CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI ĐH CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN VÀ CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI ĐH: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN VÀ CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP Họ tên : Lương Thị Hiền Chức vụ : Tổ phó chuyên môn Đơn vị công tác : Trường THPT Sông Lô Đối tượng học sinh : Lớp 12 Thời lượng dự kiến : tiết I MỤC ĐÍCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ - Câu điều kiện dạng câu đặc biệt có liên quan chuyên đề quan trọng đề thi đại học Chỉ cần nắm cấu trúc loại câu điều kiện, biến thể chúng, cách sử dụng học sinh dễ dàng có điểm số vô quan trong thi Ngoài việc giúp em hệ thống đầy đủ, ôn lại kiến thức trọng tâm, chuyên đề câu điều kiện giúp em phân biệt rõ ràng hơn, mở rộng kiến thức liên quan làm tập cách linh hoạt II KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN * Định nghĩa : Có mệnh đề câu điều kiện: Mệnh đề mệnh đề điều kiên( mệnh đề if) - Mệnh đề điều kiện (mệnh đề if) đặt trước sau mệnh đề Khi đứng trước mệnh đề chính, dùng dấu phẩy để tách mệnh đề Khi theo sau mệnh đề không dùng dấu phẩy Ex: If I have money, I will buy a new car I will buy a new car if I have money A CÁC LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN Type 1: FUTURE POSSIBLE (Diễn tả khả xảy tương lai) A/ Dạng bản: If + S + V(simple present), S + V(simple future) Ex: If I have time, I will go B/ Những trường hợp khác: 1/ If + S + V(simple present) , Imperative (mệnh lệnh) Ex:If you go to the post office, please mail this letter for me 2/ Imperative (mệnh lệnh) + or + S + V(simple future) Ex: Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get a bad mark = If you don't prepare the lesson carefully, you will get a bad mark 3/ If + S + V(simple present) , S + V(simple present) → diễn tả thật hiển nhiên (If=When=Whenever) Ex: If you mix blue and yellow, you get green If not = Unless (trừ khi) Ex: If you don't hurry, you'll be late for school => Unless you hurry, you'll be late for school As long as/ So long as/ Provided (that)/ Providing (that)/ On condition that + Clause ( Miễn là/ với điều kiện) Ex: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car = If you drive carefully, you can use my car Clause (might/do +V) + if + Clause (the simple present) * để khả khách quan Ví dụ: It’s sunny We may get a headache if we go out without a hat - Clause (may/can + V) + if + Clause (the simple present) * để cho phép Ví dụ: You can go home if you finish your test - Clause (must/should + V) + if + Clause (the simple present) * để yêu cầu, đề nghị Ví dụ: You must exercises if you want to get good marks Type 2: PRESENT UNREAL (Diễn tả tình thật tương lai) 85 A/ Dạng bản: If + S + V(past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + bare inf Eg: I don't win a lot of money, so I can't spend most of it travelling round the world → If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world Eg: I am short; that's why I won't be a pilot →If I were/ was taller, I would be a pilot *past subjunctive:Quá khứ bàng thái cách/ Quá khứ giả định - To be: chia "Were" cho tất - Không phải "To be : chia giống khứ đơnc) Trường hợp đặc biệt: B/ Những trường hợp khác: 1/ The variation of the If-clause: (Biến thể mệnh đề If) If + S + V(past continuous), S + would/ could/ might + bare inf Eg: If you were driving from London to Glasgow, which way would you go? 2/ The variation of the main clause: (Biến thể mệnh đề chính) If + S + V(past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + be + Ving Eg: I am not on holiday; I am not touring Italy → If I were / was on holiday, I would be touring Italy 3/ Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: - Bỏ If - Đưa "Were" trước chủ ngữ Eg: If I were you , I would eat less => Were I you, I would eat less - Nếu câu động từ “were” mượn “were’ dùng “ to Verb” If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.γ III/ Type 3: PAST UNREAL (Diễn tả tình thật khứ) A/ Dạng bản: If + S + had + PP , S + would/ could/ might + have + PP Eg: I didn't tell her any good news because I wasn't here early →If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news B/ Những trường hợp khác: 1/ The variation of the main clause: (Biến thể mệnh đề chính) If + S + had + PP , S + would/ could/ might + have + been + V-ing Eg: Mr.Pike's son was there; that's why I wasn't sitting in front →If Mr.Pike's son hadn't been there, I would have been sitting in front 2/ The variation of the If-clause: (Biến thể mệnh đề If) If + S + had + been + V-ing , S + would/ could/ might + have + PP Eg: I was wearing a seat belt, so I didn't have a bad accident => If I hadn't been wearing a seat belt, I would have had a bad accident 3/ Câu điều kiện pha trộn: Loại III + Loại II Eg: He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice →If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now If I had caught that plane, I would be dead now (the fact that I did not catch that plane.) If I followed your advice, I would have a job now.