974 -0.02487 -0.05327 -0.09414 -0.05407 11/1/1997 2:00 0.013106 0.022697 0.055335 0.026268 -0.01082 -0.08849 -0.06859 -0.01202 11/1/1997 3:00 -0.03447 -0.0425 -0.01933 -0.02711 -0.07006 -0.08998 -0.03745 0.034158 11/1/1997 4:00 -0.03942 -0.0795 -0.08613 -0.05896 -0.09913 -0.03916 0.052328 0.00717 11/1/1997 5:00 -0.04776 -0.04252 -0.0501 -0.06605 -0.10577 -0.02273 -0.04191 -0.02532 11/1/1997 6:00 -0.00325 -0.01967 -0.03625 -0.06547 -0.11443 -0.13196 -0.08944 -0.06593 11/1/1997 7:00 -0.12183 -0.11937 -0.13116 -0.1446 -0.16747 -0.10836 -0.09828 -0.09198 11/1/1997 8:00 -0.26919 -0.24737 -0.25536 -0.24149 -0.20881 -0.20792 -0.14582 -0.14512 11/1/1997 9:00 -0.27139 -0.27563 -0.25667 -0.26513 -0.26505 -0.24405 -0.27292 -0.27227 11/1/1997 10:00 -0.29385 -0.28784 -0.29069 -0.2849 -0.31056 -0.34545 -0.37095 -0.35751 11/1/1997 11:00 -0.3508 -0.34562 -0.3503 -0.34987 -0.39061 -0.35613 -0.37302 -0.39168 11/1/1997 12:00 -0.38484 -0.3832 -0.38904 -0.3652 -0.38295 -0.38736 -0.39512 -0.38693 11/1/1997 13:00 -0.30136 -0.30279 -0.30417 -0.30924 -0.35295 -0.34674 -0.38168 -0.38436 11/1/1997 14:00 -0.2478 -0.24695 -0.24139 -0.22867 -0.24853 -0.28921 -0.3393 -0.30657 11/1/1997 15:00 -0.18848 -0.19382 -0.19125 -0.18013 -0.17417 -0.18653 -0.21346 -0.21578 11/1/1997 16:00 -0.14429 -0.13789 -0.13259 -0.12241 -0.10142 -0.06712 -0.07652 -0.12134 11/1/1997 17:00 -0.03839 -0.03902 -0.04171 -0.03939 -0.00431 0.003313 -0.02097 -0.03159 11/1/1997 18:00 -0.02321 -0.01218 -0.0047 0.0001 0.031207 0.042212 0.031107 0.011471 11/1/1997 19:00 -0.03715 -0.02781 -0.02208 -0.00521 0.053167 0.062584 0.045474 0.019077 11/1/1997 20:00 -0.06318 -0.06532 -0.06106 -0.03547 0.03794 0.056133 0.04866 0.005269 11/1/1997 21:00 -0.04672 -0.04266 -0.04129 -0.04127 0.024257 0.000512 -0.01308 -0.02013 11/1/1997 22:00 -0.03833 -0.03919 -0.04403 -0.04211 -0.00318 -0.02125 -0.03896 -0.04817 11/1/1997 23:00 -0.06259 -0.0638 -0.07168 -0.07162 -0.04424 -0.03897 -0.04888 -0.05924 11/2/1997 0:00 -0.06689 -0.06448 -0.06439 -0.0712 -0.06144 -0.04181 -0.04944 -0.06065 11/2/1997 1:00 -0.01949 -0.02575 -0.02778 -0.04037 -0.05373 -0.0588 -0.06896 -0.05458 11/2/1997 2:00 0.003329 0.00336 -0.00166 -0.02085 -0.05078 -0.06394 -0.04584 -0.0196 11/2/1997 3:00 0.002334 0.004433 -0.00447 -0.02398 -0.05594 -0.05895 -0.01807 0.009099 11/2/1997 4:00 0.007297 0.000405 -0.00901 -0.03175 -0.05388 -0.04409 -0.00057 0.012091 11/2/1997 5:00 0.011397 0.006609 -0.00458 -0.03286 -0.07401 -0.0502 -0.0207 -0.00356 