TAM BANBOKHODOClYikm 3-2013 CUA TRUNG QUOC NAM TRONG CHINH SACH BIEN GlfiTl - LANH THO XUYEN SUOT CUA CAC THE HE LANH DAO CONG HOA NHAN DAN TRUNG HOA L £ TRUNG DUNG' T rong nhflng vfla qua, cac phfldng tien thdng tin dai chung Viet Nam cung nhfl qud'e te' deu dUa nhilu tin va phan dd'i trflde viee Cue Thdng tin dia ly lfldng qud'c gia Trung Qud'c chinh thflc phd chuin va phat hanh Bdn nUdc Cgng hoa Nhdn dan Trang Hoa khd doc, "dUa gdn nhu todn bg cdc viing bien ddo d Bi§n Dong vdo phgm vi cdi ggi Id "chu quyin" md Bdc Kinh yeu sdch, xdm phgm nghiem trgng chii quyen, quyen chu quyin, quyin tdi phdn cua cdc quo'c gia ven bien Bien Ddng, co Viet Nam" (1) Nhieu ngudn tin cho ring, day la lan d i u tien Trung Qud'c phat hanh mot ban nhfl vay, va nd phan anh rd y eua Trung Quo'c ddc chiem Bien Ddng mot each phi phap va vo ly That ra, ta'm Bdn nUdc Cgng hoa Nhdn ddn Trung Hoa kho doc vira ndi khdng phai la ban dau tien Cdng hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa phat hanh, t h i hidn nhflng tham vong, yeu sach phi phap, vd ly vl lanh thd, lanh hai cua nhflng ngfldi dflng diu Trung Nam Hai dd'i vdi cac nflde lang gieng Ban dd khd dpc, phat hanh thang 32013, cua Trung Qud'c (2) ehi la phan tie'p noi cua mdt ehii trfldng xuyen sudt • PGS.TS Vien S^ hoe chinh saeh bien gidi - lanh thd eua cac the he lanh dao Cpng hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa tfl sau nflde lap (1949) va kdo dai cho tdi Ndi dung cd ban va xuyen sudt eua chinh saeh la hien thflc hda nhflng yeu saeh bien gidi - lanh thd ciia Trung Qud'e ed hai eho cae nfldc lang giing Ve nhflng tham vpng banh trfldng lanh thd, lanh hai eua Cong hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa da dfldc nhflng nha nghien cflu Lidn Xd cu tap trung quan tam va nghien cflu ky lfldng Trong sd' nhflng trung tam khoa hpc Lien Xd ed uy tin cao, nghien cflu ve va'n d l nay, phai k l de'n Vien Vidn Ddng thupc Vidn Han lam khoa hpe Lien Xo (tlHCTHxyT JXajibHcro BocTOKa AH CCCP) la Vien Vien Ddng, Vien Han ISm khoa hpc Nga Tren cd sd phan tich, khai quat nhflng ngudn tai lieu phong phu, da dang va rit dang tin eay, lien quan tdi ehinh sach bi&n gidi eiia Trung Quo'c dd'i vdi cae nUdc lang giing, cuo'n chuyen khao Chinh sdch bien gidi cua Cgng hoa Nhdn ddn Trung Hoa: Nhitng miic tieu chie'n lUdc vd thu dogn chie'n thudt (1949 • 1984), xua't ban tai Moskva nam 1986, Giao sfl E D Stepanov cua Vien Viln Ddng da chi ro Tdm BAJ dd hhd doc thang ^2013 chil trUdng banh trudng, xuydn sudt sach bien gidi - lanh thd cua Trung tfl sau 1949, ciing nhflng muc tieu Ifldc va nhflng thu doan thflc hien sach ehinh Qudc chien chinh Ve nhflng thu doan cd ban eua Trung Qude n h i m thUc thi chinh sach banh trfldng cua minh quan he bien gidi lanh thd vdi cac nUde lang gieng, chuyen khao ndu tren eua Giao sU Stepanov da vach mdt sd loai hinh sau: - Gdi lai cai gpi la "nhiJtng Idnh thd Trung Qudc bi cdc nUdc thUc ddn - dequdc cUdp doat thdi can dgi" Cho