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Về thời gian họcCần phải có thời gian học hợp lý, lúc cảm thấy mệt không thể tập trung thì bạn hãy giành thời gian để nghỉ ngơi thư giãn, đừng ép bản thân học trong khi tâm lý bị gò bó áp lực, tuy nhiên sau khi giải lao ban phải vào guồng và học một cách nghiêm túc.Về phương pháp họcNgoài niềm đam mê yêu thích thì để học tốt lịch sử bạn cần có cho mình những phương pháp học phù hợp, với mỗi bạn có thể có những phương pháp khác nhau miễn sao là có hiệu quả.Vì vậy, bạn có thể tự sáng tạo cho mình các cách học riêng, khi làm bài cần đọc kỹ câu hỏi, xác định đề yêu cầu những gì và mình sẽ triển khai ý trong đề ra như thế nào, tránh dài dòng lan man. Sau đây là 1 số gợi ý phương pháp học để các bạn tham khảo.
pHAM DLfC CLfdNG (Chu bien) E TAN Rl - BUI IRAN DLfC ANH THAI, THAN THANH SANG 530.076 L527TH CAC DANG BAI TAP TQ CAC D E THI QUOC GIA (TOT NGHIE P - T U Y E N kINH) VAT^Y / ^ C a c de c h i n h thiic v a de l u y ^ n t a p p a n va thang diem ciia B Q Giao due va Dao tao (Tai b a n , svfa chvTa v a bo sung) Cho mach dien xoay chieu nhif h i n h ve Bi^t cuon day c6 dien t r d khong ~ dang ke K h i khoa k dong dong dien qua mach cham pha hofn dien ap hai _ d^u mach la — K h i khoa k md dong dien qua mach nhanh pha i :4„: ,,_4_.i horn dien ap hai dau mach la — Moi lien he giOfa cam dung khang Zc cua ma -|i4 A Z L = (V3 + DZc D V L C Z: = ^ D ZL = M 1 (73- DZC NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC Si/ PHAM PHAM DLfC CLfdNG (Chu bien) LE TAN Ri - BUr TRAN DISC ANH THAI - THAN THANH SANG LUYEN THI CAP TOC • CAC DANG BAI TAP TlT CAC OE THI QUOC GIA (^at nqklift - ^tufln dnh) VAT L Y Cac de chinh thCfc va de luyen tap Dap an va thang diem cua Bg Giao due va Dao tqo (Tdi ban, sura chufa va bd sung) THt; V i a ; TNVH BiNH VHUAW NHA XUAT BAN DAI HQC Si/ PHAM www.matheducare.com MUC L U C Phan 1: Tom tat giao khoa 49 53 53 54 56 B Phan rieng cho chirong trinh nang cao Dpng lyre HQC vat ran Con lac v§t K Hi?u img Dop-ple Thuyet tuong doi h^p Thuyet Big bang 13 17 25 31 37 43 A Phan chung cho cce ban va nang cao Dao dpng ca Song ca Dao dpng di^n tir - song difn tir Dong di?n xoay chieu Song anh sang Lugng tir anh sang H^t nhan nguyen tir Tir vi mo den vT mo Phan 2: Kien thirc can nhor 77 80 80 80 82 B Phan rieng cho chirong trinh nang cao Ca hpc v^t ran Con lac v§t li Hi?u irng Dop-ple Quang di$n Tia X (Ronghen) 58 64 66 69 70 73 74 A Phan chung cho co ban va nang cao Dao dpng CO Song ca Dong di?n xoay chieu Dao dpng di^n tu Song anh sang Quang di^n Vat li h^t nhan Phan 3: Dap an va huoTig dan giai cac de on luyfn Tu Tai Phan 4: Dap an va hv&ng dan giai cac de on luyf n Dai h9c - Cao dang 83 190 ^han t: Phan TdM T A T G I A O K H O A chujif cho ban of ban ad ndn^ eao DAO DONG CQ I Dao d9ng dien hoa : * Dao dpng tuan hoan la dao dpng ma trang thai chuyen dpng cua vat dupe l$p lai nhu cij sau nhung khoang thai gian bSng * Chu ky la khoang thai gian ngan nhat de tr^ng thai dao dpng cua v^t l^p l^i nhu cu hay thai gian thvrc hi?n dao dpng toan phan * Dao dpng dieu hoa la dao dpng dupe mo ta bang djnh lu^t dang cos hoae sin: X = Acos(cot+ (p) Vai: + X la li dp ciia dao dpng (khoang each dgi sS tir vat den v/ tri can bdng) + A la bien dp cua dao dpng, don vj : m; em (A = + /x„a.x/) CO la tan so goc ciia dao dpng, don vj : rad/s (co cho biit dao dpng nhanh hay chants co Id toe dp bien doi ciia goc phaj + (cot + cp) la pha dao dpng t^i thai diem t, pha chinh la doi s6 cua ham cosin va la mpt goc (Pha dao d0ng cho ta biet v/ tri vat dao d^ng, gid tri vd each bien thien cua vgn toe va gia toe vat dao dgng Pha dao dgng xde dfnh trgng thai vat dao dqng) + (p la pha ban dau ciia dao dpng (Pha ban ddu xde dinh trgng thai ban ddu ciia vgt dao d(>ng, ph^i thuQc each chgn goc tog dp vd goc thai gian) + Vgn