11/2/1997 6:00 -0.00095 -0.03547 -0.07611 -0.06593 -0.03671 -0.03343 -0.09082 -0.10558 11/2/1997 7:00 -0.04841 -0.17655 -0.23903 -0.10038 0.41823 0.401867 0.033083 -0.04448 11/2/1997 8:00 0.27264 0.206969 0.090118 0.019584 0.547708 0.63801 0.508756 0.433388 11/2/1997 9:00 0.302495 0.231834 0.135454 0.06213 0.640148 0.831362 0.807041 0.659636 11/2/1997 10:00 0.169063 0.093817 0.011677 -0.02881 0.700198 0.957771 0.950012 0.710532 11/2/1997 11:00 0.069206 0.027647 -0.0627 -0.0559 0.422379 0.73687 0.86797 0.675254 11/2/1997 12:00 0.027252 -0.03386 -0.11005 -0.16224 0.324502 0.530886 0.627837 0.556571 11/2/1997 13:00 0.041297 -0.03245 -0.07114 -0.12239 0.154412 0.286217 0.422916 0.38698 11/2/1997 14:00 -0.0273 -0.07467 -0.12106 -0.1439 0.073201 0.175742 0.246856 0.212638 11/2/1997 15:00 -0.01903 -0.05948 -0.09253 -0.10147 0.06296 0.122352 0.14229 0.09771 94 11/2/1997 16:00 0.043245 0.010081 -0.01623 -0.03739 0.069936 0.130446 0.104608 0.064799 11/2/1997 17:00 0.085464 0.064697 0.039146 0.02343 0.119482 0.155498 0.137277 0.116698 11/2/1997 18:00 0.096833 0.082901 0.067887 0.062961 0.171782 0.204741 0.199151 0.168795 11/2/1997 19:00 0.102797 0.090899 0.074377 0.077639 0.210375 0.240002 0.232213 0.184516 11/2/1997 20:00 0.137689 0.12126 0.09892 0.091755 0.246476 0.292855 0.261142 0.207304 11/2/1997 21:00 0.156137 0.13781 0.113719 0.103261 0.280368 0.324687 0.312553 0.257899 11/2/1997 22:00 0.166533 0.142525 0.111355 0.097927 0.295584 0.367135 0.36464 0.296931 11/2/1997 23:00 0.168539 0.143829 0.107342 0.088268 0.30588 0.396297 0.40446 0.323654 11/3/1997 0:00 0.19833 0.167368 0.124538 0.09639 0.318401 0.413599 0.430944 0.351812 0.3 0.23 0.14 0.1 0.7 0.96 0.95 0.71 Maximum Water level at the points around islands in scenario 11/2/1997 18:00 0 0 0 0 11/2/1997 19:00 0 0.000002 0 0 11/2/1997 20:00 -0.206775 -0.260573 -0.209233 -0.102455 0.045833 0.000008 -0.000045 -0.086341 11/2/1997 21:00 0.028599 0.021467 0.024248 0.018439 0.020958 0.052132 -0.085 -0.098428 11/2/1997 22:00 -0.011837 -0.01376 -0.009571 0.037828 0.062877 0.03752 0.022611 0.034187 11/2/1997 23:00 -0.033277 0.002913 -0.074828 -0.04696 0.052688 0.082274 0.098149 0.113916 11/3/1997 0:00 -0.070719 -0.030245 -0.021142 -0.027237 -0.023884 0.11238 0.057634 0.014806 11/3/1997 1:00 0.005204 -0.01378 -0.016528 -0.027648 0.019471 0.031351 -0.032876 -0.015271 11/3/1997 2:00 0.013134 0.021897 0.040333 0.036646 -0.001664 -0.07208 -0.050698 -0.014332 11/3/1997 3:00 -0.038535 -0.034159 -0.002997 -0.030802 -0.113453 -0.132294 -0.072284 -0.000147 11/3/1997 4:00 -0.021247 -0.062591 -0.062447 -0.040542 -0.096876 -0.06003 0.001654 -0.01918 11/3/1997 5:00 0.002007 0.007453 0.001651 -0.025316 -0.089588 -0.052395 -0.059218 -0.00826 11/3/1997 6:00 0.018633 -0.002118 -0.013609 -0.046144 -0.090437 -0.089 -0.035961 -0.017378 11/3/1997 7:00 -0.061861 -0.055714 -0.086066 -0.112913 -0.14128 -0.061614 -0.020466 -0.020413 11/3/1997 8:00 -0.205968 -0.183083 -0.196617 -0.202569 -0.182767 -0.178439 -0.086595 -0.070196 11/3/1997 9:00 -0.213307 -0.22227 -0.221601 -0.243755 -0.253485 -0.223896 -0.251167 -0.22955 11/3/1997 10:00 -0.309886 -0.307241 -0.298878 -0.29973 -0.347907 -0.359961 -0.358086 -0.344026 11/3/1997 11:00 -0.391116 -0.388745 -0.395012 -0.399524 -0.421236 -0.413731 -0.409016 -0.418142 11/3/1997 12:00 -0.438655 -0.435408 -0.439427 -0.418336 -0.455687 -0.471303 -0.467043 -0.45755 11/3/1997 13:00 -0.392617 -0.391224 -0.386791 -0.396038 -0.436344 -0.455942 -0.48493 -0.479633 11/3/1997 14:00 -0.367346 -0.370554 -0.366598 -0.344756 -0.363697 -0.406045 -0.449364 -0.427823 11/3/1997 15:00 -0.31086 -0.312949 -0.302844 -0.291522 -0.311175 -0.319383 -0.355386 -0.355061 11/3/1997 16:00 -0.239876 -0.23256 -0.226018 -0.211252 -0.208657 -0.188345 -0.222625 -0.261205 11/3/1997 17:00 -0.115697 -0.115075 -0.1142 -0.101912 -0.0919 -0.102177 -0.136309 -0.140944 11/3/1997 18:00 -0.068501 -0.055248 -0.049639 -0.039143 -0.017773 -0.016873 -0.022809 -0.045281 11/3/1997 19:00 -0.036122 -0.03006 -0.022061 -0.004067 0.062951 0.079563 0.053201 0.016089 11/3/1997 20:00 -0.008854 -0.008276 -0.007003 0.019674 0.092483 0.109141 0.095015 0.051775 11/3/1997 21:00 0.017438 0.021472 0.023965 0.028835 0.123066 0.107023 0.083686 0.061853 11/3/1997 22:00 0.021868 0.019156 0.019026 0.02834 0.098114 0.098805 0.0805 0.053355 11/3/1997 23:00 -0.007306 -0.00806 -0.012473 -0.006221 0.072389 0.086474 0.066785 0.038477 95 11/4/1997 0:00 -0.015163 -0.012921 -0.011419 -0.012319 0.043791 0.051249 0.034102 0.018662 11/4/1997 1:00 0.009497 0.005917 0.005579 -0.001412 0.023082 0.020075 0.000859 0.00043 11/4/1997 2:00 0.012162 0.01154 0.008786 -0.004118 -0.000274 -0.009397 -0.005958 0.007978 11/4/1997 3:00 0.017153 0.016115 0.009742 -0.008305 -0.028897 -0.025023 -0.001613 0.018689 11/4/1997 4:00 0.028705 0.022087 0.015204 -0.009574 -0.036584 -0.031805 -0.001562 0.018489 11/4/1997 5:00 0.04019 0.035544 0.023845 -0.008852 -0.057626 -0.042735 -0.012878 0.01846 