English Vocabulary ir Use English Vocabulary in Use CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHED BY T H E PRESS SYNDICATE O F T H E UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom C A M B R I D G E LJNlVtRSlTY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-421 1, USA www.cup.org Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Ruiz de Alarc6n 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Cambridge University Press 1994 This book is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 1994 Ninth printing 1999 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 521 423961 Contents Acknowledgements Using this book Introduction Learning vocabulary - general advice Learning vocabulary - aids to learning Organising a vocabulary notebook The names of English language words Using your dictionary Revising vocabulary Formal and informal words Word formation 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Suffixes (e.g actor, permission, modernise) Prefixes (e.g over-worked, exhale) Roots (e.g impress, pressure, expression) Abstract nouns (e.g faith, hope and love) Compound adjectives (e.g well-dressed, time-consuming) Compound nouns - combinations of two nouns (e.g baby-sitter, youth hostel) Compound nouns - combinations of verb + preposition (e.g drawback, input) Words with interesting origins - people and places (e.g hooligan, denim) Words with interesting origins - from other languages (e.g bistro, rucksack) Onomatopoeic words - words that sound like their meaning (e.g grumble, smash) Words commonly mispronounced (e.g worry, cough) Homonyms - words pronounced and/or spelt the same (e.g row, row; bow, bough) Connecting and linking 20 21 22 23 24 25 Time (e.g as soon as, while, afterwards) Condition (e.g unless, provided that) Cause, reason, purpose and result (e.g owing to, with the aim of, as a result) Concession and contrast (e.g although, on the other hand) Addition (e.g in addition, furthermore, besides) Text-referring words (e.g issue, problem) Countables and uncountables 26 27 28 29 30 Uncountable words (e.g information, advice) Words that only occur in the plural (e.g scissors) Countable and uncountable with different meanings (e.g paper and a paper) Collective nouns (e.g a flock of sheep) Making uncountable words countable (e.g a loaf of bread) English Vocabulary in Use iii Topics 31 Countries, nationalities and languages 32 The weather 33 Describing people - appearance 34 Describing people - character 35 Relationships 36 At home 37 Everyday problems 38 Global problems 39 Education 40 Work 41 Sport 42 The arts 43 Food 44 The environment 45 Towns 46 The natural world 47 Clothes 48 Health and medicine 49 Travel 50 Holidays 51 Numbers and shapes 52 Science and technology 53 The press and media 54 Politics and public institutions 55 Crime 56 Money - buying, selling and paying Notional concepts 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 Number, quantity, degree and intensity Time Distances and dimensions Obligation, need, possibility and probability Sound and light Possession, giving and lending Movement and speed Texture, brightness, weight and density Success, failure and difficulty Containers and contents (e.g box of matches, jar of jam) Feelings and actions 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 iv Belief and opinion Pleasant and unpleasant feelings Like, dislike and desire Speaking The six senses What your body does What animals English Vocabulary in Use Fixed expressions 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Idioms and fixed expressions - general (different types; advice on their use) Everyday expressions (e.g as I was saying, that reminds me) Similes - as as / like (e.g as white as a sheet) Binomials (e.g odds and ends, spick and span) Idioms describing people (e.g to have a heart of gold) Idioms describing feelings or mood (e.g to be in a black mood, to shake in your shoes) Idioms connected with problematic situations (e.g to take the bull by the horns) Idioms connected with praise and criticism (e.g she's streets ahead of the other girls, the world's worst) Idioms connected with using language (e.g to talk behind somebody's back, to put in a nutshell) Idioms - miscellaneous Proverbs (e.g Many hands make light work.) Phrasal verbs and verb-based expressions 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 Expressions with and make Expressions with bring and take Expressions with get Expressions with set and put Expressions with come and go Expressions with look Miscellaneous expressions (with break, run, turn, let, etc.) Varieties of English 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 Headline English (e.g boost, axe) US English (e.g elevator, downtown) Other Englishes Slang (e.g copper, bread) The language of notices (e.g refrain, trespassers) Words and gender (e.g waiter/waitress, chairperson, headteacher) Abbreviations (e.g UN, OPEC, lab) New words in English Discourse markers (e.g Right! Mind you!) Key 202 List of phonetic symbols Index 270 271 English Vocabulary in Use Acknowledgements We are particularly grateful to Jeanne McCarten and Geraldine Mark at Cambridge University Press who provided us with so much clear-sighted help and creative guidance at all stages during the writing of this book We should also like to thank Stuart Redman for his thorough and invaluable report on the initial manuscript We are grateful to students and staff at various institutions who assisted in piloting the materials: Jon Butt and Elaine Smith, International House, London; Nick Kenny, International Language Academy, Cambridge; Brigitte Marrec, UniversitP Paris X, France; Suzanne Pilot, LycPe Blaise Pascal, Longuenesse, France; Tony Robinson, Eurocentre, Cambridge; Ian Scott, Centre for English Language Education, University of Nottingham; Karen Thompson, International House, Toulouse, France; Clare West, English Language Centre, Hove Lastly, we thank N6irin Burke at CUP who took over the management of the manuscript in its final stages The authors and publishers would like t o thank the following for permission t o reproduce copyright material in English Vocabulaty in Use While every effort has been made, it has not been possible t o identify the sources of all the material used and in such cases the publishers would welcome information from the copyright holders p.2: extract from 7'he English Language by David Crystal (Penguin Books, 1988), copyright David Crystal, reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.; p.10: definition of 'malignant' from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Currefit English, edited by A S Hornby (fourth edition 1989), reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press; p.10: definition of 'hairy' and p.11: definition of 'casual' both from Collins C O B U I L D English Language Dictionary (1987), reproduced by permission of HarperCollins Publishers; p.90: extract from Fodor's Ireland, Fodor's Travel Publication (1989); p.92: extract from The Cambridge Encyclopedia by David