toe va gia toe v|it dao dpng dieu hoa bien thien cung tan so vai tan so v^t dao dpng + V$n toe nhanh pha ^ so vai li dp x + Gia toe ngupc pha so vai li dp x * Lye tac diing lam vat dao dQng dieu hoa: + C6d9ngF = - k x + Lvrc luon huang ve VTCB nen dupe gpi la \\fc keo ve (hay lye hoi phye) * Dao dpng eiia lac 16 xo la mpt dao dpng dieu hoa co chu ky: * Voi goc l^ch nho, dao dgng ciia lac don la mpt dao dgng dieu hoa c6 chu ky: T= n Vg * H f dao dQDg: + thvrc hi^n dao dpng t\ dupe gpi la hf dao dpng + Dao dpng t\ la dao dpng xay duoi tac d\ing ciia npi l\rc (Noi each khdc dao dgng tir c6 chu ky chi phu thuQC cac dgc tinh ciia h^, khong phu thuQC cdc yeu to ben ngoai) + Chu ky cua dao dpng t\ gpi la chu ky rieng Vidu: + Con lac Id xo la rnqt h^ dao dgng (c6 chu ki chiphy thuQC vao m va k), l\cc dan hoi tac dung vac vgt la ngi l\rc + Con lac dcm va Trdi ddt (hay lac vgt It vd Trdi ddt) Id h? dao n Cor nSng: Do v^t n^ng iSc 16 xo chju tac dyng ciia l\rc dan hoi va iSc don la trpng lyc nen ca nang ciia v$t dupe bao toan vi l^rc dan hoi va trpng Ivrc la nhung \\fc the * Co' nang dao d$ng dieu hoa: + The nang: E, = ^ kx^ = ^ kA^cos^(cot + cp) + Dpng nang: Ea = ^ mv^ = ^ kA^sin^((ot + 9) + Ca nSng toan phan: E = E, + E^ = — kA^ =—mco^ = const V$y suot qua trinh dao dpng dieu hoa c6 s\f chuyen hoa nSng lupng gi&a the nSng va dpng nSng nhung ca nSng khong doi va ti I9 vai binh phuang bien dp dao dpng III Dao dgng t^t dan: Dao dpng tat dan la dao dpng c6 bien dp giam dan theo thai gian tac dyng ctia ma sat nhot * D^c diem: + Dao dpng tat dan noi chung khong c6 tinh dieu h6a nhung xet thai gian ngin ta c6 the coi la dao dpng dieu hoa vai chu ki rieng va tan so rieng + L\rc can moi truang cang Ian (hay moi triwng cdng nhot) dao dpng tat dan cang nhanh + Dp nhot cua moi truong tang theo thu t\r: khong khi, nuac, dau, dau rat nhot T I V Dao d^ng tri: Dao dpng dupe cung cap nSng lupng de bu l^i phan nSng lupng mat di ma sat ma khong lam thay d6i chu ki rieng cua no gpi la dao dpng tri * Dao dpng tri eo ngo^i l^rc tac dyng, ngo^i l^rc dupe dieu khiSn + de C O t i n so goe bSng tan so goc dao dpng t\ cua h? + boi chinh dao dpng ky qua mpt ca cau nao * Tan so va bien dp dao dpng tri v i n bSng nhu h$ dao dpng t\ V Dao d^ng cir&ng birc: la dao dpng dupe tri tac dyng cua mpt ngo^ii l^rc bien doi dieu hoa: F = FoCosQt + Dao dpng cu&ng buc la dao dpng dieu hoa + Tan so dao dpng eixong buc bSng tan so ngo^i Ivrc + Bien dp dao dpng cuong buc ti I9 vai bien dp Fo cua ngo^i lyre va phy thupc tan so cuong buc D cua ngoai l\rc ( AQQ e | Q - CO| ) VI S y C9ng hirong: + Hi?n tupng bien dp dao dpng cu&ng buc tang nhanh den mpt gia trj eye d^i tan so f cua lyc cir&ng buc bang tan so rieng cua v^t dao d9ng gpi la hi$n tupng cpng huong + Bien dp dao dpng d^t den gia trj khong doi va eye toe dp tieu hao nSng lupng ma sat bSng toe dp cung cap nSng lupng cho h^ + Bien dp eye d^i ciia dao dpng cpng huong phy thupc ma sat moi truong: ma sat giam thi gia trj eye d^i bien dp ting * Phan bi?t dao dpng cv&ng birc vol dao d9ng tri: + Dao dpng cu&ng buc la dao dpng xay dudi tac dyng ciia ngo^i lyc tuan hoan C O tan s6 goc Q bat ki Khi on djnh dao dpng cuong buc c6 tan so biing tan so ngo^i lyc + Dao dpng tri cung xay dudi tac dyng ngo^i lyc nhung ngo^i lyc dupe dieu khien (boi ehinh dao dpng ay) de c6 tan so goc bang tan so goc ciia dao dpng ty ciia h? VII Tong h(fp dao d^ng: * Xet hai dao dpng dieu hoa cung phuong, cung ikn so: X ] = Aicos(cot + cpi); X2 = A2cos(cot + 92) Tong hpp hai dao dpng dieu hoa cung phuong, cung t i n so la mpt dao dpng dieu hoa cung phucmg, cung tan so voi hai dao dpng phan + Bien dp hai dao dpng tong hpp: A = ^Aj + Aj + Pha ban dau hai dao dpng tong hpp la 9, voi: t a i K p ^ Aisincpi + A^sincp; AiCOSCpi + A2C0S(P2 +2AiA2COs(92 + Neu hai dao dOng phan cung