(the fact that I didn’t follow your advice, so I don’t have a job now) 4/ Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: - Bỏ If - Had + S (not) + P.P Eg:If I hadn't been careful, I would have had an accident last night =>Had I not been careful, I would have had an accident last night 5/ Clause (could have + P2) + if + Clause (had + P2) * chủ quan, cho phép Ví dụ: I could have won a prize if I had taken part in the competition last week 86 You could have gone to the cinema if you had finished your homework last night - Clause (might have + P2) + if + Clause (had + P2) * khả khách quan Ví dụ: The last crop might have been better if it had rained much B DANG BÀI TẬP LIÊN QUAN VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIẢI 1)Dạng chia động từ: Cách làm : cần xác định cấp độ loại câu điều kiện để chia động từ cho Ở cấp độ thông thường người ta chia vế cho nên em việc quan sát xem loại mà áp dụng công thức cho Ví dụ: If I meet him, I (give) him this book Nhìn thấy câu đề cho bên if nên ta biết loại nên ta chia loại 1: If I meet him, I will give him this book Cũng có trường hợp khó người ta đóng ngoặc hai bên Trong trường hợp trước tiên em xem việc có phải xảy khứ không, Nếu phải chia loại 3, dấu hiệu khứ em phải dịch nghĩa : thấy khả khó có khả xảy dùng loại 2, có khả xảy dùng loại Ví dụ: If he (go) there yesterday, he (meet) her Thấy có dấu hiệu khứ (yesterday) nên ta chia loại 3: If he had gone there yesterday, he would have met her I (go) there if I (be) you Không có dấu hiệu khứ nên ta dịch nghĩa: bạn => chuyện xảy nên dùng loại 2:I would go there if I were you 2) Dạng viết lại câu dùng IF: Cách làm: Học sinh cần xác định rõ nghĩa câu tình cho chúng để lựa chọn loại câu điều kiện phù hợp Dạng người ta cho câu riêng biệt nối với chữ : so = that’s why (vì thế), because ( ) Đối với dạng em thấy : Cả câu chia tương lai dùng loại (không phủ định) Một bên tại, bên tương lai / dùng loại (phủ định) Nếu có khứ dùng loại (phủ định) ** Ghi chú: Phủ định câu đề có not ta dùng not ngược lại Nếu có because để if vị trí because Nếu có so, that’s why để if ngược với vị trí chúng * So + clause => Main clause * That’s why + clause => Main clause * Because + clause => If- clause * Indicating clause of cause => If – clause * Clause of result => Main clause Example: They don’t have enough time so they cannot me a favour => If they had time, they could me a favour She has a sore throat She doesn’t stop smoking => If she stopped smoking, she wouldn’t have a sore throat Ví dụ:I will go there I will buy you a dog.=> If I go there, I will buy you a dog VD: I can’t go out because it is raining => If it weren’t raining, I could go out ( người ta can dùng, không đổi thành will ) 3) Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có if sang dùng unless Unless = except if (= trừ phi, trừ ) Cách làm: Học sinh cần xác định rõ Unless except it sử dụng để đưa giả thuyết động từ theo sau chúng chia mệnh đề if câu điều kiện, có thêm lưu ý Unless = If … not em cần lưu ý không để bị sai nghĩa câu ’ll see you tomorrow unless I have to work late (= except if I have to work late) Tôi gặp bạn vào ngày mai trừ trường hợp phải làm việc muộn Don’t tell Sue what I said unless she asks you (= except if she asks you) 87 Đừng kể với Sue nói cô hỏi bạn Ta thường dùng unless lời có tính chất cảnh cáo: We’ll be late unless we hurry (= except if we hurry) Chúng ta trễ không khẩn trương Unless you work much harder, you won’t pass the exam Nếu bạn không học chăm hơn, bạn không thi đậu đâu I was told I wouldn’t pass the exam unless I worked harder Tôi nhắc nhở không thi đậu không học chăm Thay dùng unless, ta dùng if not: Don’t tell Sue what I said if she doesn’t ask you Chớ nói với Sue kể cô không yêu cầu bạn We’ll be late if we don’t hurry Chúng ta bị trễ không khẩn trương 4) Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có But for/ without ….