Crystal (1991), Cambridge University Press Illustrations by Amanda MacPhail, Kathy Baxendale and Ken Brooks English Vocabulary in Use Using this book Why was this book written? It was written to help you to improve your English vocabulary It will help you to learn not only the meanings of words but also how they are used You can use this book either with a teacher or for self-study How is the book organised? The book has 100 two-page units In most units, the left-hand page explains the words and expressions to be studied in that unit Where appropriate, it gives information about how the words are used as well as their meaning The right-hand page checks that you have understood the information on the left-hand page by giving you a series of exercises practising what you have just learnt Occasionally the right-hand page will also teach you some more new words There is a key at the back of the book The key does not always simply give you one right answer It sometimes also comments on the answers and will help you learn more about the words studied in the unit There is an index at the back of the book This lists all the words and phrases covered in the book and refers you to the units where these words or phrases are discussed The index also tells you how difficult and unusual words are pronounced It uses the International Phonetic Alphabet to this and the symbols you need to know are listed at the beginning of the index How should I use this book? The book is divided into a number of sections Complete the seven introductory units first These units not only teach you some useful new vocabulary but they also help you with useful techniques for vocabulary learning in general After completing those units, you might want t o work straight through the book or you might prefer t o d o the units in any order that suits you W h a t else I need in order to work with this book? You need some kind of vocabulary notebook or file where you can write down the new words you are learning (See Unit for advice on how to d o this.) You also need to have access to a couple of good dictionaries This book selects the words that are most important for you to learn at your level and it gives you the most important information about those words but you will sometimes need to refer to a dictionary as well for extra information about meaning and usage Firstly, you need an English-English dictionary for foreign learners Good ones are The Cambridge International Dictionary of English, the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary and the Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary, for example Secondly, you will also find a good bilingual dictionary useful Ask a teacher to recommend a good bilingual dictionary for you (See Unit for advice on using your dictionaries.) English Vocabulary in Use Learning vocabulary - general advice What you need to learn? How many words are there in English? At least: a ) 10,000 b) 100,000 c) 250,000 d) 500,000 Winston Churchill was famous for his particularly large vocabulary How many words did he use in his writing? a ) 10,000 b) 60,000 c) 100,000 d) 120,000 How many words does the average native English speaker use in hislher everyday speech? a ) 2,500 b) 5,000 c) 7,500 d) 10,000 How many words make up 45% of everything written in English? a) 50 b) 250 c) 1,000 d) 2,500 T o sum up, there are many words you don't need at all and there are other words that you simply need to understand when you read or hear them Finally, there are words which you need to be able to use yourself Clearly you need to spend most time learning this last group In the text below mark the words you'd like to be able to use English vocabulary has a remarkable range, flexibility and adaptability Thanks to the periods of contact with foreign languages and its readiness to coin new words out of old elements, English seems to have far more words in its core vocabulary than other languages For example, alongside kingly (from Anglo-Saxon) we find royal (from French) and regal (from Latin) There are many such sets of words which add greatly to our opportunities to express subtle shades of meaning at various levels of style - * You probably marked many words that you would like to be able to use Unless you are studying linguistics, however, you probably need only to understand, rather than to use, the verb 'coin' as used in the context above What does knowing a new word mean? It is not enough lust to know the meaning- of a word You also need to know: a ) what words it is usually associated with b) whether it has any particular grammatical characteristics c) how it is pronounced Try to learn new words not in isolation but in phrases Write down adjectives together with nouns they are often associated with and vice versa, e.g royal family; rich vocabulary Write down verbs with the structure and nouns associated with them, e.g to add to our knowledge of the subject; to express an opinion Write down nouns in phrases, e.g in contact with; a train set; shades of opinion Write down words with their prepositions, e.g at a high level; thanks to your help Note any grammatical characteristics of the words you are studying For example, note when a verb is irregular and when a noun is uncountable or is only used in the plural Make a note of any special pronunciation problems with the words you're learning - a a a a a , English Vocabulary in Use How could you record the following? a ) chilly b) dissuade c) king d ) up to the ears e) independent f) get married What would you record beside the following words? a ) scissors b) weather c) teach d) advice e) lose f) trousers What might you note beside the following words? a ) comb b) catastrophe c) photograph/photographer Can you learn just by reading or listening to English? You will certainly help yourself to learn English vocabulary not only by studying with this book but also by reading and listening to English Give each of the items on the lists below a mark from to describing how important this way of learning vocabulary could be for you personally Example: newspapers newspapers TV (cable l subtitled) cinema magazines video academic or professional literature fiction radio (e.g BBC World Service) simplified readers (with or without cassettes) music or other cassettes talking to native speakers W h a t should you when you come across new words? When you are reading something in English, don't look up every new word or expression or you will soon get fedVup.Only look upsomething that is ;eally important for understanding the text When you have finished reading, look back at what you have read and then perhaps look up some extra words and write down new expressions that interest you Similarly when you listen to English don't panic when you hear some words or expressions that you don't know Keep listening and the overall meaning will often become clear When you read or listen to English it is sometimes possible to guess the meaning of a word you don't know before you look up or ask its meaning Decide