pha: 92 - (Pi = 2kn => A = A , + A2 ; (() = (pi = 92 + Neu hai dao dgng phan ngirgrc pha: 92 - (Pi = (2k + )7t A = Noi chung : A | - A2 ; cp = (pi neu Ai > Aj A, - A < A < A , + A SONG c a I Song ca: + Song CO hpc la nhCrng dao dpng co Ian truyen mOt moi truong + Song CO du(?c t ^ nha lyc lien ket dan hoi giira cac phan tir ciia moi tmong truyen dao dpng di Cac phan tir cang a xa tam dao dpng cang tre pha hon + Khi song truyen chi c6 trang thai dao dpng (pha dao dgng) truyen di ban than cac phan tOr vat chat chi dao dpng t^i cho * Song ngang: + Co phuong dao dpng vuong goc vai phuong truyen song + Truyen moi truong c6 l^rc dan hoi xuat hi?n bj bien dang l?ch (Vd: Song truyen tren mat nuac, spi day dan hoi, tam kim lo^i mong ) + Song tren m§t chat long la hpp lyc c5ng mat ngoai va trpng lyc c6 tac dyng giong nhu lyc dan hoi * Song d9c: + Co phuong dao dpng trung vai phuong truyen song + Truyen moi truong c6 lyc dan hoi xuat hi^n bj bien dang nen, dan (Vd: Song truyen tren 16 xo 16 xo nen va dan ) II Cac dai lirQiig dac trirng ciia song : * Chu ky, tan so ciia song: la chu ky, tan so dao dpng chung ciia cac phan tii v^t chat CO song truyen qua va bang chu ky, tan so ciia nguon song =:> Chu ki va tan so khong doi song truyen * Toe d9 truyen song: la toe dp truyen pha dao dpng Trongrnqtmoi tru&ng toe dQ truyen song khong doi) * Buoc song X: Buac song la khoang each giua hai diem gan nhat tren Cling mpt phuang truyen song va dao dpng ciing pha voi Buoc song cung la quang duong ma song truyen dupe mpt chu ky song X = vT = ^ f * Bien d9 song: Bien dp song t^ii mpt diem la bien dp dao dpng cua phan t i i vat chat tai diem c6 song truyen qua * Nang liTQTig cua song: Qua trinh truyen song la qua trinh truyen nang lugng Nang lugng song tai moi diem t i I9 v a i binh phuomg bien dp song tai diem M p t phan tir v$t chat dang dumg yen c6 song truyen den se dao dpng, nghia la phan tur da nh$n dupe nang lugng tir song Vay qua trinh truyen song cung la qua trinh truyen nang lupng I I I PhiroTig t r i n h song : Xet song truyen tir nguon O den diem M each O mpt doan O M = x Gia sOr phuorng trinh dao dpng t ^ i nguon O la : UQ = Acoscot Song truyen tir O den M mat thai gian to = — Phuong trinh dao dpng tai M each O doan d la: Uyj = UMCO = Uo(t - to) Acos(©t-^) hay U M = A c o s c o t - Y ' ' ) (*) ( • ) cho ta xac djnh l i dp ciia phan tur song t ^ i diem M bat k i tren ducmg truyen song, gpi la la phuong trinh song * Neu song truyen nguQc chieu vai chieu dircmg true Ox thi phmxng trinh song CO dgng: = A c o s ( — t + — x) Tir (*) ta thay song c6 hai tinh chat: + Tinh tuan hoan theo thoi gian: K h i xet mpt diem P tren song c6 toa dp x = d Ta thay l i dp u cua P bien thien theo ham cos => chuyen dpng cua diem P la mpt dao dpng tuan hoan vai chu k i T = — (0 + Tinh tuan hoan theo khong gian: K h i xet tat ca cac diem tren song vao thai diem to, (*) " M = Acos( Y to - Y x) Ta thay l i dp u cua cac diem tren song bien thien tuan hoan theo l i dp x => hinh dang song (hinh sin) tai thai diem to : cu sau mpt buac song thi song lai C O hinh dang nhu truac D^c bift: + NhiJng diem tren phuong truyen song dao dgng cung pha v a i nguon k h i — x = 2k7i=> x = kX v a i Ikl =0,1,2, + N h u n g diem tren phuang truyen song dao dpng ngugc pha v a i nguon — x = ( k + 1)71=^ x = (k + - ) X A I V P h a n x a song: Song dang truyen mpt moi truong ma g^p v§t can thi bj phan x^ Song phan X c6 ciing tan so va buac song ciia song t a i Neu v^t can tyr thi song phan x? luon luon ciing pha v a i song t a i a d i l m phan x^ + Neu v$t can c6 djnh thi song phan x^ luon luon ngugc pha v a i song tai a diem phan x^ + V Song d i r n g : Song dCmg la song c6 nhCrng diem dung yen (nut song) va nhOng diem dao dgng v a i bien dp c^rc d^i (byng song) khong gian Dac d i l m : V j tri cac nut va