lý thuyết và bài tập thì quá khứ đơn

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lý thuyết và bài tập thì quá khứ đơn

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Quá khứ đơn (Simple Past) A/ Form: (Hình thức) * Đối với đặc biệt Tobe: Was / Were I We He You She was They It were Số nhiều Số Lưu ý: Khẳng định: S + was / were + … Phủ định: Thêm “not” sau “was/were” Nghi vấn: Đưa “was/were” trước chủ ngữ * Đối với động từ tình thái ( ĐT khiếm khuyết ) (Modal verbs) : Could, Might, Must… + V(inf) Các hình thức thể khẳng định, phủ định, nghi vấn nghi vấn phủ định : Giống TOBE Lưu ý: Động từ tình thái giống tất , không phân biệt chủ ngữ số hay số nhiều * Đối với Động từ thường (Verb): - Positive (Khẳng định): + Với động từ hợp quy tắc ( Regular verbs): S + V-ed + … + Với động từ bất quy tắc (Irregular verbs): S + V2 + … Lưu ý : V-ed : Động từ thêm « ed » V2 : Động từ cột thứ bảng Động từ bất quy tắc (Học thuộc lòng) Ex1 : I worked hard They worked hard He worked hard Ex2 : We saw Peter Nam saw Peter She saw Peter V2 ( see - saw - seen ) - Negative (Phủ định) : S + did Ex1 : I did not work work hard + not + V(inf) + … hard They didn’t work hard He didn’t V(inf) Ex2 : We did not see didn’t see Peter Nam didn’t see Peter She Peter V(inf) = V1 Lưu ý : did not = didn’t / didnt / Did + S + V(inf) + …? - Interrogative (Nghi vấn): Ex1 : Did you work hard ? Did they work hard ? Did he work hard ? Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t Yes, they did./ No, they didn’t Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t Ex2 : Did you see Peter ? Did Nam see Peter ? Did she see Peter ? Yes, we did./ No, we didn’t Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t Yes, she did./ No, she didn’t Lưu ý : Phủ định: Nghi vấn: ngữ Mượn “did” thêm “not” sau “did” Mượn “did” đưa “did” trước chủ * Khi mượn trợ động từ « did » , động từ phải đưa nguyên mẫu « không to » V-ed V V2 V1 *Hình thức Quá khứ đơn giống tất ngôi, không phân biệt chủ ngữ số hay số nhiều - Nghi vấn phủ định : Ex : - Did you not work ?/ Didn't you work? - Did he not work ? /Didn't he work? - Did they not work ? / Didn't they work? B/ Spelling : Cách thêm « ed » sau động từ hợp quy tắc : - Hầu hết động từ hợp quy tắc thêm « ed » vào sau : Ex : start - started lock - locked - Chỉ thêm « d » sau động từ tận « e » : Ex : live - place - lived placed - Động từ tận phụ âm + y , đổi y Ex : try - study - tried studied i thêm « ed » Nhưng : enjoy stay - enjoyed Vì trước y nguyên âm stayed - Động từ âm tiết tận phụ âm mà trước nguyên âm gấp đôi phụ âm cuối thêm « ed » : Ex : stop beg stopped - begged Nhưng : earn - earned book - booked Vì trước phụ âm cuối nguyên âm - Không gấp đôi « w » « x » cuối : Ex : show fix - showed fixed - Động từ âm tiết trở lên mà có trọng âm âm cuối gấp đôi phụ âm cuối thêm « ed » Ex : permít occúr - - permitted occurred Nhưng : ópen - opened óffer - Vì trọng âm âm đầu offered Pronunciation: (Cách phát âm “ed”) - Phát âm / t / sau âm vô thanh: /p, k, f, s, sh, ch, gh/ Ex: stopped cooked laughed kissed washed watched /f/ - Phát âm / Id / sau âm: Ex: added /d/ , /t/ wanted - Phát âm / d / sau nguyên âm âm h u thanh: /b, ge, g, v, the, z, m, n, ng, h, l, r, w, j/ Ex: freed rubbed dragged loved bathed (bathe) used massaged charged named banged /z/ failed cared Lưu ý: Thì Quá khứ đơn động từ thường có hình thức cho tất ngôi, không phân biệt chủ ngữ số hay số nhiều played Ex: I / You / We / They / He / She / It / Lan / People … sa w C/ Usage : (Cách dùng) 1/ Diễn tả hành động xảy chấm dứt thời điểm định khứ Thường dùng với phó từ cụm từ như: - yesterday ( morning / afternoon / evening) - last ( Monday / week / month / year / night / summer…) - ago ( days ago, a year ago, 15 