+ điều kiện loại II/ III sang dùng If ngược lại Cách làm : Học sinh cần nắm rõ : But for/ without/if it weren’t for/ hadn’t been for…+NOUN.: không có… sau chuyển sang mệnh đề phụ Cần lưu ý chuyển đa phần sử dụng If…….not để thay Mệnh đề chia phù hợp theo loại câu điều kiện Ví dụ: 88 If you did not help me, I wouldn’t pass my exam - You help me everyday so I can finish my work without your help, I wouldn’t pass my exam.γ But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish myγ without your help, I wouldn’t pass my exam.γ work If it weren’t for your help, I wouldn’t pass myγ - She encouraged him and he succeeded exam But for her encouragement, he wouldn’t haveγ If there were no water, we could not live succeeded If we did not have water, we could not liveγ - The teacher explained and we understood without water, we could not liveγ But for the teacher’s explanation, we wouldn’tγ But for water, we could not liveγ have understood 5) Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có Or, otherwise sang dùng if : Dạng thường có cấu trúc câu mệnh lệnh + or, otherwise + S will … Cách làm sau:If you don’t ( viết lại, bỏ or, otherwise ) Ví dụ: Hurry up, or you will be late ( nhanh lên, không bạn trễ) If you don’t hurry, you will be late ( bạn không nhanh lên, bạn trễ)◊ Unless you hurry, you will be late Ms Phương helped me a lot, otherwise I would have failed If Ms Phuong had not helped me, I would have failed 6) Các dạng câu điều kiện ám chỉ: As long as, provided, providing v.v.: thành ngữ có nghĩa 'nếu' hay As long as hay so long as 'trong trường hợp mà' provided (that) hay providing (that) Cách làm : Học sinh cần xác định từ nêu thường hiểu nghĩa tương đương với từ If động từ theo sau cụm từ cần chia mệnh đề phụ You can use my car as long as you drive carefully You can use my car so long as you drive carefully (= You can use my car but you must drive carefully - this is a condition) Bạn dùng xe bạn cẩn thận (bạn dùng xe bạn cẩn thận - điều kiện) Travelling by car is convenient provided (that) you have somewhere to park Travelling by car is convenient providing (that) you have somewhere to park (= but only if you have somewhere to park) Đi du lịch ô tô thật thuận tiện bạn có chỗ để đậu xe Providing (that) she studies hard - she’ll pass her exams Provided (that) she studies, she’ll pass her exams (=She must study hard - if she does this, she will pass) Với điều kiện cô học chăm chỉ, cô thi đậu (= cô phải học chăm - cô học chăm, cô thi đậu) In case khác với if Ta dùng in case để nói người làm hay không làm điều đó: ta làm việc để đề phòng việc khác xảy sau Hãy so sánh: We’ll buy some more food in case Tom comes (= Perhaps Tom will come; We'll buy some food now, whether he comes or not; then we'll already have the food if he comes.) Chúng mua thêm đồ ăn để phòng Tom đến (= Tom đến; mua thêm đồ ăn, dù có đến hay không; có thức ăn đến.) We’ll buy some more food if Tom comes (Perhaps Tom will come; if he comes, we'll buy some more food; if he doesn't come, we won't buy any more food.) Chúng mua thêm đồ ăn Tom đến (=Có thể Tom đến, đến, mua thêm đồ ăn; không đến không mua thêm đồ ăn.) I’ll give you my phone number in case you need to contact me Tôi cho anh số điện thoại phòng anh cần liên lạc với Bạn dùng in case (+ khứ) để giải thích người làm điều đó: We bought some more food in case Tom came (= because it was possible that Tom would come) Chúng mua thêm đồ ăn phòng Tom đến (= Tom đến) I drew a map for Sarah in case she couldn’t find the house Tôi cho Sarah sơ đồ phòng cô không tìm nhà 89 We rang the bell again in case they hadn’t heard it the first time Chúng nhấn chuông lần phòng cô không nghe thấy lần đầu In case of khác với in case In case of = if there is (nhất thông báo v.v.): In case of fire, please leave the building as quickly as possible (= if there is a fire) Trong trường hợp xảy hỏa hoạn, xin rời khỏi tòa nhà nhanh tốt 7) Dạng đảo ngữ : Cách làm : xác định loại câu điều kiện sau xác định mệnh đề If mệnh đề Xem xét cách đảo cho loại mệnh đề * Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại I - Nếu câu có “should” mệnh đề if, đảo “should” lên đầu câu Ví dụ : If he comes there, he will see me if he should come there, he will see meγ Should he come there, he will see me.γ If he should ring , I will tell him the news Should he ring, I will tell him the news.γ - Nếu câu “should”, phải mượn “should” If he has free time, he’ll play tennis Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis.γ If she comes early, we’ll start Should she come early, we’ll start.γ * Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại II - Nếu câu có động từ “were”, đảo “were” lên đầu If I were a bird, I would fly Were I a bird, I would fly.