ATA76 Engine Controls Jet Aircraft Maintenance Fundamentals

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ATA76 Engine Controls  Jet Aircraft Maintenance Fundamentals

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Ameco Beijing Aviation College Training Manual Fundamentals Jet Aircraft Maintenance Fundamentals ATA 76 Engine Controls JAR-66 Book No: JAMF ATA 76 ALL Lufthansa Technical Training GmbH Lufthansa Base Issue: July 2000 For Training Purposes Only ã Lufthansa 1995 For training purpose and internal use only Copyright by Lufthansa Technical Training GmbH All rights reserved No parts of this training manual may be sold or reproduced in any form without permission of: Lufthansa Technical Training GmbH Lufthansa Base Frankfurt D-60546 Frankfurt/Main Tel +49 69 / 696 41 78 Fax +49 69 / 696 63 84 Lufthansa Base Hamburg Weg beim Jäger 193 D-22335 Hamburg Tel +49 40 / 5070 24 13 Fax +49 40 / 5070 47 46 Beijing Aviation College ATA 76 ENGINE CONTROLS For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training Ameco Page Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUNDAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson ENGINE START CONTROLS INTRODUCTION TO ENGINE CONTROLS The main engine controls are the engine start controls, the forward thrust controls and the reverse thrust controls The start lever is used to switch fuel on and off and to switch ignition on during engine start The forward thrust lever is used to control the thrust of an engine between idle and take off thrust The lever informs the fuel control unit how much thrust is requested by the pilot The third engine control is the reverse thrust lever When the reverse thrust lever is activated the deflector doors are deployed and the airflow is deflected to give reverse thrust When the reverse thrust lever is pushed down the deflector doors move to the stowed position and the engine delivers forward thrust For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ENGINE START CONTROLS HAM US sw Sep 98 Page Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUNDAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson FORWARD THRUST LEVER REVERSE THRUST LEVER For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ENGINE START CONTROLS START LEVER THRUST CONTROL SIGNAL Figure HAM US sw Sep 98 Mechanical Engine Controls Page Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUNDAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson Introduction to Engine Controls You can find similar engine controls on modern aircraft like this Airbus 320 The master switches on the engine start panel are used to control the engine start sequence, the control levers help to set the required thrust and the reverse latching levers are used with the control levers to give reverse thrust For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ENGINE START CONTROLS HAM US sw Sep 98 Page Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ENGINE START CONTROLS REVERSE LATCHING LEVER Ameco Beijing FUNDAMENTALS Aviation College ATA 76 Lesson CONTROL LEVER START CONTROL SIGNAL TLA : thrust level angle FUEL ON For Training Purposes Only RESOLVER ECU THRUST CONTROL SIGNAL REVERSE CONTROL SIGNAL Figure HAM US sw Sep 98 IGNITION ON Edited by Foxit Reader Copyright(C) by Foxit Software Company,2005-2008 For Evaluation Only FWD THRUST ENGINE START PANEL Electrical Engine Control Page Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUNDAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson START CONTROLS OVERVIEW The last segment that the ignition and the fuel supply to the combustion chamber are switched on by the engine start lever The fuel is supplied via a high pressure fuel shut off valve and a low pressure fuel shut off valve The low pressure fuel shut off valve is usually an electric motor driven valve The position of this valve is indicated by the fuel valve closed light This light illuminates when the valve is closed and goes out when the valve is open For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ENGINE START CONTROLS HAM US sw Sep 98 Page Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ENGINE START CONTROLS Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUNDAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson For Training Purposes Only LP FUEL VALVE Figure HAM US sw Sep 98 LP Fuel Valve Control Page Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUNDAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson HP FUEL VALVE CONTROL On this aircraft the high pressure fuel shut off valve is mechanically controlled The HP valve opens when the engine start lever is moved up and closes when the lever is moved down The position of the HP fuel shut off valve is indicated by the position of the engine start lever For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ENGINE START CONTROLS HAM US sw Sep 98 Page Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUDNAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson FORWARD THURST CONTROLS - OPERATION In this segment we look at the operation of an electrical forward thrust control system These systems use mechanical input signals to move the input levers of the resolvers The forward thrust control lever can be set in all positions between idle and full forward thrust On some aircraft the forward thrust control levers have detents for the most commonly used thrust settings such as maximum climb, maximum continuous and reverse idle On these levers a spring loaded roller fits into the detents on the cam in the artificial feel unit The full forward thrust lever position is determined by a mechanical stop in the control stand Electrical thrust control systems also have rig points because of the mechanical transmission below the control stand The more mechanical parts the system has the more rig points you will find in it For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS HAM US sw Sept.98 Page 44 Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS Ameco Beijing FUDNAMENTALS Aviation College ATA 76 Lesson FORWARD THRUST CONTROL LEVER STOP CAM DETENT For Training Purposes Only ARTIFICIAL FEEL UNIT ROLLER Figure 22 HAM US sw Sept.98 SPRING Operation of Forward Thrust Control Page 45 Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUDNAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson REVERSE THRUST CONTROLS Electrical reverse thrust controls are similar to mechanical controls This means these systems also have a reverse thrust lever mechanical and an electrical signal transmission, a reverser interlock system, lever lock system and control switches The purpose of these components and sub systems in the electrical reverse control system is the same as in the mechanical system The reverse thrust lever has three main positions one for each task The normal position is used to stow the reverser, the reverse idle position is used to activate the reverser and the full reverse throttle position is used to increase engine power Mechanical components in the control pedestal transmit the reverse thrust lever movement to the resolvers The resolvers convert the mechanical signal to a voltage signal that is transmitted to the engine control unit The