11/4/1997 6:00 0.037756 0.002107 -0.038231 -0.033646 -0.019501 -0.012524 -0.064954 -0.072184 11/4/1997 7:00 0.013555 -0.114496 -0.18095 -0.052641 0.448326 0.427769 0.065325 0.00568 11/4/1997 8:00 0.341803 0.272207 0.153127 0.07699 0.580102 0.670311 0.555103 0.491462 11/4/1997 9:00 0.361409 0.290933 0.193033 0.108299 0.659394 0.85866 0.861105 0.722254 11/4/1997 10:00 0.212373 0.134843 0.049815 0.002863 0.713188 0.982155 0.994848 0.757343 11/4/1997 11:00 0.08814 0.044703 -0.049123 -0.047341 0.418166 0.742266 0.892996 0.708854 11/4/1997 12:00 0.005022 -0.056984 -0.133148 -0.189868 0.294982 0.512403 0.624424 0.56233 11/4/1997 13:00 -0.019707 -0.096153 -0.135799 -0.187278 0.091361 0.235792 0.389341 0.359215 11/4/1997 14:00 -0.125814 -0.173744 -0.219196 -0.24071 -0.015625 0.097129 0.179076 0.146913 11/4/1997 15:00 -0.136744 -0.17751 -0.208797 -0.21526 -0.052099 0.01484 0.036188 -0.005149 11/4/1997 16:00 -0.078448 -0.11236 -0.137361 -0.154657 -0.058848 0.00059 -0.029302 -0.065715 11/4/1997 17:00 -0.027594 -0.046192 -0.070524 -0.082104 -0.007189 0.016194 -0.009715 -0.02462 11/4/1997 18:00 0.011405 -0.0021 -0.014545 -0.01535 0.060508 0.078747 0.062046 0.042191 11/4/1997 19:00 0.057218 0.045579 0.031312 0.03747 0.134132 0.148221 0.129211 0.091964 11/4/1997 20:00 0.134525 0.118709 0.097274 0.094254 0.22051 0.25404 0.208456 0.163082 11/4/1997 21:00 0.187771 0.170309 0.147046 0.141012 0.304682 0.339647 0.317297 0.267254 11/4/1997 22:00 0.22214 0.198679 0.168453 0.15943 0.36415 0.432113 0.420834 0.34826 11/4/1997 23:00 0.232518 0.208137 0.172162 0.158869 0.403553 0.494492 0.49316 0.400078 11/5/1997 0:00 0.254978 0.224653 0.183037 0.160434 0.424428 0.52398 0.531912 0.436458 0.36 0.29 0.19 0.16 0.71 0.98 0.99 0.76 Maximum Water level at the at points around islands in scenario Time p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 p8 11/2/1997 20:00 -0.295 -0.335085 -0.278576 -0.16703 -0.02 -0.05 -0.000037 -0.08 11/2/1997 21:00 -0.08 -0.091378 -0.063457 -0.055741 -0.04 -0.09 -0.120726 -0.14 11/2/1997 22:00 -0.063 -0.07512 -0.071968 -0.035875 -0.04 -0.1 -0.126357 -0.1 11/2/1997 23:00 -0.053 -0.022255 -0.091852 -0.084073 -0.1 0.04 -0.067957 -0.03 11/3/1997 0:00 -0.127 -0.092358 -0.086399 -0.098218 -0.14 -0.05 -0.047889 -0.08 11/3/1997 1:00 -0.02 -0.049484 -0.060513 -0.069743 -0.02 -0.09 -0.094139 -0.05 11/3/1997 2:00 0.013 0.022697 0.055335 0.026268 -0.01 -0.09 -0.068594 -0.01 11/3/1997 3:00 -0.034 -0.042495 -0.019326 -0.027113 -0.07 -0.04 -0.037454 0.03 11/3/1997 4:00 -0.039 -0.079496 -0.086125 -0.05896 -0.1 -0.02 0.052328 0.01 11/3/1997 5:00 -0.048 -0.042515 -0.0501 -0.066054 -0.11 -0.13 -0.041908 -0.03 11/3/1997 6:00 -0.002 -0.018843 -0.03573 -0.064762 -0.11 -0.11 -0.090912 -0.07 11/3/1997 7:00 -0.114 -0.112713 -0.125939 -0.111399 -0.17 -0.18 -0.09687 -0.09 96 11/3/1997 8:00 -0.172 -0.128117 -0.167286 -0.153662 -0.14 -0.08 -0.12165 -0.1 11/3/1997 9:00 -0.203 -0.209881 -0.19781 -0.21315 -0.19 -0.23 -0.14474 -0.18 11/3/1997 10:00 -0.25 -0.260499 -0.251058 -0.24487 -0.24 -0.24 -0.233333 -0.24 11/3/1997 11:00 -0.273 -0.254661 -0.269133 -0.248403 -0.3 -0.33 -0.27273 -0.31 11/3/1997 12:00 -0.309 -0.308393 -0.294485 -0.272766 -0.32 -0.3 -0.345206 -0.31 11/3/1997 13:00 -0.249 -0.252588 -0.237728 -0.235494 -0.29 -0.23 -0.330504 -0.34 11/3/1997 14:00 -0.221 -0.216337 -0.211621 -0.179828 -0.2 -0.11 -0.274605 -0.26 11/3/1997 15:00 -0.098 -0.09772 -0.094614 -0.087637 -0.09 0.06 -0.148227 -0.15 11/3/1997 16:00 -0.001 0.00047 -0.01436 -0.004841 0.03 0.13 0.016539 -0.02 11/3/1997 17:00 0.076 0.072004 0.064654 0.069645 0.12 0.28 0.125858 0.1 11/3/1997 18:00 0.067 0.074459 0.083558 0.11751 0.24 0.3 0.214693 0.15 11/3/1997 19:00 0.095 0.104418 0.119514 0.173119 0.32 0.42 0.231559 0.17 11/3/1997 20:00 0.103 0.103026 0.115756 0.168484 0.43 0.51 0.283725 0.19 11/3/1997 21:00 0.094 0.088927 0.108138 0.14146 0.54 0.66 0.349292 0.24 11/3/1997 22:00 0.107 0.092717 0.095821 0.131725 0.68 0.83 0.439606 0.28 11/3/1997 23:00 0.136 0.106039 0.092042 0.107528 0.84 0.97 0.534061 0.35 11/4/1997 0:00 0.199 0.152861 0.12558 0.11658 0.98 1.1 0.658978 0.44 11/4/1997 1:00 0.278 0.208384 0.159529 0.13237 1.06 1.16 0.799244 0.56 11/4/1997 2:00 0.346 0.264871 0.199669 0.15467 1.06 1.17 0.931882 0.68 11/4/1997 3:00 0.396 0.313279 0.235232 0.181351 1.02 1.12 1.025059 0.79 11/4/1997 4:00 0.423 0.337504 0.253254 0.188633 0.95 1.05 1.058982 0.85 11/4/1997 5:00 0.423 0.34088 0.251841 0.182 0.85 0.95 1.042672 0.86 11/4/1997 6:00 0.384 0.304669 0.217982 0.147827 0.75 0.86 0.991329 0.83 11/4/1997 7:00 0.338 0.259512 0.171023 0.10281 0.65 0.77 0.910716 0.76 11/4/1997 8:00 0.291 0.213626 0.122644 0.053033 0.56 0.7 0.835003 0.69 11/4/1997 9:00 0.233 0.157635 0.067769 0.000783 0.49 0.63 0.774626 0.63 11/4/1997 10:00 0.164 0.091867 0.004523 -0.055682 0.42 0.58 0.719566 0.58 11/4/1997 11:00 0.112 0.042784 -0.041149 -0.096479 0.36 0.52 0.660631 0.52 11/4/1997 12:00 0.092 0.027674 -0.053315 -0.10428 0.32 0.5 