minutes ago …) - in + khoảng tgian qkhứ ( in 1985 ) - before - once : trước kia, xưa kia, có thời ( đứng trước động từ cuối câu) - once upon a time : Ex : - There was a bank robbery in central London last week - Her father died twelve years ago (Bố cô ta cách 12 năm) - I had an argument with them yesterday morning (Sáng hôm qua, cãi với họ) 2/ Diễn tả hành động hoàn toàn thuộc khứ , tách rời với (dù không nêu thời điểm định) Ex : - The Chinese invented priting (Người Trung Quốc phát minh việc in ấn) - King Quang Trung was a military genius, a visionary diplomat, a preeminent leader (Vua Quang Trung thiên tài quân sự, nhà ngoại giao biết nhìn xa trông rộng, lãnh tụ kiệt xuất) - Our teacher always advised us to be studious and dutiful to our parents (Thầy khuyên chăm học hành hiếu thảo với cha mẹ) (Nay thầy qua đời chẳng hạn") Do vậy, dùng văn sử ký, thuật truyện kể cố khứ 3/ Diễn tả hành động xảy đồng thời với hành động khác khứ Ex : She left the room as I entered it 4/ Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ Ex : He parked a car, got out of it, closed all the windows, locked the doors and then walked into the house ( Anh đỗ xe, bước ngoài, đóng tất cửa sổ, khoá cửa sau vào nhà 5/ Mượn “did + V(inf)” vào câu khẳng định để nhấn mạnh : Ex: She did see him in the street the other day (Cô ta thấy đường phố vào ngày hôm mà) D-Practice I Em cho dạng động từ ngoặc để hoàn thành thư sau Dear Jean, Well, I am here in Vietnam on our ASEAN coutries tour We ………………….(get)1 to Ho Chi Minh City five days ago ………………….(have)2 a good day journey It ……………… (take) We three days by bus, but we ……………… (see) losts of things on the way We ……………………(not do) much for the first two days, as a couple of other girls ……………………(be)6 ill We ………………… (spend)7 most of the time on the beach On Wednesday we ………………………(come)8 up to the mountains, and yesterday we ………… (go)9 to Hue, the ancient capital of Vietnam and ……………….(do)10 some sightseeing It …………….(be)11 fantastic! We ……………… (not have)12 a lot of time there, but we …………… (see)13 everything and I …………………….(take)14 lost of photos Hope you’re well You …………………….(receive)15 my card from Thailand? Love, Matt II Em chuyển câu sau sang dạng phủ định nghi vấn Ví dụ: I went to Hanoi yesterday - I didn’t go to Hanoi yesterday - Did you go to Honoi yesterday? Liz bought many souvenirs in Ho Chi Minh City I was very tired after the trip They are watching my father’s new motorbike We visited Cham Temples last month Trung’s brother goes on holiday in Ha Long Bay every summer They will take their soon to the zoo next weekend My parents live in the countryside Tom gave me some American stamps five days ago Mrs Oanh his our new literature teacher 10 There was a toy store next to the museum III Em ghép câu hỏi cột A với câu trả lời thích hợp cột B A B 1.How was your vacation in Da Lat? a.I saw her last week 2.Who did you go with for lunch b Because I was tired yesterday? c I went with my cousin 3.What did you see on your trip to Nha d No, I wasn’t Trang? e I saw many different types Where were you last night? of fish When did you see Nhung f It was wonderful What time did you go to see the g I walked moive? h Yes, I did Did you take many photographs? i I was at home Were you at Hung’s birthday party j I went to see it at pm last Sunday? Why didn’t you go to Nam’s birthday party two days ago? 10 How did you get to work last Monday? IV Em đặt câu hỏi cho chỗ trống để hoàn thành hộ thoại sau Việt: Hello, Liz How are you? Liz: I’m a bit tired And you? Viet: Oh, fine, thanks (1) ……………………………………………… day off yesterday? Liz: Yes, I did I had a day out with Kien Viet: (2) …………………………………………………………………………………… ? Liz We went to Kien’s home village Viet: (3) ………………………………………………………………………….good