cac byng la c6 djnh + Song diing la svr giao thoa giua song t a i va song phan x^ tren cdng phuang + V j t r i cac byng luon each dau c6 djnh nhung khoang bSng mpt so le l4n mpt phan t u buac song - V j t r i cac nut luon each d i u c6 djnh nhirng khoang bSng mpt so nguyen Ian nua buac song - 3l + Khoang each giua hai nut (ho$c hai byng) ke dfiu bSng — Dieu kif n c6 song dirng: - K h i hai dau day c6 djnh: De c6 song dung, chieu dai spi day b^ng so nguyen \kn nua buac song ^ = k | (vai k = 1,2, ; => tren day c6 so byng bang so bo bang k, so nut lak+ - K h i mpt dau day t y va mpt dau day c6 djnh: De c6 song dung, chieu dai spi day bang so nguyen le Ian mpt phan t u buac song l = m— (vai m = 1, 3, ) => tren day c6 so bung bang so nut bangn = ~~~ -^on so bo Ian -1 ifng dyng cua song dirng: Do v$n toe truyen song VI Giao thoa song: * Hai nguon dao dpng cung tin s6 va c6 dp i?ch pha khong doi gpi la hai ngu6n ket hgrp Song ma chiing t^o dugc gpi la song ket hgrp * Giao thoa la s\c t6ng hgp cua hai song ket hgrp khong gian, c6 nhixng cho c6 djnh ma bien dp song dugc tang cucmg ho^c bj giam bat * Dieu kif n c6 giao thoa: Hai song la hai song ket hgrp va dao dpng cung phuong * Ly thuyet ve giao thoa: Gia sir A va B la hai ngu6n ket hgrp c6 cung phuorng trinh dao dpng la: U A = U B = Acoscot Xet diSm M bat ky moi truong each A mpt doan di va each B mpt doan d2 Phuorng trinh dao dpng t^i M song tCr A den: ui = Acos(cot - ) Phuorng trinh dao dpng t^i M song tir B den: U = Acos(cot - ) K Dao dpng t^i M la tong hpp cua hai dao dpng tren 2nd,, , , - ) + Acos(cot u = u, + U2 = Acos(cot o 7t(d2-d,) u = 2Acos—^^^^ *^cos c o t - 7t(d2 2nd,, -) +d,) V$y dao dpng t^i M la dao dpng dieu hoa voi bien dp : A ^2 A cosTa thay A phy thupc vj tri cua diem M Nhir vay: * T^ii M CO bien dp c\rc d^i - 2A (hai dao dpng phdn ciingpha : = 2kK) : cos t ( d - d i ) = o Vay: Tai nhirng diem M c6 hi^u dircmg di b§ng so nguyen Ian birffc song thi bien dao d9ng tong h9rp c^c dai va hpp mpt hp cac duong hyperbol nh?in A va B lam tieu diem (ke ca duong trung tr\rc cua AB) dj - d, = kA, voi k = 0, ±1, ±2, k = l k =0 k = -l k = -2 k =2 k'=-2 k-=o k'=-l MATH-EDUCARE Cau 11: Chpn cau phat bieu sai noi ve song am A Am cac nh^c cy phat c6 tan so ciia am ca ban B Nh^c am la nhCrng am c6 tan so xac djnh C Am nghe dupe c6 tan so tir 16 Hz den 20 kHz D Nguong nghe hau nhu khong phy thupc vao tan so Cau 12: Chpn cau sai noi ve may bien ap A May bien ap a che dp khong tai (hai dau cupn thur cap de ha) thi no hau nhu khong tieu thy di^n nSng B Trong kT thu^t han di^n, nguai ta su dyng may bien ap c6 so vong cupn so cap Ion han so vong cupn thur cap C Tir thong qua hai cupn so cap va thu cap la nhu D May tSng ap se lam giam cuong dp dong di^n Cau 13: Chpn phat bieu dung: A Cong suat hao phi tren duang day tai dif n ti 1? vai cong suat can truyen tai B Chi do^n m^ch di?n xoay chieu c6 di^n tra R thi dong di^n mai cung tan so vai di?n ap hai dau do^m m^ch C Khi CO cpng huang do^n m^ich di^n xoay chieu RLC mic noi tiep thi di?n ap giua hai dau do^n m^ch dat gia trj eye d^i D Trong may phat di?n xoay chieu ba pha luon c6 roto la phan cam, stato la phan irng Cau 14: D^t mpt difn ap xoay chieu u = 200 V2 coslOOnt ( V ) vao hai dau do^n m^ich gom bien tra, cupn cam thuan va ty di^n mac noi tiep Thay doi bien tra den cac gia trj Ri = 75 Q va R2 = 125 Q thi cong suat P cua dong di^n m^ich AB CO gia trj nhu la A.400W B.200W Cau 15: Mpt do^n m^ich di?n xoay chieu nhu hinh vg Khi k dong, dong difn qua m^ch ch$m pha han di^n ap hai C lOOW D 50 W R dau m^ch la — Khi k ma, dong di?n B qua m^ch ch|m pha han di^n ap hai dau m^ch la — Biet X chi chua mpt ba phan tu: di?n tra thuan R, cupn day thuan cam L, ty di?n C X la A R B L C C D Khong the ket lu^n dupe Cau 16: Mpt do^n m^ch gom di?n tra thuan R = 100 Q, ty