first what part of speech the word is and then look for clues in its context or form Before you read the text below, check whether you know what the underlined words mean A tortoise is a shelled reptile famed for its slowness and lonaevitv The Giant Tortoise o f the Galapagos may attain over 1.5 metres in length and have a lifespan o f m o r e than 150 years Smaller tortoises f r o m Southern Europe and N o r t h Africa make popular pets They need t o be tended carefully i n cool climates and must have a w a r m place in which they can hibernate * Which of the marked words can you perhaps guess from the context or from the way the word is formed? Guess and then check whether you were correct by using a dictionary Some words are impossible to guess from context or the structure of the word In such cases, ask someone or go to a dictionary for help How are you going to plan your vocabulary learning? How many words and expressions you intend to learn each week? a) b) 10 C ) 15 d ) more Chan 15 Where and when are you going to learn them? a ) on your way to school or work b) before dinner c) in bed d) other How often are you going to revise your work? b) once a month a ) once a week c) before a test d ) once a year English Vocabulary in Use knee hi:/ 18 knickers /'n1kaz/27 knife /nalf/ 18, 27 knit / n ~ t 18 / knob /nab/ 18 knock spots off 81 knot / n ~ t 18 / know your onions 81 know-all /'nau3:l/ 78 knowledge /'nolldg/ l , Kuwaiti /ku'we1ti/31 lechery I1letJaril11 lecture I1lektJal(-r) 39 leek /li:k/ 43 left 62, 67 left luggage locker 49 left-handed 12 left-wing 67 legacy I1legasi/89 legal /'li:gal/ leggings /'leg~gz/27 legislator /'ledg~sle~ta/ 54 legless /'leglas/ 95 lab /Izb/ 7, 98 lemming /'lem~g/16 labour force 13 lemon juice 43 labourer /'le~bara/40 lemonade 66 laces / ' l e ~ s ~47 z/ lend 53, 56, 62 lack of 60 lend s.b a hand ladder /'lzda/ 40 length /legO/ (-en) (-y) 5, 11, ladies and gentlemen 77 59 laid-back /le~d'bxk/12 leotard /'li:ata:d/ 15 lake 44 leprosy l'leprasil 38 lamb /lam/ , let, expressions with 47, 62, land 18, 28,49 80,91 landing 36 let me see 100 landlady/lord 62 let-out 14 landscape /'lznske~p/44 lettuce /'let~s/43 lane 44 level larder /'la:da/ 36 level-crossing 13 large 57 lever /'li:va/ 52 laser /'le~za/98 liable /'la~abal/60 lassie /'lzsi/ 94 liberty 5, 11 lasso /lz'su:/ 16 library /'la~brari/(-rian) last 58 /la~'brear~an/ 40,45, 53 last-minute 12 lick 72 lastly 100 lie-in /'1a11n/14 late 18, 33 life 11 Latin (- America) 31 lifespan lav (-atory) 4,95 lift 93 law /13:/ 55 (-yer) /'131a/40 light 28 (- court) 45 (as - as a feather) 64, 76 (- and order) 77 light at the end of the tunnel lay / l e ~73 / 80 lay off 40 light-hearted 12 lay one's cards on the table 80 lighthouse /'la~thaus/49 lay-by 14 lightning 30 lay-out /'lelaut/ 14 like 69, 76, 79, 80, 100 laze / l e ~ z(-ziness) / 8, 19 like the look of 90 lazy-bones 78 likewise / ' l a ~ k w a ~24 z/ lead /led/ /li:d/ 19 lime /la~m/43, 71 lead to 22 limp /Irmp/ 88 leak /li:k/ 37 line 41,42, 93 lean and lurch 95 liner /'la~na/49 leaps and bounds 77 link 92 leather /'leas/ 26, 40, 47, 66 listen /'11san/ 18, 100 leave a lot to be desired 74 / litter / ' l ~ t a96 leave 2,46, 85 live /IIv//la~v/19 Lebanon lively 45 liver /'11va/2, 43 livid /'11v1d/68 (a) load of bull 80 loads of /'laudzav/ 57 loaf /lauf/ 30 loan /laon/ 62 loathe /laua/ 35, 69 lobster / ' l ~ b s t a43 / local train 49 loch / ~ k(Scots / /IDx/)94 lock oneself out 37 z/ lodgings / ' l ~ d g ~ g27 loft 36 long 59, 69 ( haired/-legged1 -sleeved) , 3 , long-distance 12, 41, 59 long-jump long-standing 12 long-winded 82 longevity /lon'gevati/ loo 4,95 look, expressions with 2, 35, 40, 69, 71, 86, 90, 100 look-out 14 (on the) lookout 90 looks 27 loose /lu:s/ 47 loot /lu:t/ 95 lorry / ' l ~ r i18, / 49, 93 lose /lu:z/ loss /IDS/56, 85 lost 41 lost property office 51 (a) lot of (bother) 26, 57 lots of 7, 57 loud /laud/ 71 love (-r) (-ving) (-liness) 11, 18, 35, 69, 85 low-necked 12 low (-er) 59, 86 loyal /'l31al/(-ty) 9, 26 luck 11,30 (as) luck would have it 75 luggage lI~gidgl26,30, 93 lump 30,48 lung(s) /IAIJZ/2 , luxury goods 13 machiavellian / m z k ~ a ' v e l ~ a 15 n/ macho /'mztJaul 16 mackerel /'mzkrall43 mac (-kintosh) 15 (as) mad as a hatter 76 madness 11 magazine /mzgalzi:n/ 53 magnificent 29,45 English Vocabulary in Use magnolia mail order 13 main course 43 maintain 67, 70 majority /maidgnrati/ 54 (on the) make 74 make, expressions with 35,40, 50, 74, 83, 85 make a meal (out) of 74 make or break 7 make-up , malaria /mailearra/ 38 Malay /mailer/ (-sian) / 97 male / m e ~ l46, malicious-tongued /ma'l~Jasl73 malignant /mall~gnantl5 Maltese /mollti:z/ mammal /'mzemal/ 46 mammoth man , , manage (-r) (-ress) 40, 65, 85, 87, 91, mandatory /'mzendatri/60 mane / m e ~ n 46 / mango I1mzeggau/43 manhood /'mznhud/ , l l mankind / m z n l k a ~ n d9/7 many maple /'merpal/ 46 marginal seat 54 mark 39 market 45 marmalade maroon /malru:n/ 49 marriage 35 martyrdom /'ma:tadam/ 11 Marxism /'ma:ks~zm/8, mask masochist /'mzesak~st/69 mass-produced 12 massive /'mzes~v/46 mast /ma:st/ / m z s t / match (- box) 66 match /mztJ/ 47, 89 mate / m e ~ t7, l 35 maternity leave maths / m z O s l , matter 25 mattress /'mzetrasl 16 mayonnaise /me1a'ne1z/43 mayor /meal 54 meagre /'mi:gal mean /mi:nl4, 34 means 27, 30 measure /'mega/ 48 mechanic Ima'kzen~kl4 , L 284 English Vocabulary in Use media /'mi:d~al5 medication /med1'ke1Janl48 medicine /'medsanl 26, 48 meeting Melanesian /melani:z~an/3 melon I1melanl43 melt /melt/ 32 member (-ship) 8, 11, 55 memo 98 mention /'menJan/ 91 mentor I'ment3:l 15 merit metal /'metal/ 66 meter /'mi:tal 18 metropolis /ma'tropalrsl 45 mew /mju:l2, 73 Mexican meow /milaul 17, 73 micro- microbot /'markrabot/99 microphone /'ma1krafaunl40 microwave (-ry) 9, 52, 99 mid- 33 middle-of-the-road 67, 78 midge /mrdg/29 might / m a ~ t 1/ mild /marld/ 32, 43 miles away 78 miles better milk /m1lk/2, 30, 6 milkman/woman milko /'m~lkau/94 / million / ' m ~ l j a n 51 mimic I'mrm~kl86 mind you / m a ~ n d'ju:l 100 mind 94 mini-vegetable 99 minister (-try) 54 minor /'mama/ 96 minus /'ma1nas/51 minuscule / ' m ~ n ~ s k j u :5l /7 minute /ma~'nju:t/5 (the) minute/moment 20 miscreant /'m1skr1ant/94 miserable (-ably) 68, 70 miserly /'marzali/ 34, 70 misfire 65 misinform mislay 5, mislead t/ misogynist / m r s ' ~ d g a n ~ s69 mispronounce /m~spra'nauns/9 misspell mist mistake 85 mistranslate misty 32 misunderstand mite / m a ~ t 1/ mitts /mrts/ mixed up 68 moan /maun/ 19 modem /'mavdem/ moderate modernise 31 Moldavian /mnlldelv~an/ molecule /'molakju:ll (-lar biology) monarchy I1monaki/54 money , , , , Mongolian /monlgaul~an/31 monk / m ~ n k 9/ monoboarding 99 monogamous /malnogamas/ monologue /'monalog/ monorail monosyllable monotonous /ma1notanas19 moo /mu:/ 17, 73 moped /'mauped/ moral (-kt) more-ish /'m3:r1J/ 43 moreover /m3:'ravva/ 24 mortar I1m3:ta/ 38 g/ mortgage / ' m ~ : g ~ d 56 mosquito / m ~ s ' k i : t a u /16 mother country/tongue 13, 31 mother (-hood) 8, 11 motion I'mauJanl 7, 96 motion