time? Liz: Yes, it was great Viet: (4) ………………………………………………………………………………… ? Liz: We went swimming and fishing Viet: (5) ………………………………………………………………………………….? Liz: I came home at pm V Em cho dạng thức lại động từ sau Ví dụ: go does doing did teach take stop have play think study eat 10 lie VI Em đọc đoạn văn sau chọn đáp án cho câu hỏi My name is John, and this is my story Last year just before Christmas my family and our cousin and uncle and aunt decided to go to Perth for holiday We went in two cars but when we were about halfway there my uncle wanted to turn round and come back He said it was too far, and it was terribly hot too, one day it was 480C Even at night it was really hot Anyway, what we decided to was to drive back about 160 km to a place where the train went through Then we put both cars on the train and we all went to Peth by train That was fun It was a good train We had a good time in Perth but we had to cut our holiday short You see, while we were there my grandmother (my mother’s mother) in Melbourne died Most of us flew back but but my Dad and my uncle came on the train with the cars and then had to drive back to Melbourne from Port Pirie It was a really strange holiday because nothing went the way we planned it When did John’s family go to Perth? A before Christmas B before Easter C before Thanksgiving D before the New Year Why did John’s uncle want to come back? A Because it was too hot B Because it was too far C Because he was to tired D Both A and B In the end john’s family went to Perth…………………… A by train B by coach C by car D by plane Who died when John’s family were on holiday? A his mother’s father B his mother’s mother C his father’s mother D his father’s father most of John family came back…………………… A by train B by ship C by plane D by car Who in John’s family had to go by train and car to Melbourne? A his father B his uncle C his parents D his father and uncle VII Em điền giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành câu sau 1 Hoa’s new skirt was white…………………red and yellow flower it Lien made a cushion .………………her own room Nam lives a long way ……………his grandparents’ house Liz helped me a lot… ……………my stamp collection Did you speak Mr Robinson your vacation Dalat? Lam tired the blue shirt but it didn’t fit There is a souvenir shop near the exist the zoo VIII Em chọn động từ cho trước điền vào chỗ trống thích hợp để hoàn thành thư Nhớ chia động từ not get back take decide find hire arrive get up not be stop dive go Dear Ha, Hi, I’m on holiday in Nha Trang with the Robinsons We ………………(1) last Saturday The first day the weather …………(2) very nice, so we ……………….(3) some sightseeing I …………….(4) lost of photographs On Monday we ……………(5) a car and ……… .(6) out into the country We ………………(7) for lunch at a lovely little village and then in the afternoon we ………………….(8) a beautiful beach Last night we ………………(9) to the cinema We ………………(10) till about 11p.m., so we………………(11) late this morning and we ……………… (12) to have a relaxing day by the hotel swimming pool So that’s where I am now Love, An IX Em chọn đáp án ngoặc để hoàn thành câu sau Did you (get up / got up) late this morning? We (buyed / bought) some souvenirs from our holiday in Vietnam (Was / Were) your last birthday over six weeks ago? Hoang (didn’t arrive / not arrived) in the evening (Was / Did) the Robinsons return to Hanoi by train? Hoa learned how (using / to use) a sewing machine with her neighbor, Mrs Mai Was Nguyet at the theater last night? – Yes , (she was / she did) The Browns went to Ho Chi Minh City (by plane / on plane) Hung is a good friend of (me / mine) 10 I don’t know where (was he / he was) last night

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