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ArticlesHình thức của Mạo từ xác định the(Definite Article)The dùng cho cả danh từ đếm được (số ít lẫn số nhiều) và danh từ không đếm được.Ví dụ: The truth (sự thật) The time (thời gian) The bicycle (một chiếc xe đạp) The bicycles (những chiếc xe đạp)Dùng mạo từ xác định1 Khi vật thể hay nhóm vật thể là duy nhất hoặc được xem là duy nhấtVí dụ: The sun (mặt trời); the sea (biển cả) The world (thế giới); the earth (quả đất)2 Trước một danh từ, với điều kiện danh từ này vừa mới được đề cập trước đó.Ví dụ: I saw a beggar.The beggar looked curiously at me.(Tôi thấy một người ăn xin. Người ăn xin ấy nhìn tôi với vẻ tò mò)3 Trước một danh từ, với điều kiện danh từ này được xác định bằng một cụm từ hoặc một mệnh đề.Ví dụ: The girl in uniform (Cô gái mặc đồng phục) The mechanic that I met (Người thợ máy mà tôi đã gặp) The place where I waited for him (Nơi mà tôi đợi anh ta)4 Trước một danh từ chỉ một vật riêng biệt
Articles Hình thức Mạo từ xác định "the"(Definite Article) The dùng cho danh từ đếm (số lẫn số nhiều) danh từ không đếm Ví dụ: - The truth (sự thật) - The time (thời gian) - The bicycle (một xe đạp) - The bicycles (những xe đạp) Dùng mạo từ xác định 1/ Khi vật thể hay nhóm vật thể xem Ví dụ: - The sun (mặt trời); the sea (biển cả) - The world (thế giới); the earth (quả đất) 2/ Trước danh từ, với điều kiện danh từ vừa đề cập trước Ví dụ: - I saw a beggar.The beggar looked curiously at me (Tôi thấy người ăn xin Người ăn xin nhìn với vẻ tò mò) 3/ Trước danh từ, với điều kiện danh từ xác định cụm từ mệnh đề Ví dụ: - The girl in uniform (Cô gái mặc đồng phục) - The mechanic that I met (Người thợ máy mà gặp) - The place where I waited for him (Nơi mà đợi anh ta) 4/ Trước danh từ vật riêng biệt Ví dụ: - My father is working in the garden - (Cha làm việc vườn) [Vườn nhà tôi] - Please pass the dictionary (Làm ơn đa tự điển) [Tự điển bàn] 5/ Trước so sánh cực cấp, Trước first (thứ nhất), second (thứ nhì), only (duy nhất) từ dùng tính từ hay đại từ Ví dụ: - The first day (ngày đầu tiên) - The best time (thời gian thuận tiện nhất) - The only way (cách nhất) - The first to discover this accident (người phát tai nạn này) 6/ The + Danh từ số tượng trưng cho nhóm thú vật đồ vật Ví dụ: - The whale is in danger of becoming extinct (Cá voi nguy tuyệt chủng) - The fast food has made life easier for housewives.(Thức ăn nhanh làm cho bà nội trợ có sống dễ dàng hơn) 7/ The dùng Trước thành viên nhóm người định Ví dụ: - The small shopkeeper is finding business increasingly difficult (Giới chủ tiệm nhỏ thấy việc buôn bán ngày khó khăn) 8/ The + Danh từ số ítdùng Trước động từ số Đại từ He / She /It Ví dụ: - The first-class passenger pays more so that he enjoys some comfort (Hành khách vé hạng trả tiền nhiều để hưởng tiện nghi thoải mái) 9/ The + Tính từtượng trưng cho nhóm người Ví dụ: -The old (người già); the rich and the poor (người giàu người nghèo) 10/ The dùng Trước danh từ riêng biển, sông, quần đảo, dãy núi, tên gọi số nhiều nước, sa mạc, miền Ví dụ: - The Pacific (Thái Bình Dương);The Netherlands (Hà Lan) - The Crimea (Vùng Crimê); The Alps (dãy Alps) 11/ The đứng Trước tên gọi gồm Danh từ + of + danh từ Ví dụ: - The Gulf of Mexico (Vịnh Mêhicô) - The United States of America (Hiệp chủng quốc Hoa Kỳ) Nhưng người ta lại nói: - South Africa (Nam Phi), North America (Bắc Mỹ), West Germany (Tây Đức),mặc dù The north of Spain (Bắc Tây Ban Nha), The Middle East (Trung Đông); The West (Tây Phương) 12 The + họ (ở số nhiều)nghĩa Gia đình Ví dụ:The Smiths = Gia đình Smith (vợ chồng Smith con) Không dùng mạo từ xác định 1/ Trước tên quốc gia, tên châu lục, tên núi, tên hồ, tên đờng Ví dụ: Europe (Châu Âu), South America (Nam