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Để giúp các em đạt kết quả cao nhất trong kỳ thi này, Cô đã biên soạn lại toàn bộ những kiến thức môn Tiếng Anh thành các chuyên đề để hệ thống lý thuyết và bài tập theo một cách cô đọng nhất. Mong các em cố gắng ôn luyện và tham gia kỳ thi một cách tự tin nhất. Chúc các em học tốt và đạt kết quả cao nhất có thể
CẨM NANG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP Name : - Structures Mất thời gian để … : To Infinitive It + Takes / Took + Object +Time+ S + spend / spent + time + V-ing 2.The extra object “It” : S + V + It + Adj / Noun / Noun Phrase + To Infinitive Verbs : think , made , find , feel , believe , consider , prove… Clauses and phrases of purpose : Mệnh đề cụm từ mục đích @ Phrases of Purpose : cụm từ 3.1 Main clause + To / So as to / In order to + Verb ( bare infinitive ) 3.2 Main clause + Not to / So as not to / In order not to + Verb ( bare infinitive ) 3.3 Main clause + In order [ for + Object ] + ( not ) to infinitive ( Khác chủ ngữ ) @ Clauses of Purpose : mệnh đề can / could 3.4 Main clause + so that / in order that + S + (not)+Verb (bare infinitive) Examples Eg : She walks to school in thirty minutes to walk to school It takes her thirty minutes She spends thirty minutes walking to school Eg : Translating into Vietnamese is a good method I think It a good method to translate into Vietnamese Eg : 3.4@Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe 3.1 To keep people’s money safe , Banks are developed 3.4@The farmer built a high wall around the garden in order that the fruits would not be stolen 3.3 In order for the fruits not to be stolen , The farmer built a high wall around the garden 3.2@My father drove carefully in order not to cause accidents 3.4 My father drove carefully so that he would not cause accidents Mệnh đề cụm từ mục đích đứng trước sau mệnh đề will / would Clauses and phrases of result : Mệnh đề cụm từ kết 4.1 @ Clauses of result : * S + V + So + Adj / Adv + That + Clause.( S+ can / could + (not) +Verb (bare infinitive)) * S + V + Such + (A /An) + Adj + Noun + That + Clause 4.2 @ Phrases of result : * S + V + Too + Adj / Adv + ( For + Object ) + To Infinitive * S + V + Adj / Adv + Enough + ( For + Object ) + To Infinitive xung trang 10 ) Wish Clauses : ( Xem thêm phần bổ Mệnh đề ao ước Eg : @The exercises were so difficult that the students can’t finish them They were such difficult exercises that the students can’t finish them The exercises were too difficult for the students to finish them The exercises were not easy enough for the students to finish them @The tea was too hot for him to drink The tea was so hot that he could not drink it It was such hot tea that he could not drink it The tea was not cold enough for him to drink Eg : 5.1 I can’t speak English fluently I wish I could speak 5.1 @Future wish : S + wish + S + would / could + Verb ( bare inf ) 5.2 @ Present wish : S + wish + S + were (not) / Verb (cột / ed) / didn’t verb infinitive) 5.3 @ Past wish : (bare English fluently 5.2 My friends don’t take part in the game part in the game 5.3 I didn’t know that Alice was ill that Alice was ill I wish my friend took I wish I had known S + wish + S + Had (not) + Verb (pp) Clauses and phrases of reason /concession : Mệnh đề&cụm từ lí do/ nhượng Because / although / though … despite 6.1 S + be + adj 6.2 The / possessive +N+ be + adj N 6.3 S + V (tenses ) + … V-ing Because of / In spite of / Possessive + noun The / possessive + adj + ( Possessive ) + ( not ) + @Nếu mệnh đề nối với “BUT” Khi viết lại câu với Although / though , ta cần bỏ “BUT” đưa although / though vào mệnh đề đầu ( Xem thêm phần bổ xung trang ) Eg : 6.1 Because he is lazy , he often gets bad marks Because of his laziness , he often gets bad marks 6.2 Because the husbands were absent ,women went to work in factories Because of the absent husbands ,women went to work in factories Because of the husbands’ absence , women went to work in factories 6.3 Although she didn’t ask him , he helped her In spite of her not asking him , he helped her @ It was raining heavily , but the boys were playing football Although/though It was raining heavily,the boys were playing football Eg : @Mary is certainly more intelligent than her sister Mary’s sister is certainly not so intelligent as Mary / her @You don’t speak English as fluently as she She speaks English more fluently than you (do) Comparision of Adjectives and Adverbs : Câu @Today is not sunny as yesterday so sánh Yesterday is sunnier than today 7.1 @ Equal Comparisions : @I know him better than you You don’t know him so well as me S + V + as / so + adj / adv + as + noun / pronoun @Nobody in the team plays football so well as Tom Tom is the best football player in the team 7.2 @ Unequal Comparisions : Short adj / adv + er @The sooner you leave , the earlier you will arrive S+V+ + than + noun / pronoun The hotter it is , the more miserable I feel More + long adj / adv Notes : Good / well better the best 7.3 @ Superlatives : Short adj / adv + EST Bad / badly worse the worst S + V + the + + ( prepositional phrase Many / much more the most ) Little less the least Most + long adj / adv Far further/farther (KC) the further/farther (KC) 7.4 @ Double comparations: so sánh kép : Càng … °The + short adj / adv + er + S + V , The + short adj / adv + er + S + V °The more + long adj / adv + S + V , The more + long adj / adv + S + V Reported speech : tường thuật Câu 8.1 @Commands : (+) : S + asked / told + O + To Infinitive + O… (_) : S + asked / told + O + Not to Infinitive … 8.2 @Statements : S + told / said to + O + S + V ( lùi ) … 8.3 @Questions : 1°Yes / no questions : wanted to know S + asked + O + If/Whether + S + V ( lùi ) … 2°Wh_ questions : wondered wanted to know asked / told + O + Wh+ S + V ( lùi ) … wondered Notes : Khi gặp câu đk loại & , câu có thời gian xác đònh cụ thể không lùi S + Đổi viết câu : 9.1 @ Started/Began+to inf/V-ing+time ago Has/have+V(3/ed) +since/for+time Has/have+been+Ving+since/for+time 9.2 @ S + has / have + not + V ( / ed ) +(O)+ since / for + time S + last + V ( / ed ) + (O) + time ago It ‘s + time + since + S + V ( / ed ) + (O) The last time + S + V ( / ed ) + (O) + was + time ago 9.3 @ S + has / have + never / not + V ( / ed ) + O + before Eg : 8.1 @“Hurry up , Lan” He told Lan To hurry up 8.1 @“Don’t leave the room” He ordered them Not to leave the room 8.1 @"Be modest if you are a good pupil”,said my father My father told me to be modest if I was a good pupil 8.2 @"I ‘ll take these with me”,he said He said he would take those with him 8.3 @"Did you phone me yesterday ?”Peter asked Mary Peter asked Mary If/Whether she had phoned her the day before / the previous day 8.3 @The teacher asked “Which book are you taking , John?” The teacher wanted to know which book John was taking Thay đổi trạng ngữ nơi chốn thời gian cho phù hợp This That These Those Here There Now Then Today That day Ago Before Tonight That night Yesterday The day before / The previous day Tomorrow The day after / The following day Next week The week after / The following week Eg : 9.1 I started studying English six years ago I have ……………………………………………………………………… 9.2 They have not gone on a picnic for many months They last …………………………………………… 9.3 She has never seen him before It is the …………………………………………………………………………………… 9.2 The last time I met him was two weeks ago I …………………………………………………………………… 9.4 I have never heard such a beatiful song before This is ………………………… Trang 10 Eg: He gets up early in the morning and he is used to it 10.1 He is used to getting up in the morning This is the first time + S + has / have + V ( / ed ) + O 9.4 @ S + has / have + never / not + V ( / ed ) + such + ( a/an ) + N + before This is the first time + S + has / have + V ( / ed ) + such + ( a/an ) + N This / It is the most + long adj + N + S + has / have + ever + V ( / ed ) up the short adj + EST + N + S + has / have + ever + V ( / ed ) 10 Các cấu trúc liên quan đến “USE” : 10.1 @Be used to / get used to + V-ing / Noun : Quen với 10.2 @Be used to + V (bare inf) / Be used for + V-ing : Được dùng để 10.3 @Used to + V (bare inf) : Đã 10.4 @Use sth up / Be used up sử dụng hết : Sử dụng / 10.5 @Use sth + To infinitive : Sử dụng để 11 Inversion : Cấu trúc đảo ngữ Khi trạng từ mang nghóa phủ đònh ( Seldom , Rarely , Never , No sooner , Hardly , Not until , No longer … ) đặt đầu câu Phải đảo ngữ trợ từ 12 Subject and Verb agreement : ngữ & động từ 12.1 Singular subjects Singular verbs đ.từ số Plural subjects Plural verbs đ.từ số nhiều Hòa hợp chủ : chủ ngữ số : chủ ngữ số nhiều 12.2 @ Chủ ngữ số : Các danh từ : tiền , khoảng cách , thời gian , bệnh tật ( measles ,mumps ,rickets…) , môn học ( physics , mathematics , economics , politics , statistics ,linguistics , athletics …) , danh từ riêng (Athens, the Originally, tennis was an indoor game 10.3 Tennis used to be an indoor game English coversation in class 10.1 Those students are used to English coversation in class People use gold for guaranteeing the value of the paper money 10.2 Gold is used for guaranteeing the value of the paper money 10.4 Some people believed that the world’s resources could be used 10.5 We can use this knife to cut … 11 Eg : I seldom come there at night Seldom I come there at night People didn’t discover Aids until 1981 Not until 1981 did people discover Aids We have never seen such a wonderful sight before Never have we seen such a wonderful sight before She had not gone to bed until her father got home from work Not until her father got home from work had she gone to bed 12 Eg : A box of cigarettes (contain) 20 pipes There (be) very few cultural activites here My trousers (be) too long None of the students (finish) the exam yet Physics (study) mechanics,heat,light,sound and electricity That you like the food I cook (encourage) me very much A number of the students (fail) in the exam The United States (have) the population of 250 million Collecting stamps (be) my brother’s hobby 10 The singer , along with her manager (be) going to the party tonight 11 Cattle (be) allowed to graze on the village common 12 Two years (be) a long time to be without a job 13 Neither his parents nor his teacher (be) satisfied with his result 14 Three miles (be) too much to run in a day Philippines, Wales , the United Nations , the United States, Brussels …) ,tựa đề sách/truyện ( TOM and JERRY ) ,các danh từ không đếm , V-ing / To infinitive phrases , mệnh đề , Each / every… / no… / one … Động từ chia số : is , was , has , does not , V s/es 15 Writing letter (make) her happy 16 “Romeo and Juliet” (be) shown at Dong Khoi Cinema last month 17 Not only my brother but also my sisters (be) here 18 Nobody (have) cleaned the floor for months 19 The production of dyes,perfumes and explosives (have) - made a lot of progress 20 Every boy and girl in this room (know) the answer 21 The news that I listened to on the radio last night (be) very interesting 12.3 @ Chủ ngữ số nhiều : Các danh từ tận bằng“S”(trừ trường hợp ) : clothes-trousersjeans… , the+Adj (the deaf ,the rich , the poor …) , People / police / poultry / cattle / team / staff / chilren / women / public / audience … , Both / many / several / few / some / a large number - a mount of … 13 Eg : @ People speak Enghish all over the world Động từ chia số nhiều : are , were , have , Enghish is spoken all over the world not , V (inf.) @ Is she making a new dress for her mother ? 