0.603221 0.47 11/4/1997 13:00 0.136 0.066101 -0.023607 -0.07224 0.32 0.56 0.544361 0.41 11/4/1997 14:00 0.252 0.170026 0.063355 0.008636 0.39 0.75 0.582382 0.44 11/4/1997 15:00 0.429 0.335766 0.209983 0.147881 0.57 1.02 0.755483 0.59 11/4/1997 16:00 0.619 0.511628 0.363275 0.293006 0.82 1.34 1.040691 0.84 11/4/1997 17:00 0.815 0.690969 0.517042 0.431243 1.08 1.67 1.385991 1.14 11/4/1997 18:00 1.002 0.861167 0.659913 0.558136 1.35 1.98 1.748371 1.44 11/4/1997 19:00 1.131 0.982649 0.768969 0.650144 1.58 2.19 2.124306 1.77 11/4/1997 20:00 1.176 1.028583 0.812682 0.686785 1.74 2.27 2.376962 1.98 11/4/1997 21:00 1.155 1.00562 0.785953 0.654074 1.77 2.26 2.495188 2.08 11/4/1997 22:00 1.144 0.993275 0.770989 0.630158 1.75 2.21 2.514758 2.11 11/4/1997 23:00 1.15 0.998693 0.772501 0.623995 1.71 2.17 2.488449 2.1 11/5/1997 0:00 1.163 1.009992 0.779449 0.623949 1.67 2.07 2.458337 2.08 11/5/1997 1:00 0.556 0.546211 0.46324 0.322084 1.35 0.8 2.301152 2.13 11/5/1997 2:00 -0.245 -0.228979 -0.199855 -0.157044 0.47 -0.01 1.05547 1.14 11/5/1997 3:00 -0.271 -0.274528 -0.323209 -0.407685 -0.28 -0.56 0.24486 0.25 11/5/1997 4:00 0.106 0.113196 0.109386 0.000276 -0.63 -0.49 -0.333178 -0.23 97 11/5/1997 5:00 0.175 0.173976 0.12765 0.060124 -0.24 -0.25 -0.615793 -0.31 11/5/1997 6:00 -0.136 -0.131978 -0.122891 -0.121209 -0.17 -0.09 -0.39047 -0.3 11/5/1997 7:00 -0.141 -0.152949 -0.167057 -0.184815 -0.23 0.08 -0.049122 -0.22 11/5/1997 8:00 -0.061 -0.071118 -0.094592 -0.132085 0.04 -0.13 0.148573 0.09 11/5/1997 9:00 -0.031 -0.034188 -0.050294 -0.111141 -0.17 -0.2 -0.012942 0.1 11/5/1997 10:00 -0.362 -0.360661 -0.360737 -0.33937 -0.29 -0.35 -0.118399 -0.19 11/5/1997 11:00 -0.517 -0.49722 -0.484254 -0.449934 -0.38 -0.64 -0.40216 -0.46 11/5/1997 12:00 -0.454 -0.442205 -0.434249 -0.428782 -0.56 -0.6 -0.629649 -0.6 11/5/1997 13:00 -0.297 -0.299109 -0.304552 -0.327294 -0.44 -0.5 -0.666975 -0.56 11/5/1997 14:00 -0.401 -0.389257 -0.376578 -0.357284 -0.46 -0.3 -0.47506 -0.47 11/5/1997 15:00 -0.39 -0.391719 -0.388919 -0.367416 -0.33 -0.14 -0.323436 -0.37 11/5/1997 16:00 -0.173 -0.169995 -0.16969 -0.161149 -0.12 -0.06 -0.213315 -0.26 11/5/1997 17:00 -0.055 -0.053727 -0.051376 -0.051755 -0.04 0.04 -0.059794 -0.06 11/5/1997 18:00 -0.069 -0.070739 -0.06642 -0.04535 0.02 0.053213 0.06 1.18 1.03 0.81 0.69 1.77 2.51 2.13 Maximum 2.27 Calibration water level with C= 55 No Time Observation Computer 12/20/2003 7:00 129 107 22 466.1 12/20/2003 13:00 118 90 28 784.0 