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Quản trị kinh doanh luôn là một trong những ngành hấp dẫn các bạn trẻ năng động, đặc biệt trong xu thế hội nhập kinh tế Quốc tế của Việt Nam những năm gần đây. Việc tìm hiểu rõ về ngành Quản trị kinh doanh giúp bạn định hướng nghề nghiệp tốt hơn trước khi quyết định chọn ngành, chọn trường theo học. Chúng ta sẽ từng bước tìm hiểu qua tất cả những thông tin cần thiết, qua đó giúp bạn có cái nhìn rõ ràng hơn về ngành học này.
Chapter 11 Developing Leadership Diversity Chapter Objectives Apply an awareness of the dimensions of diversity and multicultural issues in your everyday life Encourage and support diversity to meet organizational needs Consider the role of cultural values and attitudes in determining how to deal with employees from different cultures or ethnic backgrounds Reduce the difficulties faced by minorities in organizations Break down your personal barriers that may stand in the way of enhancing your level of diversity awareness and appreciation Diversity Workforce Diversity A workforce made up of people with different human qualities or who belong to various cultural groups Diversity Differences among people in terms of age, ethnicity, gender, race, or other dimensions Interactive Leadership A leadership style in which people develop personal relationships with followers, share power and information, empower employees, and strive to enhance others’ feelings of self-worth Social Value Systems Power Distance How much people accept equality in power; high power distance reflects an acceptance of power inequality among institutions, organizations, and individuals Low power distance means people expect equality in power Uncertainty Avoidance The degree to which members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity and thus support beliefs and behaviors that promise certainty and conformity Individualism A value for a loosely knit social framework in which individuals are expected to take care of themselves Social Value Systems (contd.) Collectivism A preference for a tightly knit social framework in which people look out for one another and organizations protect their members’ interests Masculinity A preference for achievement, heroism, assertiveness, work centrality, and material success Femininity A preference for relationships, cooperation, group decision making, and quality of life Ex 11.3 Rank Orderings of 10 Countries Along Four Dimensions of National Value Systems (adapted) Country Australia Costa Rica France India Japan Mexico Sweden Thailand United States Power Uncertainty Individualism Masculinity 10 (tie) (tie) 10 10 9 10 Ethnocentrism The belief that one’s own culture and subculture are inherently superior to other cultures Biculturalism The sociocultural skills and attitudes used by racial minorities as they move back and forth between the dominant culture and their own ethnic or racial culture Glass Ceiling An invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top leadership positions 10 Ex 11.5 Evolution of Organizational Diversity Awareness and Action Stage Diversity is inherent in the culture Gender and color-blind Stage Diversity as “Moral Imperative” Top-level commitment to valuing diversity Stage Diversity as a competitive weapon Effort to recruit/retain minorities Stage “We need to react” Recognition of barriers minorities face Stage Meet legal requirements Diversity as a “problem” 11 Diversity Awareness Training Training that helps employees become aware of their own cultural boundaries, their prejudices and stereotypes, so that they can learn to work together successfully 12 Ex 11.6 Stages of Personal Diversity Awareness Highest Level of Awareness Integration Multicultural attitude – enables one to integrate differences and adapt both cognitively and behaviorally Adaptation •Able to empathize with those of other cultures •Able to shift from one cultural perspective to another Acceptance •Accepts behavioral differences and underlying differences in values •Recognizes validity of other ways of thinking and perceiving the world Minimizing Differences •Hides or trivializes cultural differences •Focuses on similarities among all peoples Defense Perceives threat against one’s comfortable worldview Uses negative stereotyping Assumes own culture superior Lowest Level of Awareness 13