12.4 @ Các trường hợp dùng từ nối : Is a new dress being made for her mother ? Either or @ The boys broke the window and took away some pictures Neither + S1 + nor + S2 V depends on S2 The window was broken and somes pictures were taken away by Not only but also the boys S1 + with / together with + S2 V depends on S1 @ You must clean the wall before you paint it as well as / along with The wall must be cleaned before it is painted S1 + in / on / of + S2 V depends on S1 A number of + Noun Plural verb The number of + Noun Singular verb There + be + Noun Be phụ thuộc Eg: 13.1& 13.2 He can’t see anything > Nothing can be seen ( by him vào Noun ) All / some / none / plenty / half / most / the rest / a lot / lots + of + Plural noun Plural verb All / some / none / plenty / half / most / the rest / a lot / lots + of + Eg: 13.3 John gave me a present > I was given a present by John Singular noun > A present was given for me Singular verb by John 13 Active and passive voice : Eg: 13.4 Alice saw Ann last week > Ann was seen by Alice last Câu bò động week Tenses Active Passive Mr Smith found the boy in the park > The boy was found in the park by Mr Smith 1 Simple present Simple past Present continuous Past continuous Present/past perfect Modal verbs ° S + V(s/es) + O ° S + am / is / are + V(pp) ° S + V(2 / ed) + O ° S + AM / IS / ARE + ° S + was / were + V(pp) ° S+Am/Is/Are + Being Eg :13.5 Smoke filled the room smoke > The room was filled with V-ing ° S + HAS / HAVE + Eg : 13.6 I had him repair my bicycle yesterday +V(pp) > I had my bicycle repaired ( by him ) yesterday ° S+Was/Were + Being Eg : 13.6 I get her to make some coffee > I get some coffee made ( by her +V(pp) ° S+ Has / Have + Been+ ) V(pp) V(pp) V-ing ° S + WAS / WERE + HAD ° S + MODAL + V (bare inf) Had ° S + MODAL + Be +V (pp) Modals : can,could,will,would,shall,should,may,might,must,used to,have to,has to,had to… 13.1 Chủ ngữ câu chủ động :I,we,you,he,she,it,they,people,someone,somebody… Khi đổi sang câu bò động là: by me,us,you,him,her,it,them,people,somebody….thì bỏ 13.2 Chủ ngữ câu chủ động anybody , anyone , anything … đổi sang câu bò động phải chuyển thành nobody , no one , nothing … chuyển động từ sang ngược thể 13.3 Nếu câu chủ động có tân ngữ, tân ngữ làm chủ ngữ câu bò động 13.4 By + O đứng trước trạng ngữ thời gian đứng sau trạng ngữ nơi chốn câu bò động 13.5 Nếu tân ngữ câu bò động vật , việc dùng giới từ “with” thay cho “by” trước tân ngữ 13.6 Dạng nhờ bảo ( Causative forms ) : Active : S + have + O ( người ) + bare infinitive + O ( vật ) S + get + O ( người ) + to infinitive + O ( vật ) Passive : S + have / get + O ( vật ) + V (pp) + by O (người) 14 Relative clauses : Mệnh đề liên hệ 14 Eg : I don’t know the reason She left school fot it I don’t know the reason ( for Which ) …………………… she left school This is the house We often stay in this house in the summer This is the house ( in WHICH ) …………………… we often stay in the summer Can you arrange the time ? We can have another discussion at that time Can you arrange the time ( at WHICH ) ………………… we can have another discussion ? The man is my father I respect his opinion best The man …………………… opinion I respect most is my father The taxi driver is friendly He took me to yhe airport The taxi driver …………………… took me to the airport is friendly Mary and Margaret are twins You met them yesterday Mary and Margaret , …………………… you met yesterday , are twins I look at the moon It was very bright that evening I look at the moon …………………… was very bright that evening That is the man to …………………… I spoke this morning Trang 15 Eg : If you are not careful , you will cut yourself with that knife If I knew the answer , I would tell you If we had had a map , we would not have got lost If you had learnt / learned hard , you wouldn’t have failed the exam last year Had you learnt / learned hard , you wouldn’t have failed the exam 14.1 @ WHO : Verb 14.2 @ WHOM : + Verb used for people ( Subject ) WHO + used for people ( Object ) WHOM + S him,her,them,you,us,me… 14.3 @ WHOSE : used to show possession WHOSE + Noun his,her,their,your,our,my… 14.4 @ WHICH : used for things ( Subject / Object ) WHICH + ( S ) + Verb 14.5 @ WHERE : used to modify a place At / In / On + WHICH , there 14.6 @ WHEN : used to modify a noun of time At / In / On + WHICH , then 14.7 @ WHY : used to introduce a reason The reason , for the reason Notes :1 Nếu có cụm từ : Neither of them ,All of them ,Some of them , Any of them … Neither of / All of / Some of / Any of … + which / whom Chỉ sử dụng WHOM or WHICH sau giới từ Không dùng THAT mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn.(có dấu phẩy ) 15 Conditional clauses : If clauses Main clauses Real condition : Có thật S + V(s/es) / am,is,are S + will/shall/can/may (not) + V(bare inf) Present unreal condition : Không thật S + V(2/ed) / were(not) S + would/could/should/might (not) + V(bare inf) Didn’t + V(bare inf) Past unreal condition : Không thật khứ last year If she does not water these trees , they will die Unless she waters these trees , they will die If we had more rain , our crops would grow faster Unless we had more rain , our crops would not grow faster Be calm , or you will make a wrong decision If you are not calm , you will make a wrong decision Without the sun , man would live in the darkness If there were not the sun , man would live in the darkness as if / as though : dường had +V3/ed S + V + as if / as though + S + V2 hay Ex: She talked as if she were my mother She talked as though she had just met a ghost - give up: stop doing / having sth: ngưng, từ bỏ - glance at sb/ sth: take a quick look at: liếc nhìn - go away: đđi khỏi - go by : trôi qua ( time ) - go off: nổ ( bomb ), bắn ( gun), reo ( clock ) - go on: continue : tiếp tục - go out: stop burning/ shining: tắt - grown up: become an adult - hold up : làm trở ngại - hurry up: làm nhanh - invite sb to/ for sth: mời - jot down = note down : ghi tom tat - keep on = continue : tiep tuc - keep up : giữ vững trì, tiếp tục - laugh at sb/ sth: cười, trêu chọc, chế nhạo - leave somewhere for .: rời - talk to / with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói, bàn, thảo luận - throw sth at sb/ sth: ném, chọi vào - throw away: discard vứt, ném, liệng - throw sth to sb: chuyền - try out : test : thử nghiệm - turn down: giam, khong chap nhan - take off : cất cánh, cởi - turn off: switch off : tắt (đèn, quạt ), shut off - turn on: switch on: mở (đèn, quạt ) - turn round: quay lại - turn up : mo lon, đđến - wash up: wash the S + had (not ) + V(3/ed) have + V(3/ed) S + would/could/should/might (not) + Notes : 1. Đối với câu điều kiện loại (were) loại ( had+V 3/ed) , ta đảo ngữ bỏ “IF” Unless = If … not : If clauses Unless Thể phủ đònh khẳng đònh ( mệnh đề không đổi ) Thể khẳng đònh khẳng đònh (đổi động từ mệnh đề sang ngược thể ) V (bare inf) + O + or + Clause If + Clause ( phủ đònh ) , Clause Clause + by + V-ing If + Clause ( khẳng đònh ) , Clause Without + N / N phrase ,Clause If there be not + N / N phrase ,Clause 16 Phrasal Verbs : Cụm động từ - apply to sb for sth: nộp đđơn đđến xin - ask sb for sth: hỏi xin ai/ yêu cầu - take after: resemble: trông giống - call back: gọi lại - call up : goi dien - catch up ( with) :đđuổi kịp, bắt kịp - come up : xay ra, phat sinh - cool off: nguội lạnh đđi, giảm đđi ( nhiệt tình) - discuss sth with sb = have a discussion about sth: thảo luận - drop in: ghe tham - explain sth to sb: giải thích - fall behind: bị tụt đđằng sau - fill in : đđiền vào ( mẫu đđơn) - fill up: day - find out: discover information - get along (with): have a good relation ship with - get in / on : enter a car/ taxi .buoc len - get over : recover : bình phục - get off: leave a bus/ train buoc xuong - listen to sb/ sth: lắng nghe - get through (with): ket thuc - get up: thức dậy - give back: tra lai - give in: nhượng bộ, dishes: rửa chén - watch out (for): be careful - put on: dress yourself in sth: mặc vào postpone - run into = come across : tinh co gap - search sb/ sth for sb/ sth: khám, xét, tìm - speak to/ with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói với Lose track of : ……………………………………… Give place to : ……………………………………… Give way to : ……………………………………… Put a stop to : ……………………………………… Pay attention to : ……………………………………… Put an end to : ……………………………………… With To : harmful , kind , - write to sb: viết thư gởi - put off = call of : - speak up : nói to lên - sit down: ngồi xuống Lose touch with : ……………………………………… Make room for : ……………………………………… Make a fuss over / about : ……………………………………… Make allowance for : ……………………………………… Keep pace with : ……………………………………… acceptable , accustomed , agreable , contrary , likely , lucky , open , pleasant, important , similar …… + TO With Of : OF afraid , ahead , aware , capable , confident , full…… + With For : difficult , late , useful , perfect , available … + FOR With About : sad , confused , serious … + ABOUT 19 Eg : 1 As time go - , my memory seems to get worse 2 He went - the burglars 3 We are going - for a few days for the holiday 4 The price of petrol is going because the cost of the exploitation is too high 5 Go - your composition carefully before you hand it in 6 The dog wanted to go - toward the fire 7 Despite the bad weather , the picnic will go - chịu thua - lie down: nằm xuống( đđể nghỉ ngơi) - leave out : omit - look after = take care of = to care for : chăm sóc, trông nom - look out (for): be careful - look sth up: tra cứu - make up : invent a story:bịa - make up of : chiem, tao - make use of : su dung - pay back: tra lai - pick up : nhat, don - point at/ to sb/ sth: - put away: dat cho khac - put back: dat tro lai 17 Verb + Noun phrase + Preposition : Catch sight of : Take account of : ……………………………………… ……………………………………… Lose sight of : Take care of : ……………………………………… ………………………………………… Make fun of : Take notice of : ……………………………………… …………………………………….… Make use of : Take advantage of : …………………………………… ………………………………… Set fire to : Take note of : …………………………… …………………………………………… …………… 18 Prepositions following adjectives : Các giới từ theo sau tính từ With At : clever , present , quick , skilful … + AT With With : acquainted , crowded , friendly , popular… +WITH With In : interested , rich , successful…… + IN With From : absent , different , safe…… + FROM 19 Two – word verbs with “GO” : Go over : look at sth carefully , inspect sth Go out : stop burning , be extinguished Go on : take place,happen continue without changing continue speaking,after a short pause Go off : be fired , explode Go by : ( of time ) pass Go back : return 8 The gun went by accident 9 The fire has gone - 10 The alarm clock went - at five o’lock 11 There was a power failure and all the lights went - 12 The bomb went - in a crowded street 13 Tom is a very studious pupil.He always goes - all his leson every day 14 Why don’t you go - working.The examination has drawn near 20 Examples : In 1994 , In the nineteenth century , In the morning , In the 1970s , In summer , In November At 7.00 , At midnight , At Christmas , At Easter , At the weekend… On 19 July , On Monday , On Sunday evening , On my birthday , On Christmas Day… 21 Eg : I have lived here for years / since 1991 with For or Since : 1984 then hours Complete the phrases two