dan thudng Trung Qud'c xam pham bien gidi vdi lang gieng; nguy tao nhflng sfl cd' bien gidi; vu cao lang giing xkm pham bien gidi Trung Qudc - Gay xung dot vu trang, tham ehi ehien tranh bien gidi vdi cac nude lang giing Phat hanh ban dd t h i hien nhflng tham vpng, yeu saeh bien gidi - lanh thd phi phap, vd ly eOia minh day, chflng tdi di sau hdn vad thu doan phat hanh ban ciia Trung Qud'c, the hidn nhflng tham vpng, yeu sach bidn gidi - lanh thd ciia nude dd'i vdi cac nude lang giing va khu vUe Nhflng thii doan cdn lai se dflpe chung tdi d l cap den nhflng dip khac Nhfl da neu b tren, Bdn nUdc Cong hba Nhdn ddn Trung Hoa khd dpe thang 3-2013 khdng phai la ban dd d i u tien Cong hda nhan dan Trung Hoa phat hanh, the hien nhflng tham vpng, yeu sach phi phap, vd 1^ ve lanh tho lanh hai cua minh Cho tdi nay, chung tdi da tiep can dfldc thdng tin ve It nha't ban dd Cong hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa xua't ban, d l cap tdi nhflng yeu sach lanh tho, lanh hai vd can cfl, ed hai eho eac nU6c lang gieng ChUa diy nam sau Cdng hda Nhan dkn Trung Hoa ddi, nam 1953, Bd Giao due Trung Quoc cdng nhan cudn sach ''Lupc sit Trung Qudc thdi can dgC cua tac gia Liu Peihoa la giao trinh cho sinh vien cac trudng dai hpe eiia Trung Qudc Tren ta'm ban dd ed ten "Thdi ky cdch mang ddn chu kiiu cu (1840 • 1919) - Lanh thd Trung Qudc bi bgn de quoc tudc tiogt" (3), dinh kdm theo cudn sach nay, Liu Peihoa eu t h i hda - bing hinh ve - quan dilm eua Mao Trach Ddng ve cai gpi la nhitng Idnh thd Trung Qudc bi dequdc tUdc doat, dUde ong phat bieu nhflng thdi diem khac nhau, ke ca tfl trudc each mang Trung Qud'c cdng Ban dd cua Liu Peihoa phae hpa mdt dUdng bien gidi dUdc cho la eiia Trung Qudc tfl trflde cudc Chien tranh thudc phi^n nam 1840, theo lanh tho Trung Quo'c trfldc nam 1840 bao gdm ca nhflng viing rdng ldn thudc lanh thd t&'t ca cae nfldc lang giing nhU: lanh thd phia Ddng Nam nUde Nga nay; nhflng vflng da't dpc theo bien gidi cac nudc Kazakhstan, Kirgistan; gin nhu toan bd vflng Tay Tang - dfldc phan chia cho cac nude An Dd, Pakistan, Butan; toan bd ban dao Ddng Nam A, tinh ca Viet Nam, Lao, Campuchia, Thai Lan, Myanma Dfldng bien gidi ciia Liu Peihoa cung thau tdm vao Trung Qud'c toan bd dao SakhaUn, toan bd dao Trieu Tien (Cdng hda Dan ehii Nhan dan Trilu Tidn va Han Qud'e), dao Dai Loan va toan bd quin dao Okinawa eiia Nhat Ban Nhfl vay, lanh thd hoac nhieu vflng lanh tho cua ta't ca eac nflde lang gieng hien vdi Trung Qud'e deu bi Trung Qudc coi "vdn la lanh thd Trung Qud'c" (Xem bdn dd 1) Ban dd cua Liu Peihoa cho tha'y rd nhflng cudng vpng ve bien gidi - ianh thd ciia nhflng ngUdi dflng d i u Cdng hda Nhdn dan Trung Hoa tfl nhflng d i u Hghien e ^ i idch sit, ao 8.2014 Ban 1: Thiri ky each mgng dan chu kieu cu (1840-1919) Lanh th^ Trung Quoc bi hon de quoc tiffic doat Nguiin; LiLi Peihoa, L/wi ,ii? 7") HHJ,'Gi»!( iliiy, ciin dai Bic Kmh 1953 (cjan lai la B H Kuzik V.'L M L Tilarcnko, 7"j mix Q"