throttle interlock system locks the reverser control system while the thrust reverser is moving from the stowed to the deployed position The thrust lever lock system makes sure that the forward thrust lever and the reverse thrust lever can not be activated at the same time The control switches are used for warnings and controls which depend on the lever position for example take off warning, cabin pressurization and thrust reverser activation For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS HAM US sw Sept.98 Page 46 Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUDNAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson REVERSE THRUST LEVER REVERSE THRUST LEVER REVERSER LEVER LOCK PIN CONTROL SWITCHES For Training Purposes Only MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION THROTTLE INTERLOCK MECHANISM RESOLVER Figure 23 HAM US sw Sept.98 Thrust Lever/Reverse Lever Lock System Page 47 Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUDNAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson reverse thrust controls cont The reverser interlock system prevents that you can pull the reverse lever further to full reverse thrust until the reverser is fully deployed This interlock protection is actually not always necessary on FADEC controlled engine, because the FADEC can monitor the deployment of the reverser and increase the fuel flow to the engine if the reverser is fully deployed As a result you will find that some aircraft not have a throttle interlock system For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS HAM US sw Sept.98 Page 48 Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUDNAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson ENGINE START PANEL REVERSE THRUST For Training Purposes Only FORWARD THRUST ECU THRUST CONTROL SIGNAL Figure 24 HAM US sw Sept.98 Electrical Reverse Thrust Control Page 49 Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUDNAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson reverse thrust controls cont On aircraft with FADEC controlled engines you usually find throttle interlock systems only if they have engines These aircraft need a throttle interlock system to prevent dangerous situations if a reverser fails to deploy When a reverser of an outer engine fails to deploy while the others operate in full reverse thrust the aircraft gets a very strong yaw momentum because three engines give reverse thrust and one engine gives forward idle thrust This can throw the aircraft from the runway and lead to a severe crash because the yaw movement can not be counteracted by the nose wheel steering system When a reverser of an inner engine fails to deploy the aircraft gets a yaw momentum because three engines give reverse thrust and one engine gives forward idle thrust This yaw momentum can usually be counteracted by the nose wheel steering system because of the relatively short distance between an inner engine and the yaw axis For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS HAM US sw Sept.98 Page 50 Lufthansa Technical Training Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUDNAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson For Training Purposes Only ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS Figure 25 HAM US sw Sept.98 Effect fo Reverser Failure Page 51 Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUDNAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson reverse thrust controls cont On FADEC controlled aircraft the throttle interlock system prevents asymmetric operation of the reversers Different methods are used On some aircraft all reverser control levers are protected by individual electromechanical interlock actuators The interlock mechanism locks the mechanical linkage when the respective reverser is not fully deployed On other aircraft only the outer engines are protected by a throttle interlock system On this A340 for example, the FADEC systems of the two outer engines communicate with each other They lock the reverse levers of the outer engines until the two outer reversers are deployed For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS HAM US sw Sept.98 Page 52 Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS For Training Purposes Only REVERSE THRUST LEVER Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUDNAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson INTERLOCK ACTUATOR THROTTE INTERLOCK ACTUATOR Figure 26 HAM US sw Sept.98 Throttle Interlock System Page 53 Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUDNAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson reverse thrust controls cont On the A320 you can find another difference to typical electrical reverser control systems This aircraft has a reverse latching lever instead of a reverse thrust lever The reverse latching lever releases the throttle control lever so that it can be pulled further aft out of the idle position for full reverse power For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS HAM US sw Sept.98 Page 54 Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUDNAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson REVERSE LATCHING LEVER For Training Purposes Only REVERSE LATCHING LEVER Figure 27 HAM US sw Sept.98 Reverse Latching Lever Page 55 Ameco Beijing Aviation College FUDNAMENTALS ATA 76 Lesson THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK For Training Purposes Only Lufthansa Technical Training ENGINE CONTROLS ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS HAM US sw Sept.98 Page 56 Ameco TABLE OF CONTENTS Beijing Aviation College ATA 76 ENGINE CONTROLS ENGINE START CONTROLS INTRODUCTION TO ENGINE CONTROLS START CONTROLS OVERVIEW HP FUEL VALVE CONTROL ELECTRICAL START CONTROLS LP FUEL VALVE CONTROL MECHANICAL HP FUEL VALVE CONTROL ELECTRICAL HP FUEL VALVE CONTROL 2 10 12 14 16 MECHANICAL THRUST CONTROLS INTRODUCTION FORWARD THRUST CONTROLS FORWARD THRUST CONTROLS - ADJUSTMENT REVERSE THRUST CONTROLS INTRODUCITON THROTTLE INTERLOCK - OPERATION LEVER LOCK SYSTEM 22 22 24 30 32 34 38 ELECTRICAL THRUST CONTROLS FORWARD THRUST CONTROLS-INTRODUCTION FORWARD THURST CONTROLS - OPERATION REVERSE THRUST CONTROLS 40 40 44 46 Page i Ameco Beijing Aviation College TABLE OF FIGURES Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Mechanical Engine Controls Electrical Engine Control LP Fuel Valve Control HP Fuel Valve Control Electrical Start Controls Indication LP Fuel Valve Control Mechanical Hp Fuel Valve Control Electrical HP Fuel Valve OFF Postition Electrical HP Fuel Valve Open Position Protection Circuit HP Fuel Valve Mechanical Thrust Control Forward Thrust Control (Push Pull Control) Forward Thrust Control with Rack and Pinion Friction Brake Thrust Control-Adjustment Reverse Thrust Control Throttle Interlock Throttle Interlock Lever Lock System Electrical Forward Thrust Control Artificial Feel Unit (including Friction Brake) Operation of Forward Thrust Control Thrust Lever/Reverse Lever Lock System Electrical Reverse Thrust Control Effect fo Reverser Failure Throttle Interlock System Reverse Latching Lever 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 Page: lviii

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