o’clock a long time my birthday ten years Wednesday last week 22.2 “-S / -ES”: a, We pronounce the final syllable as : “s” after / p , k , f , t , H / sounds Eg: tapes , cakes , froofs , pets , months … b, we pronounce the final syllable as : “iz” after / z , dZ , S , tS , s , ks / sounds Eg: mazes-noses,oranges-bridges , dishes-crashes , matches-speches , busesclasses , taxes-boxes c, Another sounds , we pronounce the final syllable as :“z” Eg: songs , tables , hands , lessons , dreams … Exercises : baths windows knocks skirts names Go away : leave a place Go along : progress,develop Go ahead : be carried out , take place begin to sth without hesitation Go after : chase or pursue somebody Go up : (of prices) become higher Go down : (of prices) become lower 20 Prepositions : In , At , On In is used with : years,centuries,parts of the day,decades,seasons,months At is used with : times,holidays,weekends On is used with : dates,days of the week,special days No preposition is used with : Expressions with Ago , Tonight , This morning … , tomorrow , tomorrow morning … , yesterday , yesterday morning … , last … , next … 21 Since & For : Since + a point in time [ mốc thời gian ] For + a period of time [ khoảng thời gian ] 22 Pronunciation : 22.1 “-ED”: a,When the verbs ends in /t / or /d / sounds,we pronounce the final syllable as:“id” Eg: needed , wanted , decided , posted , added , waited , included , provided … b, After / s , S , tS , k , p , f, x / sounds , we pronounce the final syllable as :“t” Eg: stopped,cooked, missed , laughed , pushed , wacthed , packed , washed , boxed c, Another sounds , we pronounce the final syllable as :“d” Eg: pulled , happened , married , smiled , opened … Exercises : worked combed described arranged Enjoy : thích Avoid : tránh Be Worth : đáng Mind : làm phiền / ngại Postpone / Delay : trì hoãn Miss : lỡ / nhỡ Be Busy : bận It’s no use / good : chẳng có ích/ lợi Hate = Detest : ghét 10 Can’t Bear / Stand : ko thể chòu 11 Have fun / a good time 12 Consider : xem / coi 13 Keep : giữ / 14 Be Accustomed To : quen với 15 Practice : luyện tập 16 Look forward to : mong chờ 17 Get used to / Be used to : quen với 18 Suggest : đề nghò 19 Forgive : tha thứ 20 Quit : / ngừng 21 Discuss : thảo luận 22 Help / can’t help : nhòn masses pages matches noises bells potatoes 23 Admit : thừa nhận 24 Recollect : hồi tưởng 25 Appreciate : thưởng thức 26 Resist : chòu đựng 27 Tolerate : tha thứ 28 Recall : nhớ lại 29 Mention : đề cập / nói đến 30 Have difficulty : gặp khó khăn 31 Waste : lãng phí 32 Complete : hoàn tất / thành 33 Deny : từ chối 34 Recommend : khuyên 35 Understand : hiểu / biết 36 Resent : không lòng 37 Risk : mạo hiểm 38 Sau giới từ / mạo từ / tình từ sở hữu @Chú ý: The verbs may be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund with little or no difference in meaning : Finish / Start / Begin / Love / Prefer / Hate/ Dislike / Like / Continue / Can’t Bear / Can’t Stand spoons depths babies thiefs Verbs followed by Gerund: Theo sau động từ V-ing Verbs followed by Either the Infinitive or the Gerund : hai hình thức educated smiled reached printed bathed naked showed thanked included boxed provided camped 23 TO INFINITIVE – GERUND – & BARE INFINITIVE Verbs followed by To-infinitive: infinitive Theo sau động từ To - Verbs followed by A (pro) noun + an infinitive: Would Like : thích Be Able : làm Be Willing : sẵn lòng Be going to : Desire : ao ước Hope : hi vọng Decide : đònh Want : muốn Intend : có ý đònh 10 Expect : mong chờ 11 Promise : hứa 12 Command : lệnh/yêu cầu 13 Instruct : dẫn 14 Order : lệnh 15 Remind : nhắc nhở 16 Manage : cố gắng xoay sở 17 Refuse : từ chối Verb + noun / pronoun + to infinitive 1.Advise She advise me to wait until tomorrow 2.Allow He allowed me to use his car Ask I asked John to help us Forbid I forbid you to tell him Permit He permitted the chilren to stay up late Remind She reminded me to lock the door Teach My brother taught me to swim Warn I warned you to be happy Encourage He encouraged me to try again 10 Invite Harry invited the Johnsons to come to his party 11 Require Our teacher requires us to be on time 12 Expect I expect you to be on time ………… @Chú ý: Nếu sau động từ Object dùng: V-ing They allowed smoking here 31 Threaten : đe dọa 1, Like / Dislike / Prefer / Hate / Detest V – ing : thích / ghét thật To-infinitive : thích cho tốt nên làm Eg : I like lying on the beach I like to lie on the beach Stop ( Tôi thích thật , thấy vui nằm ) ( Tôi cho điều tốt , thấy cần nằm ) V – ing : ngừng làm công việc mà ta làm To – infinitive : ngừng làm công việc sang làm công việc khác Eg : She stopped going to classes when she got sick friends Remember / Forget / Regret He stops to talk to his V – ing : việc xảy To-infinitive : việc chưa xảy / cần phải làm Eg : I remember seeing the Alps for the first time The sight was impressive Judy always remembers to lock the door before going out Eg : I regret (hối hận) lending him some money I regret (rất tiếc) to tell you that you failed the test Try V – ing : thử làm việc To – infinitive : cố gắng làm việc Eg : I am trying to learn English The room was hot.I tried opening the window,but that didn’t help so I tried turning on the fan Trang 25 Bảng Tóm Tắt Cấu Trúc Một Số Thì HỂ THÌ T Hiện Tại Đơn KHẲNG ĐỊNH S+(V) PHỦ ĐỊNH S + ( NOT + V ) NGHI VẤN S+(V)? TÍN HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT THÌ - S(số nhiều) + V - S(số ) - S + DO not + V - S + DOES not +V - DO + S + V? - DOES +S + V? Always, usually, frequently, often, seldom , constantly , rarely ,occasionally,normally, +Vs/es 18 Believe tưởng 19 Agree 20 Arrange xếp 21 Invite 22 Offer nghò 23 Demand hỏi/yêu