12/20/2003 19:00 122 95 27 709.1 12/21/2003 1:00 138 119 19 370.9 12/21/2003 7:00 132 110 22 497.3 12/21/2003 13:00 100 76 24 563.6 12/21/2003 19:00 82 86 -4 19.8 12/22/2003 1:00 132 117 15 212.1 12/22/2003 7:00 120 113 44.7 10 12/22/2003 13:00 88 78 10 99.6 11 12/22/2003 19:00 62 75 -13 158.0 12 12/23/2003 1:00 128 122 31.9 13 12/23/2003 7:00 124 117 45.1 14 12/23/2003 13:00 104 100 16.0 15 12/23/2003 19:00 56 63 -7 47.4 16 12/24/2003 1:00 127 123 14.9 17 12/25/2003 7:00 139 120 19 346.2 18 12/25/2003 13:00 114 96 18 324.0 19 12/25/2003 19:00 44 55 -11 113.1 20 12/26/2003 1:00 103 109 -6 36.0 21 12/26/2003 7:00 132 122 10 103.2 22 12/26/2003 13:00 108 101 54.3 98 231.1269 15.2 23 12/26/2003 19:00 45 52 -7 51.6 24 12/27/2003 1:00 91 112 -21 456.1 25 12/27/2003 7:00 137 121 16 247.3 26 12/27/2003 13:00 114 107 50.2 27 12/27/2003 19:00 59 56 10.2 28 12/28/2003 1:00 66 70 -4 16.0 29 12/28/2003 7:00 139 119 20 405.8 30 12/28/200313:00:00 122 110 12 138.5 31 12/28/2003 19:00:00 89 62 27 731.7 Clibration water level with C= 60 No Time Observation Computer 12/20/2003 7:00 129 110 19 361.0 12/20/2003 13:00 118 105 13 169.0 12/20/2003 19:00 122 121 1.0 12/21/2003 1:00 138 130 64.0 12/21/2003 7:00 132 129 9.0 12/21/2003 13:00 100 76 24 568.1 12/21/2003 19:00 82 86 -4 20.1 12/22/2003 1:00 132 117 15 211.3 12/22/2003 7:00 120 113 44.8 10 12/22/2003 13:00 88 78 10 102.3 11 12/22/2003 19:00 62 75 -13 159.4 12 12/23/2003 1:00 128 122 31.4 13 12/23/2003 7:00 124 117 45.3 14 12/23/2003 13:00 104 84 20 410.2 15 12/23/2003 19:00 56 63 -7 48.5 16 12/24/2003 1:00 127 123 14.2 17 12/25/2003 7:00 139 132 49.0 18 12/25/2003 13:00 114 100 14 196.0 19 12/25/2003 19:00 44 55 -11 114.8 20 12/26/2003 1:00 103 120 -17 274.4 21 12/26/2003 7:00 132 122 10 102.5 22 12/26/2003 13:00 108 100 58.0 23 12/26/2003 19:00 45 52 -7 52.6 24 12/27/2003 1:00 91 100 -9 81.0 25 12/27/2003 7:00 137 131 31.9 26 12/27/2003 13:00 114 107 52.3 27 12/27/2003 19:00 59 56 10.0 28 12/28/2003 1:00 66 60 36.0 29 12/28/2003 7:00 139 128 11 122.1 99 135.978 11.6 30 12/28/2003 13:00:00 122 110 12 139.3 31 12/28/2003 19:00:00 89 64 25 635.6 Clibration water level with C= 65 No Time Observatio n Computer 12/20/2003 7:00 129 127.4 1.6 2.7 92.4 12/20/2003 13:00 118 107.9 10.1 101.6 12/20/2003 19:00 122 113.4 8.6 73.4 12/21/2003 1:00 138 129.8 8.2 67.4 12/21/2003 7:00 132 125.7 6.3 40.1 12/21/2003 13:00 100 96.1 3.9 15.3 12/21/2003 19:00 82 86.5 -4.5 20.4 12/22/2003 1:00 132 117.5 14.5 210.7 