di^n C , cupn cam thuan L mic noi tiep D$t vao hai dau m^ch mpt di^n ap xoay chieu c6 tan so 50 Hz 6n djnh thi UR = U L = Uc va m^ch tieu thy cong suat 200 W Thay ty C bang ty C thi cong suat tieu thy ciia mgch bSng 50 W Gia trj C hkng bao nhieu? A 11,65 ^iF B.31,8HF C 22,5 )aF D 15,9^F www.matheducare.com 31S www.matheducare.com Cau 17: Mpt bong den day toe dugrc mSc vao m^ng difn khong doi U = 220 V thi thay den sang binh thuong Khi mSc vao m^ng di$n xoay chieu c6 d i | n ap c\rc d^ii Uo thi den cung sang binh thuong Uo c6 gia trj la A I I O V V B.220V2V C l l O V D.220V Cau 18: Dpng co khong ddng bp pha c6 A toe dp quay cua roto c6 the ion hon toe dp quay cua tir tnrong B chieu quay cua roto khong thay doi dupe C nguyen tac ho^t dpng d\ra tren hif n tupng t\ cam D cong suat tieu thy bang tong cong suat tieu thy a cupn day Cau 19: M^ch di^n xoay chieu RLC (R ^ 0) mic noi tiep c o c o L — J - = R Neu coC giam tan so dong difn va giu cac thong so khac khong doi thi hf so cong suSt ciia m^ch A tang roi giam B luon khong doi C luon giam D luon tang Cau 20: Mpt do?in m?ich difn xoay chieu RLC noi tiep (cupn day thuan cam) D^t vao hai dau m^ch mpt di^n ap xoay chieu u = 100 V2 cos(1007tt ~ ) CV)- Biet R = 50 Q , ZL - Zc = -j^, bieu thuc cua dong di?n qua m^ich la A i = V3cos(1007rt+ y ) A B i = V6cos(1007rt+ y ) A C i = N/^cos(1007rt+ - ) A D i = N/6 cos(1007rt + - ) A 6 Cau 21: Phat bieu nao sau day la diing? A Song difn tu c6 the la song ngang ho^c song dpc B Song di^n tu chi Ian truyen moi truong v^it chat C V?in toe song di^n tu bang 3.10* m/s, khong phy thupc vao moi truong D Song di^n tu luon la song ngang va Ian truyen dupe ca chan khong Cau 22: M^ch dao dpng difn tir gom cupn day thuin cam L = 50 mH va ty di?n C = 50->iF Biet gia trj eye d^i cua di^n ap giOa hai dau ty difn la 12 V T^i thai diem di?n ap gifta hai dau cupn day bang V thi nang lupng di?n truong va nang lupng tir truong Ian lupt la A 2.10"^ J va 1,6.10^ J B 1,6.10-^ J va 2.10"* J C 2,5.10-' J va 1,1.lO-" J D 0,6.10-' J va 3.10-" J Cau 23: Chpn phat bieu dung: A NhiJng song di^n tu c6 tan so lom hon 30 MHz c6 the xuyen qua tang difn li cua quyen B Khi song dif n tu truyen di no mang theo cac phan tu v$t chat cua moi truong C Song dif n tir c6 cung ban chat voi song ca hpc D Cuong dp difn truong xoay cang yeu toe dp bien thien cua tir truong cang nhanh MATH-EDUCARE 316 MATH-EDUCARE Cau 24: M?ich song LC ciia radio c6 L = 0,1 H De bit dugrc song cua dai phat TPHCM (tan so 99,9 MHz) thi phai dieu chinh ty C c6 gia trj bSng bao nhieu? A 50,35 B.31,8^F C 15,9 nF D 63,6 ^iF Cau 25: Chpn phat bieu sai: A M6i anh sang dorn sic c6 mpt buac song chan Idiong xac djnh B Anh sang m^t trai la hon hgrp cua v6 so anh sang dan sic bien thien lien tyc C Cac anh sang c6 buac song tu 0,2 den 1,2 mai gay cam giac sang a mat D De xay hifn tugrng giao thoa anh sang thi hai song anh sang phai dugrc phat tu hai nguon ket hgp Cau 26: Trong th\rc te, de sSy kho suai am nguai ta dung buc x^ c6-buac song, khoang A 0,76 ^m den vai mm B 0,38 fxm den vai nm C 10"* m den lO"" m D nho hon lO"*" m Cau 27: Chpn phat hiku sai: A Cac tr^ng thai diJmg cua nguyen tu ung vai qui d^o c6 ban kinh hoan toan xac dinh B Thai gian song cua cac nguyen tu cac tr^g thai kich thich c6 the keo dai den vai chyc giay C Buac song anh sang kich thich nho hon bu6c song anh sang phat quang D Hif n tugfng Ian quang thuang xay vai chat r5n Cau 28: De buac song cua anh sang, nguai ta tien hanh thi nghif m giao thoa anh sang vai khe Young Chieu sang hai khe bang nguon laze c6 buac song X Biet khoang each giOa hai khe la 0,5 mm, khoang each tu hai khe den man la m va tren man quan sat, khoang each giua van sang lien tiep dupe la mm Buac song X bSng A 0,5 urn B 0,75^m C 0,6 nm D 0,4 ^im Cau 29: Nguai ta d$t gitta anot va catot cua ong Cu - lit - gia mpt hi?u dif n the Ui thi buac song ngSn nhat ciia tia X phat la 0,2 |jjn Neu d^t vao giiia anot va catot mpt hi?u di^n the U: = 2Ui thi buac song ngin nhat cua tia X phat bSng bao nhieu? A 0,2 ^m B 0,1 nm C 0,05 ^m ^ D 0,75 ^im Cau 30: Phat bieu nao sau day khong thupc npi dung cua thuyet lupng tu anh sang (thuyet photon)? A Anh sang dupe t^o bai cac h^t gpi la photon B Vai anh sang c6 tan s6 f thi m6i photon mang nSng lupng bing hf C Trong chan khong, photon bay vdi toe dp c = 3.10* m/s D Electron sS b$t khoi kim lo^i neu dupe chieu sang thich hpp www.matheducare.com 317 www.matheducare.com Cau 31: Chi^u vao tam kim loai m9t buc thi xay hi^n tugng quang difn Khi giam buac song va tang cuong dp chum buc x^ thi A v^n toe c\rc d^i ciia electron quang di?n giam B so electron quang di^n b$t khoi catot mpt giay tSng C so electron quang di^n b^t khoi catot mpt giay giam D v^n toe cvre d^ii cua elecron quang di?n khong doi Cau 32: Nguyen tac ho^t dpng cua laze la dvra vao hi^n tugng A quang di?n B quang di^n ngoai C phat X? ty phat D phat x^ cam ung Cau 33: Kich thich dam nguyen tiJr hidro tijr tr^ng thai ca ban bang vife cho hap thy photon CO nSng lugng thich hgp Biet so v^ch phat la Ban kTnh quT d^o ung vai trying thai kich thich bSng A 5,3.10-" m B 4,77.10-'°m C 1,59 10"'° m D 8,48 10'° m Cau 34: Chpn phat bieu sai: A H^t nhan nguyen tu dugc cau t^io tu cac nuelon B Khoi lugng nguyen tir t^p trung gan nhu toan bg a h^t nhan C Kich thuae h^t nhan ti 1? vai binh phuong so khoi D Dong vj la nhirng h^t nhan ciing so proton khac so natron Cau 35: Mgt phan ung h^t nhan toa nSng lugng X] + ^2 Y+n Biet nSng lugng lien ket cua cac h^t nhan X i , X2 va Y Ian lugt la a, b va c NSng lirgng toa cua phan ung la A a + b + e B a + b - c C.c-b-a D a + c - b Cau 36: Dong vj ^ C o la chat phong x? vai chu ky ban T = 5,33 n5m, ban dau mgt lugng Co c6 khoi lugng nio Sau mgt nam lugng Co tren bj phan r5 bao nhieu phan tram ? A 12,2% B 87,8% C 30,2% Cau 37: Trong qua trinh bien doi h^t nhan, h^t nhan D 42,7% chuyen h^it nhan MATH-EDUCARE ^92 U sau da phong mgt h^t a va hai A proton B natron C electron D pozitron Cau 38: Tim phat bieu sai So vai phan ung phan h^ch thi phan ung nhift h^ch A toa nang lugng Ion han (neu tinh tren mgt dan vj khoi lugng nguyen lifu) B CO nguon nhien lif u rat nhieu tren Trai Dat C de kiem soat hon phan ung phan h^ch vi khong c6 phan ung day chuyen D khong gay nhiem moi truang nhu phan ung phan h^ich Cau 39: Tuang tac di^n tir A la tuang tac giila cac h^t mang di^n va khong c6 khoi lugng B CO cuong dg l\rc tuang tac rat Ion so vai tuang tac hap dan C luon xay doi vai cac h^t sa cap D chi xay cac h^t a h^t nhan nguyen tij 318 MATH-EDUCARE Cau 40: D phong xa ban dau ciia nguon phong xa chua No hat la HQ Khi dp phong x^ giam xuong 0,25%Ho thi so h^it nhan da bj phong x? la 4 II Phan rieng A Danh cho thi sinh h(fc chvong trinh chuan (tu* cau 41 den cau 50) Cau 41: Khi noi ve dao dpng di^u hoa cua mpt v$t, khSng djnh nao sau day la sai? A L\rc hoi phyc luon trai dau voi li dp B Chu ki la khoang thai gian giu-a hai Ian lien tiep li dp va v^n toe l$p l^ii gia trj nhu cu C The nang va ii dp cua v$t bien thien ciing tan so * D Trong mpt chu ki v$t di dupe quang duong bang Ian bien dp Cau 42: Chpn y sai Mpt vgt dao dpng dieu hoa vai phuong trinh x = Aeos(©t + (p ), d?ii lupng A CO gpi la tan so goc ciia dao dpng B A gpi la bien dp dao dpng C (p phy thupe vao cac kich thich ban dau D A khong phy thupe kich thich ban dAu Cau 43: Mpt nhung d$c trung sinh li ciia am la A tan so B am sic C muc cuong dp D cuong dp Cau 44: Cho m^ch di?n xoay chieu L nhu hinh ve Biet eupn day c6 di?n R nooooor\ tra khong dang ke Khi khoa k A—CD—' dong dong di^n qua m^eh ch^m pha han di?n ap hai dau m^ch la OOOOuO^ C ^ B — Khi khoa k ma dong di^n qua m^ch nhanh pha