Mỹ), France (Pháp quốc), Downing Street (Phố Downing) 2/ Khi danh từ không đếm danh từ số nhiều dùng theo nghĩa chung nhất, không riêng trường hợp Ví dụ: - I don't like French beer (Tôi chẳng thích bia Pháp) - I don't like Mondays (Tôi chẳng thích ngày thứ hai) 3/ Trước danh từ trừu tượng, danh từ trường hợp cá biệt Ví dụ: - Men fear death (Con người sợ chết) Nhưng: - The death of the President made his country acephalous (cái chết vịtổng thống khiến cho đất nước ông người lãnh đạo) 4/ Sausở hữu tính từ(possessive adjective) sau danh từ sở hữu cách(possessive case) Ví dụ: - My friend, không nói My the friend - The girl's mother = the mother of the girl (Mẹ cô gái) 5/ Trước tên gọi bữa ăn Ví dụ: -They invited some friends to dinner (Họ mời vài người bạn đến ăn tối) Nhưng: - The wedding breakfast was held in a beautiful garden (Bữa tiệc cưới tổ chức khu vườn xinh đẹp) 6/ Trước tước hiệu Ví dụ: - President Roosevelt (Tổng thống Roosevelt) - King Louis XIV of France (Vua Louis XIV Pháp) 7/ Trong trường hợp sau đây: - Women are always fond of music (Phụ nữ thích âm nhạc) - Come by car/by bus (Đến xe ôtô/xe búyt) - In spring/in autumn (Vào mùa xuân/mùa thu), last night (đêm qua), next year(năm tới), from beginning to end (từ đầu tới cuối), from left to right (từ trái sang phải) - To play golf/chess/cards (chơi gôn/ đánh cờ/đánh bài) Lưu ý - Nature mang nghĩa "Tự nhiên , thiên nhiên " không dùng the Ví dụ: + According to the laws of nature (Theo quy luật tự nhiên) + They couldn't tolerate city life anymore and went back to nature(Họ không chịu đời sống thành thị trở với thiên nhiên) - He listened to the radio(Anh ta nghe rađiô), He watchedtelevision(Anh ta xem TV) ; He heard it on the radio(Anh ta nghe việc rađiô), He saw it on TV(Anh ta thấy việc TV) - Go home/get home (Đi nhà), be at home (™ nhà), They returned to the brideg room's home(Họ trở lại nhà rể).Go to bed/hospital/church/school/ work/prison (Đi ngủ/đi nằm bệnh viện/đi lễ/đi học/đi làm/ tù), They went to the school to see their children's teacher(Họ đến trường để gặp thầy họ) & Thepriest goes to the jail topray for the two dying prisoners(Linh mục đến nhà tù để cầu nguyện cho hai người tù hấp hối) & She will get a bus at the church (Cô ta đón xe búyt chỗ nhà thờ).Nói chung, thiếu The đến trường để học, đến nhà tù để tù đến nhà thờ Exercises Exercise 1: Filling the articles in the blanks 1.This is beautiful painting Does artist live near here? I bought new toothbrush his morning and I can't find it I'm sure I put it in bathroom Can you get fresh cream cake when you go out? shop on corner usually sells it It's very nice school and teachers are all very hard-working "Look! There's cat in garden." "Yes, it's cat from next door." There's man at door He wants to see you We stayed in very nice hotel room was comfortable and food was excellent I bought new jacket last week but yesterday two of buttons came off I'm taking it back to shop 9 I had bath this morning but water was a bit cold 10 I was at airport, waiting for friend to arrive Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer What was…………… music you were playing when I came in? a a b an c the d It is…………… best restaurant in …………… Lyon , but it is too expensive to eat there very often a the/a b a/an c 0/the d the/0 I like …………… weather in Florida in…………… March a 0/0 b the/0 c a/the d the/a …………… Australia is a member of…………… Europe Union a 0/the b an/an c an/the d the/an In my spare time, I play…………… guitar and collect…………… stamps a the/the b the/0 c 0/0 d 0/the John is …………… English He comes from…………… United Kingdom a the/an b an/an c 0/0 d 0/the 7.He has worked as …………… MC for three months a a b an c the d Can you imagine how human life will be in …………… future? a a b an c the d …………… Pacific is …………… largest ocean in …………… world a The/the/the b An/the/0 c The/an/the d 0/the/the 10 Our country will have …………… space shuttle to …………… moon …………… next month a a/the/the b a/the/0 c the/0/the d 0/the/a 11 Who is…………… first spaceman to travel into …………… space? a the/0 b the/the c a/a d a/the 12 I have just bought…………… HP printer, which is better than …………… one my mother gave me a 0/the b the/an c an/the d a/0 13 Can you give me…………… explanation for your failure? a a b an c the d 14 Don’t look at …………… sun with your bear eyes a a b an c the d 15 What is …………… biggest desert in …………… world? a the/0 b the/an c 0/the d the/the 16 It is great to learn …………… English on …………… Internet a 0/the b the/an c an/the d 0/0 17 John goes to…………… school by…………… bus everyday a the/a b a/the c an/the d 0/0 19 He was…………… honest, hard-working lawyer but he hated…………… job a a/0 b an/the c the/a d 0/0 20 …………… Pacific Ocean is…………… largest body of water on the Earth a The/0 b 0/the c The/the d 0/0 21 The lines at…………… cinema were very long, so I had to wait for …………… long time a the/a b 0/n c the/0 d 0/the 22 John were here…………… hour ago Now, he has gone to Paris on …………… business a a/the b an/0 c the/a d an/the 23 Listen! Dennis is playing…………… trumpet a a b an c the d 24 How about going to…………… Netherlands next…………… summer? a 0/0 b the/the c the/0 d 0/the 25 He went to …………… United States to learn…………… computer science a 0/0 b an/the c the/0 d the/a 26 He has…………… good knowledge of computers a a b an c the d 27 …………… flower gets its smell from…………… oil that the plant produces a The/an b A/the c 0/0 d A/an 28 …………… cattle raising began in Texas before…………… Civil War a 0/0 b 0/the c A/the d The/0 29 Whe I was at…………… Cambridge University , I study…………… physics a 0/0 b the/the c the/a d 0/the 30 At ………… beginning of the twentieth century, Los Angeles became………… popular immigrant destination a the/a b 0/the c 0/0 d an/the 31 …………… amazing thing happened to me yesterday …………… man mistook me for his girlfriend a The/An b An/A c A/The d The/0 32 Someone who saw …………… robbery called the police a a b the c an d 33 “Is there anybody else in …………….waiting-room?” – “Yes, …………….man wants to speak to you.” a a/ the b/ the/ the c the/a d a/a 34 Could you open…………….door, please? I see …………….girl knocking a the/a b a/ the c the/ the d a/a 35 He lives in …………….south of …………….Australia a a/the b the/0 c the/ a d 0/ 36 …………….English Channel is between …………….Great Britain and …………….France a 0/0/0 b 0/the/0 c The/ the/0 d The/0/0 37 …………….Mississipi is …………….longest river in …………….USA a 0/the/the b The/ the/ the c 0/the/0 d The/the/0 38 Do you open listen to …………….radio or watch …………….TV? a the/ the b 0/the c 0/0 d the/0 39 He is …………….last one to come and …………….first one to leave a the/ the b a/ c an/ a d the/ a 40 …………….Smiths are all fond of drawing a A b The c d One 41 …………….Philipine Island are to …………….south-east of Vietnam a The/ a b A/ the c The/ the d 0/0 Exercise 3: Choose the most suitable answer 1.The cinema was almost empty There were people there a a little b many c much d few 2.Don’t worry We’ve got time to have coffee a a little b many c a few d little 3.This homework has problems a the three kinds b three kinds of c the three kinds d three kinds 4.A kid drinks milk everyday a much b a few c a lot of d many 5.Helen didn’t read novels last week a much b any c a few d some 6.Would you try champagne? a a little b little c few d a few 7.She has read interesting book a the b an c a d, any 8.John Gilbert was a patient He was a a sick b an ill c a sick man d not in a hurry 9.The Atlantic is a a canal b a sea c an ocean d a lake 10.The songs