γ They would answer me if they were here Were they here, they would answer me.γ - Nếu câu động từ “were” mượn “were’ dùng “ to Verb” If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.γ If they lived in Australia now, they would go swimming Were they to live in Australia now, they would go swimming.γ * Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại III - Đảo trợ động từ khứ hoàn thành If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home Had it rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.γ If he had trained hard, he would have won the match Had he trained hard, he would have won the match.γ * Chú ý: dạng phủ định, “not” đặt sau chủ ngữ: Had it not been so late, we would have called you C BÀI TẬP CỤ THỂ EXERCISE : put the verbs in correct forms using conditional sentence type 1 David will leave for Ren tomorrow if the weather (be) fine What will you if you (not / go) away for the weekend ? The game (start) if you put a coin in the slot If you (be) scared of spiders, don’t go into the garden We’ll have to go without John if he ( not arrive)…………….soon Please don’t disturb him if he (be) busy If she (accept) your card and roses, things will be very much hopeful If a holiday (fall) on a weekend, go to the beach If she (come)………………………… late again, she’ll lose her job 10 If he (wash)………………………… my car, I’ll give him $20 Answer : is Does not arrive Do not go Is Starts accepts Are falls comes 10 washes EXERCISE : put the verbs in correct forms using conditional sentence type If I knew his address, I (write) to him If the sun (be) shining now, we would go to the beach If you (paint)…………….the walls white, the room would be much brighter If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come)……………………… I (buy)………………… shares in that company if I had some money If you drove more carefully, you (not have)………… so many accidents If I (be)……… you , I (not worry)……… .about going to university If I (have)…………………any money, I would give you some Mary doesn’t study hard She (not pass)……… the examination unless she worked harder 10 The man would go abroad if he (can speak)…………… japanese They could help us if they are not poor If he did his homework, he would not be always punished If he had enough time, he could help me If she took some exercises, she would not be overweight If he had a bicycle, he would always go to class late If I were good at English, I could homework If he practised speaking French, he would speak it fluently If it did not snow heavily, the meeting could not be cancelled If did not rain, we could go 10 If he would not eat so man chips, he would not be fat Exericse 6: Rewrite the following sentences using conditional sentences: type He didn't hurry, so he missed the train We didn't go because it rained We got lost because we didn't have a map He lost his job because he was late every day The dress was so expensive She could not buy it Sue felt sick because she ate four cream cakes My brother left the car keys, so I had to pick him up at the station We didn't go on holiday because we didn't have enough money He didn't have the ticket to the game last week He wasn't be able to get in 10 Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes Answer : If he had hurried, he would not have missed the train If it had not rained, we would have gone If we had had a map, we would not have got lost If he had not been late every day, he would not have lost his job If the dress had not been so expensive, she could buy it If she had not eaten four cream cakes, she would not have felt sick If my brother had not left the car keys, I would not have had to pick him up at the station If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday If he had had the ticket to the game last week, he would have been able to get in 10 If Robert had not started smoking cigarettes, he would not have got a bad cough Exericse 7: Rewrite the following sentences using the suggestion If I………………………………….γ1 I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now But for………………………………………γ2 If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop If I ………………………………………γ3 If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it 92 Unless……………………….γ4 I only come if they invite me If he……………………………………γ5 He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam But for……………………………γ6 His sister sent her money, so he continued to study If you walk……………………………….