han di^n ap hai dau m^ch la — Moi lien h? giua cam khang ZL va dung khang Zc ciia m^ch la A Z L = ( V + l)Zc B Z L = 2ZC C-Zi=-^ D.ZL-(V3-1)ZC Cau 45: Chpn y sai Thuyet lupng tu anh sang c6 the giai thich dupe hi?n tupng A quang di?n B quang dif n ngoai C quang - phat quang D nhilu x? anh sang Cau 46: D$t mpt difn ap xoay chieu, c6 gia trj hi?u dyng 220 V vao hai dau d o ^ m^ch m3c noi tiep gom di^n tra thuan 50 Q, eupn cam thuan va ty difn c6 difn dung thay doi dupe Dieu chinh ty C de difn ap hifu dyng giiJa hai dau eupn cam thuan d^t eye d^i Khi do, cong suat tieu thy cua m^eh b3ng bao nhieu? A 968 W B 1000 W C 500 W D 200 W www.matheducare.com 319 www.matheducare.com Cau 47: Chpn phat bieu dung: A MJt Trcri dugrc cau t^io gom hai phan la s5c cau va nh§t hoa B HSng so M$t Troi la nSng lugmg cua no truyen vuong goc tai mpt dom vj di?n tich each no mpt ion vj thien vSn C Cac hanh tinh quay quanh M§t Trai theo cung mpt chieu D M$t Troi dugrc cau t^o gom hai phan la quang cau va quang quyen Cau 48: Xet lie don treo tren mpt thang may Chu ki lie tSng len thang may chuyen dpng A deu len tren B nhanh dan deu len tren vai gia toe a < g C rod t\ D ch$m dan deu deu len tren vai gia toe | a I < g Cau 49: Trong s\ phat quang, thai gian phat quang A la khoang thcri gian tir luc ngung kich thich den luc ngung phat quang B la khoang thai gian tir liic hit dau kich thich den liic ngimg phat quang C la khoang thai gian tCr liic bat dau kich thich den liic ngimg kich thich D luon giong doi vai mpi chat phat quang Cau 50: Mpt chat phong ban dau c6 No nguyen tu Sau ba chu ki ban rS, so h^it nhan l^ii la A.N=^ B N = ^ C.N=^ D.N = 3No B Danh cho thi sinh h9c chmnig trinh nang cao (tur cau 51 den cau 60): Cau 51: Mpt chat diem chuyen dpng tren duong tron c6 ban kinh 30 cm, gia toe goc la 1,5 rad/s^ va chju tac d\ing cua momen l\rc 0,018 Nm Khoi lugmg v^t bang A 133g B.200g C.40g D lOOg Cau 52:-DTa cua mgt xe d^p c6 ban kinh gap hai Ian ban kinh cua lip Ban kinh banh xe la 31,85 cm Mgt nguai di xe v6i toe dg m/s thi phai d^p xe vol toe dg quay A 150 vdng/phiit B 300 vong/phut C 75 v6ng/phut D 50 vong/phiit Cau 53: Ggi lo la cucmg dg chum anh sang t6i moi tnrang;a la h§ so hap thy cua moi truomg; d la dg dai cua duong di tia sdng Cucmg dg I cua chiim anh sang dom sic truyen qua moi truong hap thy MATH-EDUCARE A I = Ioe'ad -iod B I = Ioe^ C I = Ioe -ad D I = I(,ae 320 MATH-EDUCARE Cau 54: Cho m^ch di?n xoay chieu RLC noi tiep: Biet L = - H ; C = ^'^^ F Difn ap xoay chieu hai dau m^ch u = U^cos(2nft—^) Thay doi tan so f, di^n ap giiia hai ban ty di?n l^ch pha ^ so vai u thi f c6 gia trj bang A 60 Hz B 72Hz C 50 Hz D 120 Hz Cau 55: Tieng coi c6 tan so 2500 Hz phat tir mpt dau tau xe lua dang chuyen dpng xa nguai quan sat vai toe dp 36 km/h, toe dp am truyen khong la 340 m/s Liie tai nguai quan sat nghe dupe am c6 tan so A 2428,6 Hz B 2345,8 Hz C 2456,8 Hz D 2312,9 Hz Cau 56: Dp phong x^ cua ^^C mpt tupng go bang 0,65 Ian dp phong x^ cua g'^C mpt khuc go ciing lo^i cung khoi lupng vua mai ch^t Chu ki ban ciia 6*C la 5700 nam Tuoi cua tupng go la A 3521 nam B 4352 nam C 3542 nam D 3452 nam Cau 57: H^it sa cap ben la A proton B omega C cac mezon D cac hadron Cau 58: Mau sac cua v^t A ehi phy thupc mau sac cua anh sang chieu vao no B chi phy thupc v$t lif u cau t^o v^t C khong phy thupc mau sac cua anh sang chieu vao no D phy thupc v^t li^u cau t^o v$t va mau sac cua anh sang chieu vao no Cau 59: Mpt nguai quan sat mpt ehiee phao tren m^t bien thay no nho len cao 10 Ian 18 s, va thay khoang each hai ngpn song ke la m Toe dp truyen song bien la A m/s B m/s C m/s D m/s Cau 60: Do^n m^ieh difn xoay chieu gom ^ ^ eupn day CO di^n tror ho^t dpng Ro = 50 ^ B WUVVUU w Q, dp ty cam L = — H va ty di^n -'UMMIT^ 271 mac noi tiep Dong di?n qua m^ich c6 tan so 50 Hz Biet di^n ap giua