are popular like them a people b the folk c the people d many people 11.That was a family of a a prosperity b the prosperity c the prosperous d prosperity 12 youngest boy has just started going school a the/ x b a/ x c x/ the d an/ x 13 eldest boy is at college a The /the b An/ the c The /x d a/ the 14.She lives in top floor of an old house a an b any c a d, the 15.She had very bad night, she didn’t sleep wish a a/ a b, an/ a c a / an d an/ an 16 person suffering from shock should not be given anything to drink a An/ the b A/ x c A / the d A/ any 17.You’ll get , shock if you touch live wire with that screwdriver a.a/ a b an/ a c an/ the d the/ the 18.Mr Smith is old customer and honest man a the/ an b an / the c an/ an d the/ the 19.Do you go to prison to visit him? a the b x c a d an 20.On Sundays my father stays in bed, reading Sunday papers a the/ the b a/ the c , x/the d the/a 21.My mother goes to church in morning a the/ x b the/ the c x/ the d a church/ a 22.And in afternoon goes to visit friends a the/ any b the/x c an/ an d the/ the 23.I have little money left, let’s have dinner in restaurant a some/ the b a / the c the/ a d a / a 24 man is reasoning animal a x/ a b the/ a c x/ an d a/ the 25.Like many women, she loves tea parties and gossip a some/ the b.x/x c a lot of/ the d x/ a 26.If letters arrive for me , can you send them to this address? a some b many c any d much 27.Buy some pears if you see a any b a few c anything d some c anything d nothing 28.The boy refused to tell me a something b everything 29.Ann used to ride a motorcycle up and down road early in mornsing a a / the b the/ a c the/ the d the/ an 30.I am on night duty When you go to bed , I go to work a a/ the b x/ x c a/ x d the/ x 31.He switched on torch, read meter a the/ a b the/ the c a/ the d a/ a c a / the d A moon 32 is a star a The moon b moons 33.Hanoi is capital of Viet Nam a a b x c an d the 34.She visited France and United States last month a x/ the b the/ the c the/ x d x/ x 35.The murder was taken to prison a a b x c an d the 36.Rarely did pass the exam a someone b anyone c nobody d noone 37.The Smiths has a baby a two- year- old year- old b two – year – older c two –years – old d the two- 38.She said that she was going to give you information a some of b some c any d an 39 are allowed in the city center a None motorcycles b No motorcycles c None of motorcycles 40.My mother goes to school to meet my sister’s teacher a x b a c the d an d No motorcycle 41.Mr Smith was holding a lighted match at time of explosion a the/ x b x/ the c the/ the d the/ an 42.He said thar he had had book but that it had been burnt in fire a the/ the b a/ the c a/ a d the/ a 43.Peter thinks that this is quite cheap restaurant a a b the c an d any 44.To prevent possible repition of this accdent, I lent him torch a a/ an b the/ a c a/ a d the/ the 45.There’ll always be a conflict between old and young a the/ the b an / the c an /a d the/a 46.The lioness bit him in leg a a b an c the d his 47.The barman seized the drunk by collar a a b any c an d, the 48.He pointed to a woman in green dress a in b a c the d an 49.Would you like to hear story about Englishman a the/ the b a/ an c an / the d a/ the 50.There was collision at corner a a/ the b the/ the c, an/ the d the/ a 51.Call an ambulance There’s been a accident b an accident c some accident d any accident 52.