γ7 The park is over there, only minutes’ walk If it…………………………… γ8 In case it rains, we’ll stay at home Answer : If I had eaten lunch, I wouldn’t feel hungry now But for rain, we would have a better crop If I were you, I wouldn’t buy it Unless they invite me, I won’t come If he had revised all his lessons, he wouldn’t have failed the exam But for his sister’s money, he wouldn’t have continued to study If you walk to the park, it will take you minutes If it rains, we’ll stay at home Exercise 8: Choose the best answer by circling A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences If I …………hungry now, I…………… five sandwiches, but I’m not A am – can eat B were – can eat C were – could eat D were – will eat What would you if you …………… a lottery A win B will win C won D had won If you………………….a millionaire, you might be happy A became B will become C become D had became If you had tried your best, you…………………………the job A, will get B got C had got D would have got If he………………… late, he would have caught his bus A worked B has worked C had not worked D would work It quicker if you use a computer A will be B would be C were D.been 10 If I knew his address, I round and see him A go B will go C would go D went 11 If we want to get higher salary, we………………….harder A work B would work C worked D must work If Ken ……… the train, he would have been late for his interview A missed B has missed C miss D had missed It be a pity if she married Fred A will B would C can D may I know I’ll feel better if I smoking A will stop B stopped C.stop D had stopped If the driver in front … so suddenly, the accident wouldn’t have happened A hasn’t stopped B hadn’t stopped C didn’t stop D don’t stop 10 If I … a lot of money now, I … .a new car A have/ will buy B have/ would buy C had/ will buy D had/ would buy 11 If I … you were in hospital, I … to see you A know/ will go B knew/ would go C had known/ would have gone D knew/ would have gone 12 You are late If you …… a few minutes earlier, you …… him A came / would meet B had come / would have met C come / will meet D had come / would meet 13 I’d have gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I …… time A had B have had C had had D would have had 14 If he had told me the truth, I …… him A will not punish B would not have punished C would not punis D.would have not punished 15 If they had not given me advice, I …… again A would have failed B would fail C would have been failed D wouldn’t fail 16 If I …… a scholarship to England, my parents would be very proud of me 93 A get B got C had got D will get 17 If there …… no floods last year, the crop …… better A had been / would have been B were / would be C had / would have been D was / would have been 18 If he worked harder, he …….now A will not be sacked B will not have been sacked C had not been sacked D would not be sacked 19 If energy …… inexpensive an unlimited, many things in the world would be different A is B will be C were D would be 20 We …… the game if we’d had a few more minutes A might have won B won C had won D will win 21 Unless you …… all of my questions, I can’t anything to help you A answered B answer C would answer D.are answering 22 If I were you, I … .… that job A would apply for B will ask for C will have changed D can take 23 If I …… a wish, I’d wish for happiness for my family A have B am having C had D was having 24 If we …… enough rain, we could have grown rice A had had B had C have had D didn’t have 25 If he … us the truth in the first place, things wouldn’t have gone so wrong A has told B had told C would have told D should have told 26 I’ll be able speak English well if I …… hard A studied B study C have studied D has studied 27 …… if I take a map A I will get lost B I will not get lost C I would get lost D I would not get lost 28 ……, I’d have told you the answer A If you asked me B Unless you asked me C You had asked me D Had you asked me 29 If you …… careful with electricity, you may get a shock A don’t B won’t C wouldn’t D aren’t 30 If I ……the trick with my own eyes, I would never have believed it possible A don’t see B didn’t see C hadn’t seen D haven’t seen Exercise Choose the best answer If I _you, I him the secret A was/ would tell B were/would tell C had been/would tell D had been/would have told He _tired now if he didn’t work hard yesterday A wouldn’t be B won’t be C won’t have been D wouldn’t have been If Mr Tom had left Paris two hours ago, he _in London an hour ago A would arrive B may arrive C may have arrived D would have arrived If Mary _ to the movies last night, she may still be