12/22/2003 7:00 120 113.3 6.7 44.7 10 12/22/2003 13:00 88 77.8 10.2 104.6 11 12/22/2003 19:00 62 74.7 -12.7 160.7 12 12/23/2003 1:00 128 122.4 5.6 31.0 13 12/23/2003 7:00 124 117.3 6.7 45.3 14 12/23/2003 13:00 104 103.6 0.4 0.2 15 12/23/2003 19:00 56 63.0 -7.0 49.5 16 12/24/2003 1:00 127 123.3 3.7 13.8 17 12/25/2003 7:00 139 128.4 10.6 112.9 18 12/25/2003 13:00 114 110.9 3.1 9.8 19 12/25/2003 19:00 44 54.8 -10.8 116.5 20 12/26/2003 1:00 103 119.7 -16.7 278.0 21 12/26/2003 7:00 132 121.9 10.1 101.5 22 12/26/2003 13:00 108 100.2 7.8 60.8 23 12/26/2003 19:00 45 52.3 -7.3 53.8 24 12/27/2003 1:00 91 97.8 -6.8 46.2 25 12/27/2003 7:00 137 121.4 15.6 242.3 26 12/27/2003 13:00 114 106.6 7.4 54.1 27 12/27/2003 19:00 59 55.9 3.1 9.8 28 12/28/2003 1:00 66 70.0 -4.0 16.0 29 12/28/2003 7:00 139 129.0 10.0 99.4 30 12/28/2003 13:00:00 122 115.2 6.8 46.8 31 12/28/2003 19:00:00 89 63.8 25.2 635.9 9.6 Verification water level with Linda typhoon No Time 12/2/2007 1:00 12/2/2007 7:00 Observation 125 106 Computer 120.0 5.0 25.1 106.1 -0.1 0.0 100 61.6 7.9 12/2/2007 13:00 104 94.8 9.2 85.1 12/2/2007 19:00 92 103.1 -11.1 124.2 12/3/2007 1:00 124 116.1 7.9 62.9 12/3/2007 7:00 98 102.0 -4.0 16.3 12/3/2007 13:00 108 97.8 10.2 103.5 12/3/2007 19:00 106 108.1 -2.1 4.5 12/4/2007 1:00 126 114.2 11.8 139.5 10 12/4/2007 7:00 112 96.3 15.7 245.9 11 12/4/2007 13:00 118 110.1 7.9 62.8 12 12/4/2007 19:00 123 120.3 2.7 7.3 13 12/5/2007 1:00 136 128.7 7.3 53.3 14 12/5/2007 7:00 111 98.2 12.8 163.8 15 12/5/2007 13:00 114 103.6 10.4 108.2 12/5/2007 19:00 134 129.6 4.4 19.4 12/6/2007 1:00 132 125.3 6.7 44.9 18 12/6/2007 7:00 92 91.1 0.9 0.8 19 12/6/2007 13:00 88 91.1 -3.1 9.5 20 12/6/2007 19:00 115 124.7 -9.7 94.4 21 12/7/2007 1:00 114 116.0 -2.0 3.8 22 12/7/2007 7:00 94 90.6 3.4 11.5 23 12/7/2007 13:00 95 85.4 9.6 91.5 12/7/2007 19:00 139 138.0 1.0 1.0 16 17 24 101 ... following: Chapter 1: Overviews on storm surge study and study area Chapter 2: Application of Delft 3D to study storm surge Chapter 3: Simulation of storm surge in Phu Quoc islands Chapter 4: Building... potential inundation caused by storm surge + Scope of the study: Phu Quoc islands and surrounding areas Study approaches and methodology The simulation of storm surge and land inundation by using... environmental protection, the study all on natural disasters, specially typhoon and storm surges is a priority tasks For which we can assess the flood inundation and damages due to typhoon and storm