“ Where are you going?” “ I’m going to buy a a bread b any bread c loaf of bread d some bread 53, Sandra works at a big hospital She’s a nurse b a nurse c the nurse d an nurse c a d x c The sun d Suns 54.He works six days week a in b for 55 is a star a Sun b A sun 56 What did you have for breakfast this morning? a x b a c an d the 57.London is capital of England a an b a c x d the 58.When invented ? a was telephone b was the telephone c were the telephones d were a telephone 59.We visited two years ago a Canada and the United states b the Canada and the United States c the Canada and United states d Canada and United States 60.Are you going away next week? No, week after next a a b the c some d x 61`We haven’t been to for years a cinema b the cinema c a cinema d any cinema 62.It took us quite a long time to get here It was journey a three hour b a three- hours c a three –hour d three- hours 63.My mother goes to church in morning a x b every c the d a 64 I eat everyday a a banana b banana c the bananas d any banana 65 If you live in foreign country, you should try an learn the language a the b x c an d a 66 Did your train leave from .? a the Platform b an Platform c some Platform d Platform 67 I can’t work here There ‘s too much a noise b noises c the noise d a noise c umbrella d an umbrellas 68 Do you need ? a an umbrella b a umbrella 69 I’ve seen good films recently a a b the c some d an 70 I often watch television for two hours every night a some b the c any d x 71 The unjured man was taken to a hospital b any hospital c the hospital d hospitals 72 I’m not hungry I don’t want to eat a some thing b anything c thing d the thing 73 She went out without money a any b an c a d.x 74 Hardly did pass the examination a somebody b anybody c body d.nobody 75 “ Have you got luggage ?” No , I haven’t a a b some c any d an 76 My father is a writer He writes books a a b some c any d x 77 If there are letters for me , can you send them on to this address? a some b any c the d no 78 We didn’t spend money last month a much b many c none d lot c lots d little 79 Do you know people here ? a many b much 80.We must be quick There is time left a a little b little c x d much 81 Listen carefully I’m going to give you advice a a few b some c few d little 82 Do you mind if I ask you questions? a few b a little c a few d much 83 This town is not an interesting place to visit, so tourists come here a a few b few c a little d x 84 He spoke English, so it was difficult to communicate with him a a little b little c few d.a few 85 The village was very small There were only houses a plenty b x c a few d any 86.There ‘s no need to hurry We’ve got time a many b plenty of c plenty d.several 87 Come and sit with us There’re things to see a many b much c plenty d few c a few d the 88 He’s always telling lies a x b a little 89 are allowed in the city center a None cars b No cars c No of cars d No car 90 tells me anything a Nobody doesn’t b Nobody c None body d Body 91 Some plants are annuals ; are biennials; the rest are perennials a some another b another c others d other c two kinds of d the two kinds of 92 This exam has problems a two kind of b both kinds 93 It is generally believed that an M.B.A degree is good preparation for a career in a a business b one business c businesses d business 94 They have a a four – month- old baby b a four- months- old baby c.four- month-old baby d four- months- old baby 95 Unemployment compensation is money to support an unemployed person while he is looking for a job b a job c works d a work 96 at 212 degrees F a Waters boils b The water boils c Water boils d Waters boil 97.Although southern California is densely populated , live in the northern part of the state a a little people b a few the people c few people d a little of people 98.I think that there is on TV a too many violence b so many violence c too much violence d too much violences 99 people in my apartment buiding are friendly a Few b A great deal c Little d A little c the Japan d Japanese 100.Toshi speaks at home a the Japanese b Japan