sleeping now A went B had gone C would go D would have gone Unless you start at once, you late A are B will be C would late D won’t late Supposing you saw a flying saucer, what ? A would you B you would C will you D you will He _now if he had not watched football late last night A is not sleeping B does not sleep C wouldnot be sleeping D will not be sleeping If they _to Huong Pagoda by coach, they wouldn’t have got carsick A didn’t go B had gone C hadn’t gone haven’t gone 11 Assuming we had good weather now, we _be there by dusk A will be B won’t be C would be D wouldn’t be 12 If only he _me some money, I could have bought that new hi-fi A gave B has given C hadn’t given D had given 13 Should you want to get good marks, you harder A must learn B mustn’t learn C had to learn D would learn 94 14 Had we only thought of it in time, we troubles A wouldn’t get B would get C would have got D wouldn’t have got 15 Were we to find them at home, we them to go to the cinema with us A will invite B would invite C would have invited D will have invited 16 If Jack and Alice get married next year, they their sweetmoon in Paris A would have B have C had D will have 17 If our baby a girl, we will call her Marilyn A is B was C will be D shall be 18 If her sister is at home now, she with her mother A is cooking B will cook C will be cooking D will be cooked 20 Peter on the Great Wall if he had visited China last week A will be visiting B would visit C would be visiting D would have visited D BÀI TẬP TỰ GIẢI If I had had some money, I would give you some A B C D Giải thích : type – if + simple past + main + would + V If he jogs regularly, his health wouldn’t be so bad as it is now A B C D Giải thích : type – if + simple past + main + would + V I won’t go to school tomorrow unless I don’t feel better A BC D Giải thích : Unless = If not I would make a very interesting film about mathematicians if I am a film director A B CD Giải thích : type – if + simple past + main + would + V We could have saved more time if we took the plane A B C D Giải thích : type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 If the class is full, we would find another one A B C D Giải thích : type – if + simple present + main + will + V If I graduated from college, I wouldn’t have missed the opportunity last year A B C D Giải thích type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 If I were in your position, I would have changed the job A B C D Giải thích : type – if + simple past + main + would + V If she bought that house now, she ran out of money A B C D Giải thích : type – if + simple past + main + would + V (meaning ) 10 Were our train arrived punctually, we should have time to visit your sister A B C D Giải thích : Nếu câu động từ “were” mượn “were’ dùng “ to Verb” đảo ngữ 11 If Jack had not been honest, he would have returned the money AB C D Giải thích : type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 (meaning ) 12 I’ll be at the cinema on time unless I’ll have to work overtime A B C D Giải thích : type – if + simple present + main + will + V 13 If you had been careless, you wouldn’t have had an accident A B C D Giải thích : type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 95 14 If I die, please to inform my wife A B C D Giải thích : type – if + simple present, +V+C 15 If it hadn’t rain yesterday, I would have come to see you A B C D Giải thích : type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 16 If we had known the news, we would have been told you A B C D Giải thích : type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 17 If we were serious about pollution, we spent more money on research A B C D Giải thích : type – if + simple past + main + would + V 18 Tom would feel better if he takes the medicine A B C D Giải thích : type – if + simple past + main + would + V 19 If I am 10 centimeters taller, I would play basketball A B C D Giải thích : type – if + simple past + main + would + V 20 If I were you, I will go to the dentist’s and have the tooth checked A B C D Giải thích : type – if + simple past + main + would + V 21 If the weather weren’t too bad, we would to go swimming A B CD Giải thích : type – if + simple past + main + would + V 22 What would you have if you were in my position? A B C D Giải thích : type – if + simple past + main + would + V 23 If I had knew the time when the match started, I would have told you A B C D Giải thích : type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 24 If had I known you were in financial