lotion 95 motive 22 motor-racing motorway 93 mount lmauntl45 mountain (-eer) (-eering) 41, 44,50 mouse /maus/ , moustache /mas'tzJ/ 33 mousy I1mausi/73 mouth 44 move , movie 93 mown / m a u n / l mozzie /'mnzil 94 much (in a ) muddle / ' m ~ d a l 80 / mufti / ' m ~ f t i 1/ mug 66 mug (-ger) (-ging) 55 multi- multilingual 31 multiplication / m ~ l~t p l r ' k e ~ J a 51 nl mum 7, 74 l 70 mumble I ' m ~ m b a l 17, mumps 48 murder (-er) (-eress) 55, murmur llms:mai 70 l muscle I ' m ~ s a l 18 l 46 muscular i ' m ~ s k j a l a 33, museum lmju:'zrami 45 mushroom / ' m ~ J r u : m /4 music (- college) 30, 45 Muslim I'muzlrml 67 l muslin i ' m ~ z l r n15 l mussel I ' m ~ s a l43 must l mustard i ' m ~ s t a d43 l mutter i ' m ~ t a 70 mystery l'mrstrii 25 mythical i'mrOrkall46 nosh lnnJi 95 nostalgise Inos'taldga~zl99 nostrils i'nostralzi 46 nosy i'nauzii 34 not much to look at 90 note Inautl 39 notice 7, 71 nought ln2:ti 51 noun lnauni novel l'novali 42 now 100 now and then , 7 now then 75,100 nuclear engineering 52 i numb i n ~ m 18 number , number one, look after 90 numerate i'nju:maratl 51 nun nurse 1ns:si 26 nutcase 81 nutmeg I ' n ~mt e g l nutshell ' n ~ t J e V82, 88 on, expressions with 20, 21, 2 , , , , 56,58, 74, 77, 79, 80, 81, 89, 90 on and off 77 on condition that on that occasion 20 onloff button once i w ~ n s l one at a time 58 one swallow doesn't 84 one-off 12 onion i ~ n j a n , only have eyes for 78 onomatopoeia i ~ n a m z t a ' p e ~ a i innamzta'pi:al4 open 34 open-minded open-necked/-toed opera 29, , nab 94 operation 48, 89 nail-clipper operator naive 1nar'i:vI 34 opinion 67, 88 nap opportunity /opaltju:nrtil 60 nappy I'naepil 93 opposite nark /na:k/ 95 oak iaukl 46 oppose ia'pauzl narrow-minded , , oar l2:i 41, 49 (-sition)! ~ p a ' z ~ J a n10, i 54 nationhood 1 obedient /albi:d~antl9 oppress (-or) (-ion) ( - h e ) 10 nausea 11n2:zra/48 obese /aulbi:sl 33 optimist /'optamrst/ 34, 69 nearby object I'obdgektl optional llopJanali 60 nectarine 43 object /abldgekt/ (-ion) 70 or rather 100 (in) need (of) 60, 85 obligatory ia'blrgatril 60 ordeal 12:'di:ll 92 needle llni:dali 26 (-tion)Ioblrg'erJanl 65 ordinary 3 neigh /net/ 73 obliged Ia'blardgdl 60 oregano /oralga:nau/ 43 neighbourhood 8, 11 observe 71 organic 12:'gaenrkl (- farming) nerd 1ns:dI 95 obsessive 67 44,52 nervous (-ly) (- wreck) 19, 68, obstinate I'obstrnatl 34 organism i13:gan1zam/ 52 70 obtain 87, 89 Oriental 31 nest 46 ocean i 'auJani 44 origami 1orr'ga:mil 16 never-ending 12 octagon i'oktagani original (-ity) 2, 11, 34 nevertheless 23 odd number ornithologist I ~ : n ~ ' O ~ l a d g r s t / new-born 73 odd 34, (-ball) 78 69 new leaf, turn over a 91 odds and ends , 7 (on the) other hand 23 newmannery 1nju:'maenaril 99 off-licence 66 ounce Iaunsi news 26,30, 53, 91 off-peak 12 our 18, newspaper offence /alfens/ 55 oust laustl 92 next 100 offer a job 40 out and about 77 nick 95 offspring l'nfspr~gi7, 46 out of sorts 74 night club 45 oil I311126, 28, 42, 43, 49 out of this world 81 nightie i'nartil oily outcome l ' a u t k ~ m 14, i 22 i Nikkei i ' n ~ k e r56 ~/ oink / ~ I I J73 outlay I'autle~l1 nine-to-five ointment /'.~rntmant/48, 66 outlet I1autlat/1 no 98 okay /aulker/ 100 outlook I'autlukl no matter 21 old-fashioned output I1autput/1 noble i1naubal146 oldies i'auldizi 94 outrageous taut 'rerdgasl noise (-sy) (-less) 61, 71, olive /'olrv/ 66 outset North African / ombudsman / ' ~ m b a d z m a n 16 outskirts 27, 45 nose 49 outwith /autlwrd/ 94 English Vocabulary in Use 285 oval /'auval/ 51 oven-cleaner over the moon 74, 79 over the top 78 overcast /'auvakaest/ overcharge /auva'tJa:d3/ overcooked 43 overcrowded (-ding)4 overdo /auvaldu:/ 9, overdraft /'auvadra:ft/ 56 overdrawn lauvaidr3:n/ 56 overeat overlook overpopulation 44 overpriced overrun oversleep 9, 37' overtake 49 overtired overweight 33 overwhelming overworked owing to 22 owl /aul/ 73 owner /'auna/ (-ship) 11, 62 ox /oks/ oxygen /'oksrdgan/ 51 oyster /'31sta/ 43 O Z /DZ/94 ozone layer I'auzaun / 44 pace /pers/ 63 pacifist /'pzsrfrst/ pack (-et) 29, 66 package holiday 2, 13 packed /paekt/ pad 94 paddle /'paedal/ 41 pail /pell/ 19 pain (-ful) 19, 48 (a) pain in the neck 74, 78 paint 66 painting 42 pair /pea/ Pakistani pal palaver /palla:va/ 16 pale /per11 19 palm lpa:ml 18 pamphlet /'paemflat/ pan 66 Panamanian 31 pander I1paenda/ pane /pern/ 19 panti-hose /'pzntihauz/ 93 pantry /pzntri/ 36 pants 93 286 English Vocabulary in Use paper 7, 26, 28, 66 paraffin /'paerafrn/ 93 Paraguayan 31 paralytic /paera'lrtrk/ 95 park (-ing meter) 18, 45, 49 parliament /'pa:lamant/ parrot 46 parsley /'pa:sli/ part and parcel 77 part-time participate lpa:'trsrpert/ 86 partner (-ship) 8, 11, 35, 97 pass 39, 58 passenger (- train) 49 passion (-ate) (-ately) 69, 70 passive passport past participle pastime /'paestarm/86 pat pat6 /'paeter/ patent I8pertant/52 patience /'perJans/ 26 patio /'paetiau/ 16, 36 patter 61 pavement paw /p3:/ , , 71 pay (-ee) 8, 56 pay attention 86 pay over the odds 83 pay through the nose 83 pea(s) 43, 66 peace and quiet 7 peach /pi:tJ/ peacock / ' p i : k ~ k /4 peak /pi:k/ 44 peal /pi:I/ peanut butter 66 peculiar /palkju:lral 34 peddle /'pedal/ 55 pedestrian crossinglprecinct 13,45 pedigree I1pedagri:/ 73 peel /pi:l/ 19 peer /pra/ 71 pejorative / p a d ~ r a t r v3/ pen-name 13 penalty /'penalti/ 96 pencil-sharpener penguin suit 95 penicillin /penalsrlrn/ 52 peninsula /pa'nlnsjrrla/ 44 pension /'penJan/ 56 pentagon people 28 pepper , per ( - annum/cent/head) 51 perestroika /pera1str3rka/16 perfectionist performer 40 (-mance)42 performing arts 42 perfumed 1'ps:fju:mdl 71 period 58 permanent (-nce) 11, 58 permission / 18 permit / ' p s : m ~ t /palmrt/ permit holder 96 person ( hour) personal /'ps:sanal/ personnel officer /ps:salnel/ 40 perspective perspire (-ration)72 persuade /pa'swe~d/86 Peruvian pessimistic /pesa'mrst~k/34 pet 69 petal 46, 93 petrol ( - pumplstation) , phase /ferz/ 19 phenomenon I f a ' n ~ m a n a n l philosophy / f ~ ' l ~ s a f i / (-pher) 67 phoenix I1fi:nrks/ 46 phone /faun/ 7, 98 (- call) 85 photocopier /'fautauknpia/ photograph (-er) (-ically) (-y) 1, 8, 18 phrase /frerz/ physician /fr'zrJan/ physics /'frzrks/ (-cist) /'frzrsrst/ 2, 8, 27, 52 physiotherapist /frzlaulOeraplst/ pianist /'pranrst/ pick 46 pick and choose 77 pick holes in 81 pick up pickpocket (-ing) 55 picture 88 picturesque lp~ktJa'resk/4 pie in the sky 74 piece /pi:s/ 30 pig(s) 29, 43, 95 (-let) 73 pig-headed 4, 12, 34 pig in a poke, buy a 83 pigeon /'prdgrn/ 46 pile /parl/ 29 pillock / ' p ~ l a k 95 / pillow /'prlau/ pills 48 pilot /'parlat/2, 49 pin-striped pin-up 14 pincers /'prnsaz/ pine / p a ~ n 4/ pineapple pissed /prst/ piste /pi:st/ place / p l e ~ s /7, plaice /piers/ 19, plain /plern/ 33, 44, plane /plern/ 29, 98 plant , ( - holder) planting 4 plaster plastic 26, 6 platonic / p l a l t ~ n r k1/ play plea /pli:/ 55, (as) pleased as Punch pledge /pled31 92 plenty (of) 45, pliers I p l a ~ a z / plod (-der) plonk (-er) plough /plau/ 18, ploy /pl31/ 92 plug /plAg/ plum / p l ~ m 4/ plumber / ' p l ~ m a / plump / p l ~ m p 3/ plus 24, pneumatic /njulmzetik/ 18 pneumonia /nju1maunra148 pocket money poetry l'pauatril42 (-tess) point , , 51, 85 point of view poke one's nose in (to) 74 polar bear pole-vault (-er) poles apart police (-man/woman/ officer) 40, (- station) policy / ' p ~ l r s i 28, / 54 polish /'poI1J/26 (-ed) politics /'polatrks/ (-tician) (-tical) / p a ' l ~ t ~ k a l / (political partylissue) 47 polka-dotted I4paulkadot~d/ poll /paul/ pollen /'polan/ pollution /pallu:Janl , 4 , polo-necked /paula1nekt/ 12 polytechnic /pnlr1teknrk139 pond 44 poodle /'pu:dall pool /pu:ll4 poplar I1poplal46 popular / ' p ~ p j a l a (-ity) l 11, 51 population 4 porch /p3:tJ/ 36 pork chop port port-hole porter 10, portion /'p3:Janl pose /pauz/ 10 position /palzrJanl possessions /palzeJanzl possible (-bility) post- postie /'pausti/ postman/postwoman 66, postpone Ipa'spaunl 10, 88 postwar pot 66 potato 28, (- chipslcrisps) 93 pottery 6 pound /paund/64 pour /p3:/ pour cold water on 80 pour down 32 pour oil on troubled waters 80 pour one's heart out t o s.b 80 pouring with rain 80 poverty / ' p ~ v a t i 30 / power ( - cut) (- point) practice (-tise) /'prrekt~s/1 pram /przem/ prat 95 prawn Ipr3:nl (- cocktail) pray /prer/ pre-schooler 9 prefix I1pri:frks/4 pregnant 48 prejudiced /'pred3ad1st/ premises l ' p r e m ~ s ~2z7i prepare 85, preposition prerequisite /pri:'rekwrzrt/ preschool prescribe /pra1skrarb/48 present I1prezant//pralzent/ 18, 62, 88 preside ipra1zard154 president I1prez1dant/(-ial) (-dency) press 52, 53, 71 press agency press-up 14 pressure I'preJal 10 pretend 88 previously prey /pre11 price (-less) (-y) (- tag) 2, 56, 88 prickly /'prrkli/46, pride /prard/ 11 priest /pri:st/ 40 priesthood I1pri:sthud/ prim and proper 7 primary Prime Minister prime number principle /'prrnsapal/ 1 print printer printout I1prrntaut/ 14 prior t o prison 55, pro-government pro- probable (-bly) 60 probation /pralbelJan/ 5 probe lpraubl92 problem ( free) proceeds /'prausi:dz/ produce /pra1d3u:s/ t p r ~ d u : s / (-r) 3, product / ' p r ~ d ~ k t / (-ion) ( - t h e ) (-tivity) 3, 10, 11 professor profit 56, 85 programme progress 18, 26 prohibited /pralhrbrtrd/ 96 projector /pra1d3ekta/8, 40 promote /pralmaut/ 40 prompt Iprnmptl22 pronoun /'praunaun/4 proof 5 property propose /pralpauz/ (-sal) 8 proprietor /pralprarata/ prosecute /'prosakju:tl 96 prospect 10 prosperity 11 protest /'prautest/ /praltestl 18 proudly I'praudlil 70 provide providedlproviding (that) 21 provisional /pra1vr3anal/58 provoke (-d) 22 prudence /'pru:dans/ 11 psalm /su:m/ 18 pseudo- /'sju:dau/ 1'su:dauI pseudonym /'sju:danrm/ /'su:dan~m/18 English Vocabulary in Use 287 psychiatry isar'karatrii (-tric) (-trist) 18 psychic ilsarkrk/ 18 psychology tsar ' k ~ l a d i I (-gical) (-gist) 18 pub (-tic house) 98 public relations officer 40 publish I'p~bl1J1(-er) (-ing) 42, 53, 89 pudding / ' p u d ~ g4/ puddle / ' p ~ d a l 44 / / puff / p ~ f 30 pull /pull 52 pull a fast one 74 pull it off 65 punctuation /p~gtJu:'e1Janl4 puncture / ' p ~ g t J a 93 / punish l ' p ~ n J 1(-ment) 55 PUPPY purchase /'p3:tIas/'7, 56, 96 purify /'pjrrrrfar/ purpose /'ps:pas/ 22 purr /p3:/ 2, purse /p3:s/ purser I1ps:sa/ 49 pushy I'puJil 34 put, expressions with 2, 3,18, 82, 88 pyjamas /paldga:maz/ 27, pyramid /'prramrd/ quack /kwaek/ quaint /kwe1nt/45 quarrelsome / ' k w ~ r a l s a m3/ quay /ki:/ 49 question /kwestJanl25, 48 (- mark) queue /kju:l93 quick (as - as a flash) 76 quick off the mark quick-tempered 34 quick-witted quid / k w ~ d 7/ / quiet / k w a ~ a t 71 (as as a mouse) 76 quit /kwrt/ 92 quite /kwart/ 57, 60, 69 quite the opposite quiz / k w ~ z 5/ - rabies /re~bi:z/38 race / r e ~ s3/ (- relations) racecourse /'rerskc~:s/41 racing driver 41 rack and ruin 7 racket lCra.krt/4 1,6 radar / ' r e ~ d a : /98 288 English Vocabulary In Use radical i'raedrkali radio station 45 radish /'rzdrJ/ radius /'reldias/51 rage Ire1d31 11, rail /re11149 railway cartcarriage 45, rain 19, 30 (-y) 32 (-forest) 44 (-water) 66 raise / r e ~ z /19, 86, 88 rake /rerk/ 36 range /re1ndg/29 rant and rave 7 rap /raep/ 94 rape /rerp/ 55 rapid I1raeprd/63 rash IrzJ148 raspberry l'rzezbaril43 rat-race I'raet r e ~ s 1l rate I r e ~ t 6l rate of exchange 56 rather I1ra:aal rattle I'raetall 61 ratty I'raetil rave reviews 42 ray(s) / r e ~ z /19, 61 razor I1re1za/27 re-introduce 86 reach /ri:tJ/ 65, 80, react /ri'zkt/ 18,52 reaction /ri'zkIan/ 25 readable I1ri:dabal/ readiness / ' r e d ~ n a s 8/ ready-made z/ realise / ' r ~ a l a ~(-sable) (-sation) 65 really reason 1, 22 rebate /'ri:be~t/56 recall /r1'k3:l/ 90 recede /ra'si:d/ 38 (-ding) 3 receipt /ralsi:t/ 18, 56 receive /ra'si:v/ 18, 53, 87, 89 receptacle /ralseptrkal/ 66 receptionist 26, 40 18 recipe I1res~pi/ reckon I1rekan/6 recognition /rekag1n~Jan/1 recognizable /rekag'na1zaball8 record I'rek3:dl /rr1k3:d/ 18, 91 record playerltoken 8, record-breaking 12 recover i r a ' k ~ v a 8l rectangle l'rektzggall recycled paper 44 (in the) red 56, 74 (as) red as a beetroot 76 ( a ) red rag to a bull 76 red-haired 12, 3 reddish /'redrJ/ redefine reduce 1r1'dju:sl 10, 96 reduction 11, 56 redundant / r ~ ' d ~ n d a n40 tl reed /ri:dl 19 referendum /refa1rendam/54 refrain Ira'fre~nl96 refugee /refju:'dgi:l 38 refund / ' r i : f ~ n d l56 refusal /ra1fju:zal/ 8, 40 regal I1ri:gall regional /'ri:dganal/ register I'redg~sta/ registry office 45 regret /ra1gret/7 regular reimburse /ri:~m'bs:sl7 rein 1re1nl 18, 19 reinforce /ri:ln'f3:s/ reject /r1'd3ekt/ I1ri:dgekt/ (-ion) 11, relationship 11 relaxed /rallaekst/ 12, 34 (-xing) release /ralli:s/ 5 relevant reliability 26 34 reliable /ralla~abal/ religious /rall~dgas/6 reluctantly 70 remote control 36, (-led) renovate I'renavertl 85 rent 62 rep 98 repel /rrlpel/ 35, 69 / repellent / r ~ ' p e l a n t69 rephrase /'ri:fre~z/9 replace (-ment) 8, 11 report 10, 53, 90 reported speech repose representation (-tative) repress reprint 18 reptile /'rept a111 1, 46 republic repulsion (-sive) 69 request / r ~ ' k w e s t7/ requirement /rrlkwaramant/ 11, 21 research /'ri:s3:tJ/ 26 (- worker) 40 resemble /r~'zembal/86 resentful/rese~ltment11 reserve / ~ I ' z ~ :88 v/ residence /'rezrdansl7 residential /rez~'denJal/45 resit /ri:'srtl39 resolution /reza'lu:Jan/ 25 respect /rrlspekt/ 10, 90 response 25 responsible rest and recreation 77 restaurant-car 49 / result / r r l z ~ l t22 retirement /rrltaramant/ 11 retract 86 retrospective /retralspekt~v/10 return /rl1t3:n/ 87, 93 retype reveal 86 revenge /rllvendg/ 87 reverse /rr1v3:s/ revert /r~'vs:t/1 review /rrlvju:l 2, 53, 91 revision l revolt / r r ' v ~ l t 69 revolution (-ary) (-ise) 54 rewind reword rewrite rheumatism /'ru:matrzam/ 48 rhyme /rarm/ 42 ribbon /'rrban/ 47 / 43 rice / r a ~ s26, / riddle / ' r ~ d a l 92 ride ridge /rrdg/ 44 riding 41 right hart/ 19, 100 right-angled right-wing ring , rink /rlqk/ 41 rip somebody off rip-off / ' r ~ p ~.56, f / 83 rise and shine rite hart/ 19 river 44 road 44, 61, 73 (- works) 13, 49 roast /raust/ 43 rob 5 robot /'raubDt/ 