cầu 24 Deserve đáng 25 Seem 26 Mean muốn / có ý 27 Pretend dò/giả vờ 28 Ask : yêu cầu/hỏi 29 Beg : cầu xin 30 Appear : tin : đồng ý : : mời : đề : đòi 32 Volunteer : tình nguyện 34 Hesitate : dự / ngần ngại 33 Wish : ao ước 35 Encourage : khuyến khích 36 Warn : cảnh báo/báo trước 37 Need : cần 38 Attempt : cố gắng 39 Prepare : chuẩn bò 40 Sau tính từ : xứng : dường : : dặn : xuất Verbs followed by Bare - Infinitive: Theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu Sau động từ giác quan : See - Hear - Smell - Feel - Taste - Watch - Notice - Touch … Sau động từ : Would please , would rather , had better ,Let ,Help, Make , Observe , … Sau động từ khiếm khuyết : Can / could / may / might / must / have to / ought to / … Would rather + S + V2/ed , 24 The sequence of tenses : Phối hợp S+ am/is/are S+ am/is/are + not Am/Is/Are+ S+? H Tại Tiếp Diễn AM S+ IS +VING ARE AM S + IS not+V -ING ARE AM IS + S +V -ING? ARE Hiện Tại Hoàn Thàn h HAVE S+ + PP HAS HAVE S+ + PP HAS not HAVE +S+ PP ? HAS H Tại Hoàn Thàn h Tiếp Diễn S+ HAVE / HAS + BEEN + V ING S + HAVE / HAS + not + BEEN + V - ING HAVE / HAS + S + BEEN +V -ING ? Quá Khứ Đơn S+ were/was V2/ed S + were/was not did not + V Were/Was+S +.? Did + S + V? Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn Q.Kh ứ Hoàn Thàn h Tương Lai Đơn WAS S + +VING WERE WAS S+ not +V -ING WERE WAS +S +VING? WERE S + HAD + PP S + HAD not + PP HAD + S + PP ? WILL S+ +V SHALL WILL S+ not + V SHALL WILL V? SHALL +S+ sometimes Every day / week / month / year /… Now,right now ,at this time, at the moment , at present, Don’t ! , Listen! , Look! … Just, already, yet, ever, never, lately, recently, so far,up till now, since…,for…, in the last,… Now, up till now, since… , for, … Yesterday, ago, last year/ month/… , during, in years… Then, at that time, at this time last … , at o’clock yesterday, between 3.30 and 4.30, as , when , while Before, after,when, by the time, … Tonight, tomorrow, soon, again , next week /month In future, in 2010,… Present simple tense Simple future tense past simple past continuous/perfect Present simple /continuous WHEN / UNTIL tense WHEN / AS past simple/continuous WHILE Past simple tense WHILE Past perfect tense Present perfect tense 10 Past perfect tense - present simple tense - present perfect AFTER UNTIL SINCE BEFORE - past simple tense - present continuous Tương Lai Gần T.Lai Tiếp Diễn tense - past continuous tense - past perfect tense T.Lai Hoàn Thàn h S + AM / IS / ARE + GOING TO +V S + AM/IS /ARE + NOT + GOING TO + V AM/IS /ARE + S + GOING TO + V ? S + WILL + BE + VING S + WILL + not + BE + V-ING WILL + S + BE + VING ? S + WILL + HAVE + PP S + WILL + not + HAVE + PP WILL + S + HAVE + PP ? By + mốc t.gian ( By the time , By then ) - past simple tense - past simple tense Past simple tense EXERCISE : Complete the sentences with suitable tense As soon as the visitors (leave) ……………, Mum made us tidy up the house After we (complete) …………………… ……… the test, the teacher gave us some English magazines to read The druggist (leave, already) ……………………………… for home when we got to the store yesterday Mr Carlson (talk) ………… ……to another man when I saw him this morning We (wait) …………………………………for you right here when you return at 5: 30 p.m tomorrow He said he (not, meet) ………………Mary when he (come) ………………… there last week By the time I (arrive) ……….…, the football match (already, start) ………………… I’ll give him this parcel when he (come) …………………back here next week I’ll wait for her until she (finish) ……………………………………….…………the exam 10 Mrs Brown cut her finger while she (slice) ……………………….……………the bread 11 After I (ask) ………………………her twice, she finally (tell) ……………… me her name 12 I (ask) ……………………… the teacher a question after the class has been over 13 What you (learn) …………………… …… since you (come) ……………….………… here ? 14 Sam (already, leave) ……………………………… … when we get back 15 Gary will come soon I (wait) …………………… here until he (come) …………………… 16 When I (arrive)………………… at his house last night, he still (sleep) …………………… Trang 28 Tổng hợp môt số từ (có giới từ ) cần ý : Prevent … from + V-ing : ngăn… khỏi Object to + V-ing : phản đối Apologize to someone for sth : xin lỗi Accuse someone of : buộc tội Warn about : cảnh báo Would rather + V(bare inf)/Clause(s.past) Fail + to inf = not succeed in + V-ing S(vật) + need to be + V(pp) need + V-ing = S(người) + must + V(bare inf) need + to inf Eg : The grass needs to be cut / cutting = I must cut the grass/I need to cut the grass Put back into use : tái sử dụng Wipe out : quét On the other hand : mặt khác Inherit … from : thừa kế từ Laugh at : cười chế nhạo Take part in / Join in :tham gia vào Suffer from : chòu đựng Light up : châm thuốc Be involved in : liên quan/dính líu đến Go along:tiến hành On the contrary : trái lại Introduce … to : giới thiệu với Make a point of : quen với Invite … to : mời đến Ban … from : cấm đến In view of : xét đến / lý 17 As we (cross) ……………………the street, the policeman (shout) …………………at us 18 After they (go) …………………………………, we (sit) down and (rest) ……………….