difficulty, I would have helped you A BC D Giải thích : type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 25 If she had listened to my direction, she will not turn down the wrong street A B C D Giải thích : type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 26 Had she worked harder last summer, she A wouldn't have been sacked B wouldn't have sacked C wouldn't sack D wouldn't be sacked Giải thích : type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 = had + S +P2 + main + would + have + P2 27 Unless someone has a key, we cannot get into the house A We could not get into the house if someone had a key B If someone does not have a key, we can only get into the house C We can only get into the house if someone has a key D If someone did not have a key, we could not get into the house Giải thích : type : Unless + if ………….not 28 I / not be / trouble / police / now if / take / your advice / first place A I wouldnt be in trouble with the police now if I had taken your advice in the first place B I wouldnt have been in trouble with the police now if I had taken your advice in the first place C I wont be in trouble with the police now if I take your advice in the first place D I shouldnt have been in trouble with the police now if I have taken your advice in the first place Giải thích : type 3+2 : – if + had P2 + main + would + V 96 29 Without transportation, our modern society would not exist A Our modern society will not exist without having traffic B Our modern society does not exist if there is no transportation C If transportation no longer exists, our modern society will not either D If there were no transportation, our modern society would not exist Giải thích : type But for/ without/if it weren’t for/ hadn’t been for… +NOUN.: không có… 30 If you didn’t get rid of smoking, A your health wouldn’t affect C you will affect your health B your health will be affected D your health would be affected Giải thích : type – if + simple past + main + would + V Đáp án D your health would be affected câu điều kiện loại (dựa vào cấu trúc ) 31 David broke his leg and couldn’t play in the final A If David didn’t break his leg, he could play in the final B If David hadn’t broken his leg, he could play in the final now C But for his broken leg, David couldn’t have played in the final D David couldn’t play in the final due to his broken leg Giải thích : type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 = had + S +P2 + main + would + have + P2 Tình ban đầu cho khứ cần sử dụng câu điều kiện loại để viết lại đáp án D David couldn’t play in the final due to his broken leg lại không phù hợp nghĩa chọn đáp án C 32 But for two minor mistakes, I would have got full marks for the test A If I didn’t make these two minor mistakes, I would have got full mark for the test B I would have got full marks for the test if there hadn’t been these two minor mistakes C Had I made two minor mistakes, I would have got full marks for the test D If the mistakes hadn’t been minor, I could have got full marks for the test Giải thích : type But for/ without/if it weren’t for/ hadn’t been for… +NOUN.: không có… 33 They were exposed to biased information, so they didn’t know the true story A If they got unbiased information, they could know the true story D If they have exposed to the unbiased information, they would have seen the true story C If they had been exposed to unbiased information, they would have known the true story B If they had unbiased the information, they could have known the true story Giải thích : type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 = had + S +P2 + main + would + have + P2 Tình đưa khứ cần sử dụng câu điều kiện loại để viết lại, đặt giả thiết 34 You might fall if you’re not careful 97 A Unless you are careful, you might not fall B If you are careless, you cannot be easy to fall C Be careful or else you will have a fall D You are not careless and you could have fallen Giải thích : type – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 = had + S +P2 + main + would + have + P2 Đáp án : Unless = If … not đáp án câu C Be careful or else you will have a fall 35 , we would be rich by now A If we invest in the telecommunications industry B Unless we had investment in the telecommunications industry C Did we invest in the telecommunications industry D Had we invested in the telecommunications industry Giải thích : type 3+2 : – if + had P2 + main + would + V III KẾT QUẢ TRIỂN KHAI CHUYÊN ĐỀ Sau tiết giảng dạy cho học sinh lớp 12 A2 trường THPT Sông Lô học kỳ vừa qua thấy em hiểu rõ hệ thống lại cách hoàn chỉnh câu điều kiện Mặc dù khả tiếng Anh em chưa thật tốt chuyên đề góp phần giúp em tự tin cầm đề thi đại học tay Đa phần em xử lý tập câu điều kiện tốt số em chưa thể linh hoạt với dạng đặc biệt câu điều kiện Qua kiểm tra câu điều kiện dạng tập liên quan cho kết : 100% em đạt > Trong có 28/45 học sinh chiếm 62% làm đạt từ đến em đạt điểm 9-10 chiếm 11,1% [...]