52 rock 42 (- y) 44 rod 41 romance /ra1maens/35 room root , rosemary /'rauzmari/ 35 rosy-cheeked 12 rotate irau'tertl 52 rotation, 52 / rotten / ' r ~ t a n 71 a/ rottweiler / ' r ~ t v a ~ l16 l 19,46, 64 rough l r ~ f 18, rough and ready 74, 77 round the bend 78 round trip 93 round-faced 33 round-neck route /ru:t/ 18 row /rau/ haul 19, 29 rowing-boat l'rarrlqI49 royal /r31al/ 1, rub / r ~ b / rubber / ' r ~ b a28, / 93 / 88, 93 rubbish / ' r ~ b l J66, (- bin) 93 / rudder / ' r ~ d a49 rude /ru:d/ 34 l ruff l r ~ f 19 / rugby / ' r ~ g b i41 ruined I1ru:rnd/ 57 Rumanian 31 / 61, 72 rumble / ' r ~ m b a l30, rump steak 43 run, expressions with 49, 54, 58, 63, 81, 91 run out 37,49, 91 run-down , runway 49 rural /'ru:ral/ rushing 63 Russian / 61 rustle / ' r ~ s a l 17, sack 66 (get the -) 40 sadistic /saldrstrk/ 34 sadly 70 sadness safe and sound 77 safety helmet / ' s e ~ f t i41 / safety officer 40 sail /sell/ 19, 49, 63 (-ling boat) sailor 8, 49 salad dressing salary /'saelari/ 56 sales assistant 40 salmon /'saeman/ 18, 43 salt (-y) 28,43, 71 salt water 46 sand 18, 6 (-y) 44 sardine(s)29, 43 satellite dish /'saetala~t/5 satin /'sztrn/ 15 satisfaction (-torily) (-tory) 11 satisfy (-fied) 1 sauce /s3:s/ 28 sauna I1s3:na/ sautP I1sauter/16 savings account 56 savoury /'selvari/43 saxophone /'saeksafaun/ 15 scales /skerlz/27, 46, 48 scalpel /'skzlpal/ 40, 48 scandal Scandanavia scarcity /'skeas~ti/8 scared out of one's wits 79 scared stiff 79 scene /si:n/ 19, 42, scenery I1si:nari/ 42 scent /sent/ 19 (-ed) 71 school /sku:l/ 2, , (-kid) 29 schoolmaster/schoolmistress 97 science / s a ~ a n s /18, 52 scientist 40 scissors /'srzaz/ 1, 13, 27 scorching /'sk3:tJrgl 32 score /sk3:/41 Scotch tape 93 Scottish 94 scratch /skraetJ/ scream /skri:ml 70 screech /skri:tJ/ screw /skru:l 95 screwdriver /'skru:drarval script Iskrrptl 40 scruffy /'skrhfl/ 33, 47 sculptor / ' s k ~ l p t a l (-ture) I ' s k ~ l p t J a l sea 4 , seafood 43 seagull / ' s i : g ~ l l46 seal /si:ll 46, 90 season /'si:zanl 43 second-class 12 secondary I'sekandril39 secretary l'sekratril40, 97 secure /salkjual 11, 65 security /salkjurrtil 11 (- officer) 40 see, expressions with 35, 71, 91, 100 seen better days 74 seething /'si:arg/ 68 English Vocabulary in Use 289 - self- 12 self-assured 12, 34 self-catering self-centred 12, 34 self-confident 12, 34 self-employed 2, self-important 34 self-indulgent 12, 34 sellotape I s e l a t e ~ p / 693 , semester /salmesta/ 93 semi- 9, 36 semi-colon /semi'kaulnn/4 seminar /'sem~na:l16 sender senior sensation sense 11 sensible 34 sensitive 9, 34 (-vity) 1 sent 19 sentence 4, 5 sentiment (-a]) (-alise) (-ally) 11,45 Serbian serial l'si:r~al/53 series I1si:ri:zl 27, serve 50 service 50 (- station) 49 set, expressions with 1, 2, 29, 42, 55, 88 set-up setback settee settle 32 shabby / ' J a b i t shade / J e ~ d /1,28, shake 72 shake-up shake in one's shoes 79 shallot / J a ' l ~ t 43 / shallow /'Jalaul44, 59 shape /Jelp/5 shares /Jeaz/ 56 shark /Ja:k/ 46 shawl /J3:l/ 16 shears IJ1azl27 shed 36 sheep 29,43, 73 sheepish 73 shell 38 (-ed) shepherd /'Sepad/ 97 shepherdess /Jepaldes/ sherbet /'Js:batl 16 shift-work /'J1ftws:kl40 shin-pads 41 shine /Ja1nl61 (-ny) 64 shipmate 35 290 English Vocobulory in Use shiver I'J1val72 (-y) 48 shoal /'Saul/ 29 shock 11 shocking-pink 12 shoe horn 13 shook Irukl 38 shoot /Ju:t/ , , shop-lifter (-lifting) 55, 96 shopping 66, 85 ( - centre) (-per) shore /J2:/44 short (-en) 59 (-age) 60 short cut 59 short story 42 short-sighted 12 I shorts , , ( a ) shot in the dark 74 shout /Jautl 18, 70 show /Saul 42, 53 show, it all goes to 74 shower I1Jaual30, 32, shrewd lJru:d/ 4, 34 shriek /Jri:kl 70 shrimp / J r ~ m p 43 / shrink /Jrigk/ 59 k/ shuttlecock / ' J ~ t a l k ~ 41 shyly /'Jalli/ 70 Siamese 73 sick and tired 68, 7 sick 48 (- leave) (as) sick as a dogtparrot 76 sickie I ' s ~ k i95 l sickly 43 sidewalk /'sa1dw2:k/ 93 siesta /si:'esta/ 16 sigh / s a ~ 72 / sight /salt/ 11, 19, 71, 89 sight-seeing 2, 50 signal-box 49 Sikhs /si:ksl3 silent 71 silk /s1lkl26, (-y) 64 silly 34 simple /'slmpal/ 34 since then 20 sincere / s ~ n ' s ~34 a / (-ly) 70 singer 8, 29 single 50, single-handed single-minded 12, 34 singlehood 99 sink sink or swim 7 sit 39 sitcom / ' s l t k ~ m53 / site / s a ~ t 19, / 45 sitting pretty 74 nI situation I s ~ t j u ' e ~ J a 25 sixth sense 71 sizeable I'sa~zaball5 sizzle I's~zall1 skating rink 45 ski /ski:/ 16,41, 50 skilled worker 40 skin cream 66 skinny Isk1nil4 skip 39, 73 skipper skittles l ' s k ~ t a l z41 l slalom /'sla:laml 16 slang /slag/ 4, 95 sleek lsli:k/ 64 sleep like a log 76 sleeping-car 49 sleet 32 sleeve slice /slarsl30 dim 4, 33 slim-hipped 12 slipper(s) 27, slippery 64 slither l ' s l ~ d a73 l sloth /slauO/ 11 slow slow lane 95 slow off the mark 78 slowcoach 63, 78 slowly but surely 7 slum / s l ~ m45 / slush / s l ~ J 2/ sly Isla11 34 small ads small talk 82 smart /sma:tl 33, 34, smash /smaJ/ smell (-y) 11, 71 smog /smng/ 32 smoke Ismauk/ 30 smoker smoko I1smaukau/94 smooth lsmu:bl64 smuggle / ' s m ~ g a l / (-r) (-ling) 55 snack 43 snail /sne11/ snake / s n e ~ k 73 / snatch /snatJ/ 71 sneeze 72 snifter I ' s n ~ f t a95 l snobbish / ' s n ~ b r S 12 / snooker /'snu:kal 41 snore /sn2:/72 snorkel I1sn2:kal/ 16 snort 95 snout lsnautl46 snow Isnaul 95 (-drift) 32 (-surfing) 99 (-y) 32 so 100 so to speak 100 so-called 12 soap , soap opera 53 (as) sober as a judge 76 sociable /'sauJabal/ 34 social club 45 social security 56 social trends socialist 67 / socket / ' s ~ k r t36 sofa 3, soft-hearted 12 soften I ' s ~ f a n 1l solar power l'saulal44 soldier I1sauldgal26 sole Isaull 19, 43, solid 64 solution 25 sombre I ' s ~ r n b a 61 l sooner or later 7 sophomore /'s~farn3:139 soprano /salpra:naul 16 sorbet I1s3:berl43 sore throat 48 sorry 18 sort of 100 sort 19 sought Is3:tl 19 soul Isaull 19 sound 61, 71, 89 (- barrier) sound bite , 9 soup 66 sour Isaual 43, 71 source Is3:sl 44 Southern African souvenir /su:va'nra/ 45 sow Isaul Isaul 19 / sozzled / ' s ~ z a l d 95 spacious I'sperJasl45 spaghetti Ispa'getil 16, 26 Spaniard I ' s p z n j a d Spanish spaniel I'spznjall 73 spark off 22 sparkle I1spa:kall sparse /spa:sl 64 spartan I1spa:tan1 15 spatter I'spztal speak one's mind 82 species I1spi:Ji:zl 46 spectacles /'spektakalzl 27, 66 speed 1 , spell /spell 30, 58 spend , , 89 sphere Isfrat spices I'sparsrzl (-cy) 43, 71 spill 17, spinach I1sprn~tJ143 spinster I'sprnstal 97 spiral I'sparrall spit spiteful /'spartfal/ splash IsplaeJl splendid split (- up) 35 splosh Ispl~J11 splutter I ' s p l ~ t a 1l spokesman/person/woman sl spondulicks / s p ~ n ' d u : I ~ k 95 sponsorship 1 sports car 49 (- centre) 45 spot 30 (-s) 48 (-ted) sprain lspre1nl48 spray (- can ) 44 spread /spred/ 38, spring to mind 74 sprinkle I1sprrnkal/1 sprinter 41 spud I s p ~ d spurt Isp3:tl l sputnik I ' s p ~ t n r k16 square Iskweal (-d) 51, 94 (a) square peg in a round hole 78 squash / s k w ~ J , , squid l s k w ~ d43 i stack 29 staff /sta:f/ /stafl , stage lsterdgl42 stain /stern/ 37 stairs Isteazl