…………… 19 When I asked her, she (say) ……………………that she (already, see) ………………… Dr Rice 20 The light (go) ………………………… out while we (have ) ……………………………… dinner 26 The order of Adjectives : Trật tự tính từ Determiner + Opinion +Size + Quality + Age + Shape + Colour + Origin + Material + Purpose + Noun Examples : Determiner : a/an/the/some/any/many/my/his /this/that/these/those Opinion : nice / wonder / excerllent / lovely / terrible / awful … Size : large / small / long / short / tall … Quality : clear / busy / famous / important … Age : old / new / young… Shape : round/square/fat/thin/wide/narrow… Colours : red / white / blue / green / black … Origin : British / Italian / Chinese / Japanese … Material : brick / paper / plastic / wooden / silver / golden… Purpose : alarm (clock) / tennis (court) / walking (boots) Exercises : She is holding ( handbag / shiny / small / a / black ) He has got ( tea / a / Japanese / cup / white / large / antique ) Jack has just bought ( racket / tennis / expensive / a ) ( Car / this / red / luxurious / Rolls-Royce ) is my father’s ( Desk / small / that / Chinese / writing ) is mine 27 How + Adj / Adv ? Turn into : chuyển thành In this respect : phương diện Throw out : ném , thải Account for : nguyên nhân Care for (thích) , about (lo lắng) Satisfy with : hài lòng với Protect … from + V-ing : bảo vệ khỏi Be up to = depend on : tùy thuộc vào Get into : mắc phải Come into being : đời , thành lập Put in force : có hiệu lực Regard as : xem Put aside : gạt sang bên Keen on : háo hức On the whole :nhìn /nói chung Belong to : thuộc Ask for : hỏi xin Combine with : kết hợp với Aim toward : nhắm/ngắm hướng Bổ xung phần ( Clauses and phrases of reason /concession ) Adjective Noun Adjective Noun Tired Important Tiredness Importance Sick Different Sickness Difference Ill Absent Illness Absence Late Honest Lateness Honesty Kind Difficult Kindness Difficulty Lazy Poor Laziness Poverty Sad Noisy The Sadness noise Dark Invent The Darkness invention of Trang 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 27.7 27.8 Age : Height : Distance : Length : Speed : Width : Depth : Weight : 27.9 Frequency : Time: 27.10 Quantity : How old are you ? Bổ xung phần ( Tính Từ Trái Nghóa ) Bad : Xấu # Good, fine How tall / high is he ? Beautiful : Đẹ p # Ugly How far is it from your home to school ? Big : Bự, lơnù # Small How long is this river ? Bored : Buồn tẻ # Amused,excit ed How fast can you jog ? Boring : Buồn chán # Interesting How wide is your room ? Bright : Sáng # Dark How deep is this pool ? Busy : Bận rộn # Free Careful(ly) : Cẩn thận # Careless(ly) How heavy are those bags ? Cheap : Rẻ # Expensive How much you weigh ? Clever : Khéo léo # Silly, stupid How often you visit your parents ? Cloudy : Có mây # Cloudless How long will you stay here ? How much is that shoes ? Cold : Lạnh lẽo # Hot How many students are there in your class ? Exercises : They’ve stayed in Hanoi for months How …………………………………………………………………? His house is 250 square meters in width How …………………………………………………………? My sister receives letters once a week How ……………………………………………………………? He spent 15 minutes cleaning his bicycle yesterday How …………………………………… ? A dozen of eggs costs pounds How ……………………………………………………………………………? My father is over 60 years old now How ……………………………………………………………………………… ? 29 Tag – questions: Câu hỏi đuôi Câu hỏi đuôi câu hỏi thêm vào cuối câu *QUI TẮC HÌNH THÀNH CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI: Ta thêm dấu phẩy vào cuối câu thay cho dấu chấm câu cũ Đảo ngữ vế đầu phía sau Vế trước không "NOT" vế sau có "NOT" ngược lại Từ "NOT" bắt buộc phải viết dạng rút gọn Chủ ngữ phía trước danh từ hay cụm từ đảo ngữõ 2 2 3 : : : : Tốt, đẹp Xấu xí Xấu xí Vui : : : : : : Hay, hấp dẫn Tối Rãnh rỗi Bất cẩn Mắc, đắt tiền Ngớ ngẩn : Không có mây : Nóng Coll : Mát mẻ # Warm : m Difficult : Khó # Easy : Dễ Difficulty : Khó # Easily : Dễ Dirty : Bẩn thỉu # Clean, pure : Sạch, lành Dry : Khô # Wet : Ướt Early : Sớm # Late : Trễ Easy : Dễ # Hard, difficult : Khó Empty : Trống không # Full : Đầy Excited : Hay # Bored : Buồn, dở Exciting : Hay # Boring, bad : Buồn, dở Far : Xa # Near : Gần Fast : Nhanh # Slow : Chậm chạp Free : Rãnh rỗi # Busy : Bận Good : Tốt, giỏi # Bad : Dở, tệ, xấu Happy : Vui # Sad, bored : Buồn Hard : Cứng, khó # Soft, easy : Mềm, dễ High : Cao # Low : Thấp Hot : Nóng # Cold : Lạnh Hungry : Đói # Full : No phía sau phải rút gọn thành ĐẠI TỪ NHÂN XƯNG tương ứng Ví dụ: 1- You are tall You are tall, …………………………………? aren't you? 2- Lan is beautiful. Lan is beautiful, ……………………………….? isn't she? 3- Your father can’t play tennis Your father can play tennis , ………………? can he? 4- Nam doesn't go to the zoo Nam doesn't go to the zoo, …………………………? does he? 5- Her mother cooks well Her mother cooks well, ……………………………….? doesn't she? Chú ý: 29.1 MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HP BIẾN ĐỔI ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP: *ĐỘNG TỪ VẾ TRƯỚC *ĐỘNG TỪ Ở SAU ĐUÔI is isn't 19 are aren't am not am 20 is not = isn't is are not = aren't are 21 will won't can can't 22 may mayn't mayn't may 23 must mustn't must not = mustn't must 24 shall shan't shan't shall 25 will not = won't will cannot = can't can 26 have don't has doesn't 27 have not = haven't have 10 has not = hasn't has 28 V2/ed didn't 11 was wasn't 29 were weren't 12 V bare inf don't 30 Vs Ves doesn't 13 don't + V do 31 doesn't + V does 14 didn't + V did 32 should shouldn't 15 shouldn't should 33 would wouldn't 16 wouldn't would 34 could couldn't 17 couldn't could 35 might mightn't 18 mightn't might 29.2 MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HP BIẾN ĐỔI ĐẶC BIỆT A nice day, isn't it? (vế đầu câu cảm thán) I'm tired, aren't I? Let's go to the zoo, shall we? Don't open your book, will you? 