... CHUYÊN ĐỀ Sau 8 tiết giảng dạy cho học sinh lớp 12 A2 tại trường THPT Sông Lô trong học kỳ 1 vừa qua tôi thấy rằng các em đã hiểu khá rõ và hệ thống lại một cách hoàn chỉnh về câu điều kiện Mặc dù khả năng tiếng Anh của các em chưa thật tốt nhưng chuyên đề đã góp phần nào giúp các em tự tin hơn khi cầm đề thi đại học trong tay Đa phần các em đã xử lý các bài tập của câu điều kiện khá tốt chỉ còn một số em... trong tay Đa phần các em đã xử lý các bài tập của câu điều kiện khá tốt chỉ còn một số em là còn chưa thể linh hoạt với các dạng đặc biệt của câu điều kiện Qua kiểm tra về câu điều kiện và các dạng bài tập liên quan cho kết quả : 100% các em đạt > 5 Trong đó có 28/45 học sinh chiếm 62% làm bài đạt từ 7 đến 8 5 em đạt điểm 9-10 chiếm 11,1% ... weren’t for/ hadn’t been for… +NOUN.: nếu không có… 30 If you didn’t get rid of smoking, A your health wouldn’t affect C you will affect your health B your health will be affected D your health would be affected Giải thích : type 2 – if + simple past + main + would + V Đáp án đúng là D your health would be affected vì đây là câu điều kiện loại 2 (dựa vào cấu trúc ) 31 David broke his leg and couldn’t... thích : type 3 – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 = had + S +P2 + main + would + have + P2 Tình huống ban đầu cho ở thì quá khứ vì thế cần sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 3 để viết lại nhưng đáp án D David couldn’t play in the final due to his broken leg lại không phù hợp về nghĩa vì thế chỉ có thể chọn đáp án đúng là C 32 But for two minor mistakes, I would have got full marks for the test A If I didn’t... have known the true story Giải thích : type 3 – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 = had + S +P2 + main + would + have + P2 Tình huống đưa ra ở trong quá khứ vì thế cần sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 3 để viết lại, đặt giả thi t 34 You might fall if you’re not careful 97 A Unless you are careful, you might not fall B If you are careless, you cannot be easy to fall C Be careful or else you will have a... Giải thích : type 2 – if + simple past + main + would + V (meaning ) 10 Were our train arrived punctually, we should have time to visit your sister A B C D Giải thích : Nếu trong câu không có động từ “were” thì mượn “were’ và dùng “ to Verb” khi đảo ngữ 11 If Jack had not been honest, he would have returned the money AB C D Giải thích : type 3 – if + had P2 + main + would + have P2 (meaning ) 12 I’ll... đúng của câu là C Be careful or else you will have a fall 35 , we would be rich by now A If we invest in the telecommunications industry B Unless we had investment in the telecommunications industry C Did we invest in the telecommunications industry D Had we invested in the telecommunications industry Giải thích : type 3+2 : – if + had P2 + main + would + V III KẾT QUẢ TRIỂN KHAI CHUYÊN ĐỀ Sau 8... sacked C had not been sacked D would not be sacked 19 If energy …… inexpensive an unlimited, many things in the world would be different A is B will be C were D would be 20 We …… the game if we’d had a few more minutes A might have won B won C had won D will win 21 Unless you …… all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you A answered B answer C would answer D.are answering 22 If I were you, I … ... using conditional sentence type 3 1 If Mary (wear)…………a raincoat, she would not have got a cold 2 There (not have)… …an accident if the driver in front hadn’t stopped so suddenly 3 If she had eaten something, she (not feel)……………………… hungry 4 If I (have)………………a sound sleep last night I would have been well 5 If it (not rain)…………yesterday we would have had lunch in t he garden 6 If it had not been very... for happiness for my family A have B am having C had D was having 24 If we …… enough rain, we could have grown rice A had had B had C have had D didn’t have 25 If he … us the truth in the first place, things wouldn’t have gone so wrong A has told B had told C would have told D should have told 26 I’ll be able speak English well if I …… hard A studied B study C have studied D has studied 27 …… if