stake Isterkl 19 stalk Ist3:kl46 stamina I'stzrn~nal26 stammer l'stzrnal70 stand 54 (can't) stand/bear 35, 69 standardise I'stzndadarzl (-48 standstill I ' s t z n s t ~ l 45, l 89 stapler I'sterplal 8,40, 52 star star fruit star in starboard 1'sta:badl 49 stardom 1'sta:darnl 1 stare /steal 71 starling /'sta:l~g/2 start 37, 87 starter 43 starve (-vation) (-ving) 38 state of affairs 25 state 30, 54 statesmanlwoman 54 station managerlmaster 97 stationary I1sterJanril stay 94 steady boylgirlfriend 35 steak Iste~W19 steal /sti:ll55 stealth /stel01 11 steam engine 19, steep /sti:pl44, 49 steeple 1'sti:pall 45 steering-wheel 49 stem from 22 stepladder steppe Istepl 16 sterile I'sterarll 46 sterling /'sts:11g1 56 stetson /'stet sanl 15 stew /st ju:/ steward/stewardess 1'stju:adl 1stju:a'desl 49, 97 stick 41 stiffness I'st~fnasl48 gl stifling I ' s t a ~ f l ~32 stinking I'st~nkrgl71 stir Ist3:l (-rer) 63 stir fry 80 stir yourself I things up 80 stocky / ' s t ~ k i3/ stodgy / ' s t ~ d g i4/ stolen goods 95 stomach ache /'st~rnakerk/48 stone lstaunl 26, 64 (-d) 95 stool 1stu:Y stop 3, 37, 89 store Ist3:l 46 store card 99 storm 18, 32 straight-haired 12 streaker I1stri:ka/ 63 stream 44 streets ahead 81 strength /streg01 (-en) IstregBanI 11 stress (-ful) 45 stretch lstretJ159 strife Istrarfl 92 strike Istrarkl , string 29 striped lstrarptl47 stroke Istraukl 30, 71 strong 11, 67 (as as an ox) 76 - English Vocabulary in Use 29 strongly 11 struck structure I ' s t r ~ k t J a 5I stubborn / ' s t ~ b a n 34, / 73 stuck-up 12 study 36 stunning / ' s t ~ n r g 2/ stupid (-ity) 11, 34, 95 sturdy /'st3:di/ 46 / stutter / ' s t ~ t a 70 style /sta11/45 sub-editor 9, sub-human sub-species 46 subdivision l subject I ' s ~ b d g e k t/sabldgekt/ 3, 18, 59 submarine /s~bma'ri:n/9 submit 88 substitution /s~bstr'tJu:Janl11 / subtle / ' s ~ t a l 18 subtraction /s~b'tr:t.kSan/5 / suburb / ' s ~ b s : b 45 subway , succeed /saklsi:d/ 39, 65, 86, 87, success /saklses/ (-ful) 65, 85 / suck / s ~ k 72 Sudan 31 suede /swerd/ , l suffering l ' s ~ f r r g38 suffix sugar 26, 66 (-y) 43 sugar-free suggest /saldgest/ (-ion) 85, 88 suit /su:t/ 47, suitcase 36 / summit / ' s ~ m r t44 sun-tanned 12 sunbathe / ' s ~ n b e r d 5/ ,, (-bathing) sunburn 48 sung!asses super cola 95 superb superiority /suplari'nrati/ 11 supernatural 71 supersonic 49 supervisor 8, 40 supply /salplar/ 62 support (-er) (-ive) suppose 10 (-sing) 21 suppress /salpres/ surface I1ss:frs/ 64 surgeon /'ss:dgan/ , , 292 English Vocabulary in Use survive /sa'varv/ (-vor) (-val) 11,38 suspect /salspekt/ / ' s ~ s p e k t / 10, 18, / swallow / ' s w ~ l a u 72 swarm /sw3:m/ 29 sway Iswe11 63 sweatband 41 sweater sweatshirt 41 Swede /swi:d sweep something under the carpet 80 sweet 43, 66, 71, 93 sweet-smelling 46, 71 sweetcorn I1swi:tk3:n/ sweetheart I1swi:tha:t/ 69 swell with pride 79 swept /swept/ 38 swerve / s w ~ : v /49, 63 swift /swrftl 63 swim (-mer) 50, 59, 73 swimming pool Swiss switch on 52 swollen /'swaulan/ 48 sword ls3:d/ 18 swot /swot/ syllable /'srlabal/ synonym /'srnanrm/ syringe /salrrndg/ 48 ta /ta:/ ta-ta /talta:/ 7, 95 tablemat 36 tablets / ' t a b l a t s / tabloid I ' t a b l r d tadpole /'tadpaul/ 73 taffeta / ' t z f a t a / 16 tail /te11/2, 46, 49 tailback tailor /'te1la/40, Taiwanese /tarwalnr:z/ 31 take, expressions with 39, 40, 41,47, 48, 49, 58, 74, 77, 80, 81, 86, 87, 89, 90 take-away I1terkawel/45 takeover /'terkauva/ 14 talent 26 (-ed) 34 talk, expressions with 82 talk(s) 18, 92 talking of 75 talking-point 82 Tamil /'tamrl/ 31 t,anned / t a n d / 33 tap 71, 93 tape lterp128 (- measure) 48 (- recorder) 52 target 43 tarragon I t a r a g a n / tart 18 tartan taste Iterst/ (-ty) (-ful) 71 (-less) 11, 43, 71 tattoo /tzltu:/ 16 tawdry /'t3:dri/ tax /taks/ 13, 56 tax-free taxi 93 (- rank) tea 19,28, 66 (- bag/pot/ towel) 13, 26, 36, 66 teach I (-er) 8, , , , teacher's pet 78 teacher-training college 39 team , ( mate) 3 tearful I1trafal/ teasmade /'ti:zmerd/ 50 teaspoonful /'ti:spu:nfal/ 48 technical college 39 technology / t e k l n ~ l a d g i / (-gist) 52 teddy bear I'tedibeal tee /ti:/ 19 teeth 95 telecommunications 52 telepathy /tallepaOi/ 71 telephone (-nist)18 teleworking /'teliw3:k11~/ 99 telly /'teli/ 7, 98 temper /Itempa/ 30, 88 temperance I1temprans/ l , temporary /'tempari/ tempt (-ation) ten-pin bowling 41 tenant 62 tend , tender (-ness) 11 tennis , tense 34 tension /'tenJan/ 30 tent (on) tenterhooks I1tentahuks/80 term 93 terms 89 terrace I1terrs/(-d) 36 terrify I1terrfar/8 terrorist Itterarrst/ (-ise) 4, 8, 55 test(s) 39, 48 texture /'tekstJal 64 Thai /tar/ thanks , that is to say 100 that reminds me 75 that's all well and good that's itlthat 75 thaw / b : / 32 theatre i'01atai 3, 42, theft i0eftl55 then 20 thermal spring 44 thermometer iOa'rnnrn~tai48 thick 10rki 64 thin 64 ( faced) 33 ( lipped) (as as a rake 76 thinker third /03:d/ rhirsty i103:sti/ 68 thirtyish l'03:ti1Si8 this and that 75 this is it 75 this, that and the other 75 thistle 1'01salI 46 thorn 103:nl 46 though idaul18 thought 103:tl 11 thread i0redi 26, 92 threaten ilOretanl 70 three-dimensional thrifty i'0r1ftii4, 34 thrilled i0r1ldi (-ling) 68 thrive 10ra1vi46 through i0ru:l 18, through road 96 throughout i0ru:'autl20 throw 10rauI throw away thud i ~ d 6i thunder 30 (-storm) 32 thyme i t a ~ m43 i ticket collector/holder/office 8, 49 (the) tide has turned 80 i tidy l ' t a ~ d i 88 tight(s) itart(s)l27, 47, 93 (in a ) tight corner 80 tight-fisted 34 tight-fitting 12 till then 20 timber l ' t ~ m b a 26 i time, expressions w i t h time and time again 58 (the) time (that) 20 time bomb 38 time-consuming 12 time share 36, 50 timeless i ' t a ~ m l a s58 i tin 66 ( - opener) 8, tinkle i 't ~ q k a l i1 - tiny I ' t a ~ n i 5l tip 26 (on the) tip of one's tongue 83 tippex I ' t ~ p e k s4l tiptoe i't ~ p t a u i83 tire i'taral 19 (-d) 48, 57, 68 tissues i1t~Ju:z166 titfer I ' t ~ t f a 95 l to and fro 77 to boot 24 to my mind to the touch 64 toe 19 toe the line 80, 83 tolerant tolerate 4, 88 tom 73 tomb itu:mi 18 tomcat tongs I t ~ q z l tons of toowit toowoo i t a ' w ~ talwu:l t 73 tool 1tu:ll (- box) 66 tooth ltu:0/ (- paste) 26, 30, 66 top 51 top-hole 95 top-secret 12 top of the class 78 (on) top form 79 (on) top of (all) that 24 (on) top of the world 79 topic I ' t ~ p ~25 kl topnotch I t n p ' n ~ t J i8 tore lt3:i 63 torrential rain 32 tortoise l l t ~ : t a s li , totally touch /tAtS/ 11, 71 tough I t ~ f 18 l tour It3:l 50 touring l't3:r1qi tow /tau1 19 town council 54 Town Hall toy it31166 tracksuit tractor i1trzekta140 trade 28 traditional (-kt) traffic (- jam/lights/system/ warden) 13, 27,45, 5.5 trafficking I ' t r a f l k ~ q55 l tragedy i'tradgadii 38 training 26 tram 49 transfer itrzns'f3:l irtrznsf3:i 18 transitive transport /'tr:cnsp3:tl Itrzn'sp3:tl (-ation) 10, , , transpose itrans'pauzi 10 trashcan l ' t r z J k z n i travel 26, 50, 63 trawler /'tr3:lal49 tread itredl 18 treatment 48 tree 46 tremble i'trembali 72 tremor I'tremal 38 trendy I1trendil47 trespasser i'trespasal 96 