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 Interesting : Hay # Boring, bad : Buồn, dở Large : Lớn # Small : Nhỏ Late : Trễ, khuya # Early : Sớm Lazy (lazily) Light : Lười biếng # Hard : Siêng : Nhẹ # Heavy : Nặng Light : Sáng # Dark : Tối, sậm Long : Dài # Short : Ngắn Near : Gần # Far : Xa New : Mới # Old : Cũ Noisy / noisily Old : n # Quiet / quietly : Yên tònh : Cũ, già # New, young : Mới, trẻ Polluted : nhiễm # Pure : Trong lành Poor : Nghèo # Rich : Giàu Quick(ly) : Nhanh # Slow(ly) : Chậm Quiet : Yên tónh # Noisy : n Right : Đúng # Wrong : Sai Sad : Buồn # : Vui Short : Ngắn, thấp # Happy, amused Long, tall : Dài, cao slow(ly) : chậm # Quick(ly) : Nhanh Soft : Mềm # Hard : Cứng Strong : Mạnh # Weak, ill : Yếu, bệnh True : Đúng # Untrue, false : Sai Warm : m # Cool : Mát Well : Giỏi # Badly : Dở, tệ Wrong : Sai # Right, true : Đúng Trang 10 30 Exercises : Open your book, will you won't you? Everyone Everybody doesn't like him, they? Some one comes here early, don't they? Somebody No one comes here, they? No body Everything is expensive, isn't it? Something isn't cheap, is it? Nothing is cheap, is it? 30 Articles : Mạo từ Vò trí: Đứng trùc danh từ ,bổ nghóa cho danh từ đó: Mạo từ: a / an / the a Mạo từ: “a /an” gọi mạo từ bất đònh * Cách dùng: đề cập lần thứ nhất, dạng đònh nghóa Ex: He is a good student I saw an interesting film last night b Mạo từ “the”: gọi mạo từ bất đònh: Ex: I met a boy The boy is very lazy * Cách dùng: - Dùng trùc vật nhất: the sun, the earth, the moon, … - Tên sông , tên biển : the Long Binh River, the Thames, the Missouri River, the Panama Canal, the Pacific (Ocean), the Atlantic, the Arctic, the Indian, … - Tên dãy núi, đảo, quốc gia liên hợp : the Alps,the Himalayas, the British Islands,the United states,the Philippines,the United Kingdom,the Netherlands, … - Dùng trùc adj tập hợp người: the rich, the poor, the disabled, the blind, the old, the Vietnamese, the British, … - Trước tính từ so sánh nhất: the most beautiful girl,the earliest comer,the only… - Cụm ngữ: The + N + of the/our +N Ex: the date of the meeting , the problems of overpollution - Trước danh từ dụng cụ ââm nhạc , nhắc đến lần Ex: I play the piano Yesterday I bought a book The book is on fish They have ……… dinner in …………….restaurant A X/ a Ba/a C the /the D.X /X ………… youngest boy has just started going to ………….school A a/X B an / a C the / X D X /X She lives on ……….top floor of and old house A a B an C the D.X Einstein won …………Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 A a B an C the D.X Is there ……… public telephone near here ? A a B an C the D.X What ………….interesting film ! A a B an C the D.X ………….moon is full tonight A a B an C the D.X She can’t play ………….piano but she can play …………violin A a/a B a / the C the / the D.X /X ……….Thames flows into …………North Sea A a/a B the / a C the / the D.X /X 10 …………rich should help ……… poor A a/a B a/ the C the / the D.X/X 11 Make sure you put your name at ………… end of the report A a B an C the D.X 12 ……… English are proud of their traditions A a B an C the D.X 13 When you come out of the lift , you will see two doors , a red one and a blue one My door is …… blue one A a B an C the D.X 14 When you ‘re ready , I ‘ ll take you to ………… airport A a B an C the D.X 15 One of ………… biggest celebrations in ………… Argentina is …………New Year’s Eve A the / X / a B X / the / the C the / an / the D the / X / X same - Trước số thứ tự : the first, the second, the next, the last, the Ex: He is the first student to hand in the paper - Trước danh từ phương hướng: the South, the North, the West, the East [...]... già # New, young : Mới, trẻ Polluted : nhiễm # Pure : Trong lành Poor : Nghèo # Rich : Giàu Quick(ly) : Nhanh # Slow(ly) : Chậm Quiet : Yên tónh # Noisy : n ào Right : Đúng # Wrong : Sai Sad : Buồn # : Vui Short : Ngắn, thấp # Happy, amused Long, tall : Dài, cao slow(ly) : chậm # Quick(ly) : Nhanh Soft : Mềm # Hard : Cứng Strong : Mạnh # Weak, ill : Yếu, bệnh True : Đúng # Untrue, false : Sai Warm... don't they? Somebody No one comes here, do they? No body 6 Everything is expensive, isn't it? Something isn't cheap, is it? Nothing is cheap, is it? 30 Articles : Mạo từ 1 Vò trí: Đứng trùc danh từ ,bổ nghóa cho danh từ đó: 2 Mạo từ: a / an / the a Mạo từ: “a /an” được gọi là mạo từ bất đònh * Cách dùng: khi đề cập lần thứ nhất, trong dạng đònh nghóa Ex: He is a good student I saw an interesting film... Ướt Early : Sớm # Late : Trễ Easy : Dễ # Hard, difficult : Khó Empty : Trống không # Full : Đầy Excited : Hay # Bored : Buồn, dở Exciting : Hay # Boring, bad : Buồn, dở Far : Xa # Near : Gần Fast : Nhanh # Slow : Chậm chạp Free : Rãnh rỗi # Busy : Bận Good : Tốt, giỏi # Bad : Dở, tệ, xấu Happy : Vui # Sad, bored : Buồn Hard : Cứng, khó # Soft, easy : Mềm, dễ High : Cao # Low : Thấp Hot : Nóng # Cold... educated smiled reached printed bathed naked showed thanked included boxed provided camped 23 TO INFINITIVE – GERUND – & BARE INFINITIVE Verbs followed by To-infinitive: infinitive Theo sau bởi động từ To - Verbs followed by A (pro) noun + an infinitive: 1 Would Like : thích 2 Be... phẩy vào cuối câu thay cho dấu chấm câu cũ 2 Đảo ngữ của vế đầu ra phía sau 3 Vế trước không "NOT" thì vế sau có "NOT" và ngược lại 4 Từ "NOT" bắt buộc phải viết ở dạng rút gọn 5 Chủ ngữ phía trước là danh từ hay cụm từ khi đảo ngữõ ra 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 : : : : Tốt, đẹp Xấu xí Xấu xí Vui : : : : : : Hay, hấp dẫn Tối Rãnh rỗi Bất cẩn Mắc, đắt tiền... the British, … - Trước tính từ so sánh nhất: the most beautiful girl,the earliest comer,the only… - Cụm ngữ: The + N + of the/our +N Ex: the date of the meeting , the problems of overpollution - Trước danh từ chỉ dụng cụ ââm nhạc , hoặc nhắc đến 2 lần Ex: I play the piano Yesterday I bought a book The book is on fish They have ……… dinner in …………….restaurant A X/ a Ba/a C the /the D.X /X 2 ………… youngest... Year’s Eve A the / X / a B X / the / the C the / an / the D the / X / X 1 same - Trước số thứ tự : the first, the second, the next, the last, the Ex: He is the first student to hand in the paper - Trước danh từ chỉ phương hướng: the South, the North, the West, the East