trial i ' t r a ~ a l55 l i 51 triangle l't r a ~ z q g a l 2, triangular Itrar'zqgjalal tributary l'trrbjatrii 44 trickle I'tr~kall1 trip 26 trot 73 trouble (-some) (-ling) 65, 90 trouble and strife 95 trousers 1, 27, 47, 93 trout Itrautl 43 truck 93 trunk 46, 93 trunks trustworthy 1'tr~stws:dil34 try 55 try on tsar 1sa:I It sa:l 16 T-shirt tub i t ~ b 66 i tube itJu:bi 7,30, 66 tulip /'tJu:l~pl16 tumble dryer 36 tummytuck i ' t ~ m i t ~99 kl tundra i ' t ~ n d r a 16 l i tungsten l ' t ~ q s t a n 16 turbulent i1t3:bjalanti44 Turkish 31 turn, expressions with 35, 91 turn-out 14 turning point 80 turnip turnout 91 turnover tusk 46 tutor I1tJu:ta/ 39 TV (set) 50, 53, 98 tweed 1twi:dl 15 tweezers 1'twi:zazI twig Itwrgl 46 twinkle l ' t w ~ q k a l61 i English Vocabulary in Use 293 twist one's ankle (in) two minds 79 two and two together, put 88 two-dimensional two-faced tycoon /tallku:n/ 16 typewriter typhoid l'tarf~11dI38 typist / ' t a ~ p ~ s8,t / 40, tyre(s) / ' t a ~ a ( z )19, / 49, 95 ugly / ' ~ g l i (-liness) / 11, 3 Ukrainian /ju:'krein~an/31 ulcer / ' ~ l s a 48 / umbrella 88 unaccompanied 96 unattractive 3 unbend uncertainty 30 uncomfortable unconvincing uncountable under the weather , underactive undercooked , underdone underfoot 64 underground railway underhand underpaid underpants 27, underpass underpriced undershirt understand 85, 86, undertake 86 undertrials 94 underused underwear , , 94 underweight underworked undo / ~ n ' d u : / undress 9, uneasily 70 unemployed unemployment 1 (- benefit) 56 Unesco 1ju:'neskaul 98 uneven unfold ungrateful unhappiness (-pily) 70 unheard-of uni /'ju:nil 94 union official 40 university 39, unjust English Vocabulary in Use unleaded petrol 44 unless 21 unlikely unload unlock unmanned unmarried (-man /woman) 9, 97 unprincipled 34 unskilled worker 40 unstaffed untidy-looking 3 unusual unveil unwrap unzip up and down 7 up in arms u p t o it 74 up t o the ears uplifted 68 upset 14, 18, 68 upshot / ' ~ p J o t /22 upskiing 9 urban urge /3:@/ 70 Uruguayan /ju:ralgwalan/ 31 use 19, (- up) usefullless utility room utterly tali/ V-neck /'vi:nek/ vacancy I1ve1kansi/ 96 vacate / v e ~ ' k e ~5t0/ vacation / v e ~ ' k e ~ J a9.3 n/ vacuum cleaner /'vaekju:ml36 valley 44 valueless van 49 vandalism 45 variety show vase /va:zl vast veal /vi:ll vegetarian vegetation 46 vehicle I1vi:ikall 49, 96 velocity / v a ' l ~ s ~ t6i 3/ velvet /'velvatl vendetta /venldetal Venezuelan /venaz'we~lan/31 venison verandah 36 verb verdict / ' v s : d ~ k t l5 verse 42 very 57, vest vet 7, 40, viaduct I ' v a l a d ~ k t 10 l vice-president victim 38 Victorian 45 video cameralcassette Irecorderltape , view 2, 25, 50, 67, villa vinegar /'vlnlga/26,43, violin / v a i a l l ~ n(-ist) l 3, / virus / ' v a ~ r a s 48 vision / ' v ~ g a n /1 vivid vogueing / ' v a u g ~ ~99 j/ voice 48 volcano /vollke~nau/38, 44 vote /vaut/ vow /vau/ 92 vulgar fraction wage waist / w e ~ s t /1 waistcoat / ' w e ~ s k a u t 47, / 93 wait waiterlwaitress waiting-room walk-out wallet /'wolat/ wally / ' w ~ l i 9/ waltz /welts/ wand /wnnd/ wander /'wonda/ Wanderlust / ' w ~ n d a l ~ s1t6/ want , want to have your cake and eat it 81 war 38, 85 warder / ' w ~ ~ : d 9a 5/ wardrobe /'w~:draub/3, warm-hearted warmth /w3:m0/ 1 wash up washable I w ~ J a b a l8/ washing powder 26 washing-up (liquid) 26, 36, 66, 85 waste (- disposal) 44 (- paper) 66 water /w3:ta/ 18, 66 (-fall) 44 watt / w ~ t 1/ wavy / ' w e ~ v i 3/ ( a ) way with way out weak (-ness) 8, 1 , wealth IwelOI 1 wearunders / ' w e a r ~ n d a z 94 / weather 1, 19,26, 30 (- forecast) 53 wed 92 wee /wi:l 94 weigh /we11 19, 48, 64 (-ty) 64 weird l w ~ a d 34 i welfare state 13 well (then) 100 well-behaved 12 well-built 33 well-dressed 12, 3 , well-off 12 well worth a 45 wellingtons /'wel~gtanz/ (wellies) 5, 15, 27 whacked lwrekti 17 what if 21 what with one thing and another 75 what's more 24 what's on? 42 wheels /wi:lz/ 95 wheeze /wi:z/ 17 when it comes to 75 where was I? 100 whereabouts l'wearabautsi wherever /wealreva/ 21 whether 19 whichever 21 while 20 whine l w a ~ n i19 / whip / w ~ p 17 whirl /ws:1/ 17 whirr /w3:/ 17 i whisk l w ~ s k 17 whiskers l ' w ~ s k a z2, i 46 l whisper / ' w ~ s p a70 whistle l ' w ~ s a l17, i 18 (as) white as snow / a sheet 76 whiting / ' w a ~ t ~43 g/ whizz /WIZ/17 whoever lhu:'eva/ wicked i'wlk1dl95 wide (-n) 59 wide-eyed 12 width lw1d0i 11, 59 wife-to-be 3.5 willow / ' w ~ l a u46 / wind 19, 30, 32 window cleaner 40 windscreen (- wiper) 8, windsurfing 41, 50 wine 19, 66 (- and dine) 77 wings l w ~ g z 46, i 49 wink / w ~ g k 72 / wisdom I wishbone /'w1Jbaunl6 wishful thinking with a view to / the aim of 22 withdraw /w1b'dr2:/ 56 wither l ' w ~ b a 38 l within walking distance, 45 with-it 47 witness 55, 71 wizard / ' w ~ z a d95 / wolf /wulf/ womanhood 1 won / w ~ n41 / womb lwu:m/ 18 wood , , 4 , 6 (can't see the for the trees) 91 woof /wuf/ 73 wool /wul/ (-len) 26, 47 word (-y) 3, 18 word-processing (+or) 13, work 18, 26,28, 29, 30,37, 40 (-s) 42 k/ workaholic / w s : k a l h ~ l ~40 worker workmate 35 workout ilws:kautl 14 work like a dream 76 world of difference 23 (the) world's worst 81 world-famous 12, 18 worm /ws:m/ 46 worn out 12, 68 i 68, 70 worried l ' w ~ r i d 57, worship l'ws:J~p/8, 35, 69 worth /ws:O/ 45, 56 wound /wu:nd /waundl19,38 wrap up the discussion /rrepl 82 wreck trek/ 19, 49 wrestling i1resllg/41 wriggle i'r~gall(-gly) 17, 46 wrinkle i'r1rjkall3.3 wrist l r ~ s t48 i writer l ' r a ~ t a 8, i 26, 97 i write-off l ' r a ~ t o f 14 write-up l ' r a ~ t ~ 14 pi wrong /rng/ 50, 57 (get the end of the stick) 74,82 yew /ju:l46 yoghurt i'jogatl 16,66 you knowisee 100 youngster / ' j ~ g s t a33 l youth club 45 youth hostel 13, 29,45, 50 yuppy l ' j ~ p i98 i zinc i z ~ g k 66 l zip 47 zoology lzu:'~lad3i/(-gist) (-gical) 18, 52, 71 zucchini /zrrSki:ni/43 - - yacht /jot/ 5, 16, 49, 93 yashmak l1jreJmaek/ 16 yawn ij2:ni 72 (-ing gap) 23 yearn ljs:n/ 69 yellow fever 38 Yemeni lljemani/ yes 95, 100 English Vocabulary in Use Proverbs & Sayings Abbreviations A bird in the hand 84 & co 98 NE 98 Absence makes 84 alc 98 NW 98 All that glitters 84 AIDS 48,98 OAPs 98 Don't count your chickens 84 ANC 98 o.n.0 98 Don't cross your bridges 84 Arr 98 OPEC , Don't put all your eggs 84 asap 98 P.E Let sleeping dogs lie 91 Ave 98 PIN 98 Look before you leap 90 B and B 45 PLO 98 Many hands make 84 BBC 98 PM 54, 92,98 Never judge a book 84 BSc 98 POWs 98 Never look a gift horse 2, 84 BT 98 PS 98 People who live in glass houses 84 c/o 98 PTO 98 Take care of the pence 84 CD 52,98 ref 98 There's no smoke 84 CFC 98 rep 98 Too many cooks 84 CIA 98 RIP 98 When the cat's away 84 CIS 98 RN 98 cresc 98 RSVP 98 Dep 98 SE 98 Dr 98 St 98 e.g 98 SW 98 enc 98 TV 50,53, 98 You can lead a horse to water 84 ET 98 UFO 71, 98 etc 24, 33, 98 UN 54,98 EU 54 USSR 98 ext 98 VAT 56 FBI 98 VDU 52 Fr 98 WC 98 GB 98 WHO 98 i.e 98 IRA 98 KGB 98 MD 98 MI5 98 Miss 97 MP , , Mr 98 Mrs 97 Ms 97,98 NATO 54,98 NB 98 296 English Vocabulary m Use \ Michael McCorthy & Felicity O'De,