hai dau cupn day vuong pha vai di^n ap giiia hai dau m^eh Dif n dung eua ty c6 gia trj bang bao nhieu? n In % Hir6NG DAN G I A I 2n Caul:B Dya vao thj ta c6: Gia toe eye la a^ax = m/s^; bien dp dao dpng A = 0,05 m TCrcongthuc a^x = w^A :::>(o = 10rad/s www.matheducare.com 321 www.matheducare.com Cau 2: C Cau3:A Dp dan ciia 16 xo h^ v$t M va m a vj tri can bSng la A L = ^ ^ i ± ^ = 0,06 m k Khi cat day noi giua v|t m va M thi v^t M dao dpng dieu h6a vai: Me 0,4.10 + Bien dp la A = AL - —^ = 0,06 = 0,02 m + Chu ki la T = 27t M k= 0,4 s 100 Khi do, v$t m se rai ty tu dp cao h => thai gian v^t m ch^m dat la t== 2h = s U =:> So chu ki ma v^t M th\rc hi?n dupe m ch^m dat la n = At — = 2,5 T => Quang duong v$t M di dupe la As = lOA = 0,2 m = 20 cm Cau 4: C Khi toe dp cua v$t d?it c\rc d^i thi l\rc dan hoi bang => v^t qua vj tri can b5ng 16 xo khong bien d ^ g => lie khong the dao dpng theo phuong thSng dung, cau 5: B Khi l\rc hoi phyc bang thi v$t qua vj tri can blng => chieu dai cua 16 xo a vj tri can bang la Ice = 25 cm Khi Ivrc dan hoi bang thi 16 xo c6 chilu dai t\ nhien lo = 20 cm => dp bien d ^ g cua 16 xo a vj tri can bang la Al = cm : ^ c o ^ = A = _10_=200 Al 0,05 Cau 6: D Bien dp cua hai dao dpng Ai = A2 = — MATH-EDUCARE CO Ma hai dao dpng vuong pha =>Bien dp tong hpp tong hpp la A = A,V2=-^/2 CO Cfiu 7: C Binh phuomg tan so g6c cua dao dpng Ik co^ = j = 12,5 mco^S'^ Tu cong thijc tinh nang lupng dao dpng cua lac la E = —^—^ So = 1,6 cm Cau 8: D 322 MATH-EDUCARE Cau 9: D Theo phuong trinh truyen song => 0,47tx = 2n\ oX = 5m Tan so cua song la f = 3,5 Hz => toe dp truyen song v = Cau 10: A Buac song X, = vT = cm Theo de bai ta c6 M A = 27 cm va M B = 23 cm = : > M A - M B = 4cm = 2? M thuQC eve d^i b^c Cau 11: D Cau 12: C Tir thong qua hai cupn day ti 1? vai so vong cua no Cau 13: D Cau 14: B Theo de bai ta c6: (ZL - Zcf = R1.R2 cong suat tieu thy cua m?ich la Pi = P2 = Ril^ = 17,5 m/s = Ri Rf+(ZL-Zcr = 200 W R1+R2 Cau 15: C Khi k dong m^ch gom R va C noi tiep Khi k mo m^ch gom R, X va C noi tiep Vi dp l|ch pha cua u va i tSng len => X la ty dif n C Cau 16: A Ban dau, U L = Uc nen m?ich xay hi?n tugng cpng huong => cong suat tieu thy cua m^ch eye d^i la Pmax ^ -zr 200 W (1) R Khi thay ty C bSng ty C thi cong suat tieu thy cua m^ch la P= R cos\ 500 W (2) T i r ( l ) v a ( ) = > cos^9 = 1/4 ^ R^ R2+(ZL-Z'C) M$t khac, ta CO U L = UR => ZL = R = 100 Q (•*) (*) va (**)=> Zc « 273 Q C= = 11,65 ^F CoZr www.matheducare.com 323 www.matheducare.com Caul7:B Cau 20: B Cau 18: D Cau 19: A Tong tracuam^ch l a Z = ^JvJT(Z^~-Z^ = ^ Q cuong dp dong di?n c\rc d^i la lo = — = yJZ A tan9 = ——— R = ^ = > ( p = - z : > u nhanh pha hon i la — N/3 ^ => bieu thuc cua dong d i | n la i = V6 cos(1007rt + ^ )A Cau 21: D Cau 22: B Theo de bai, di^n ap giua hai ban t\ la u = V = —UQ => nSng lugrng di$n truong la W d = ^ W = ^ ^ C U o = 1,6.10"^J => nSng lugmg tir truong Wt = W Cau 23: A Cau 24: A = 2.10"^ J Tan so song ma m^ch thu dugrc la f = 271 V L C di$n dyng cua ty la C = = 50,35 Cau 25: C Cau 26: A De say kho, suai am nguai ta diing tia h6ng ngo^i Cau 27: B Cau 28: A Khoang each giua van sang lien tiep la 2i = mm (vai i la khoangt van) => i = mm MATH-EDUCARE Ap dyng cong thue i = — a =:>X = — = 0,5 |im D Cau 29: B Tac6:e.U, = - i l i - va hir^ = ^ ,.U,=-^=> '^Imin ^2min ^Imin *-'2 = L=^x,^^ = 0,l ^ Cau 30: D Cau 31: B Cau 32: D Cau 33: B Do so v^ich phat la nen nguyen tu a muc nSng lugrng thu (n = 3) Theo cong thuc: r = ro.n^ = 4,47.10''" m Cau 34: C Cau 35: C 324 MATH-EDUCARE Cau 36: A Kh6i lugrng Co bj phan sau mpt nSm la Am = mo( 2" Vaik=l= T ' 5,33 :=> Am = 0,122mo Cau 37: C khoi lirgrng Co bj phan rS 12,2% 92^U->^i^U+^a + 2^X Ap dyng djnh lu|lt bao toan so khoi va bao toan di^n tich ta dugrc 238 = 234 + + 2A 92 = 92 + + 2Z =>A = OvaZ = - l =>X: °,e Cau 38: C Cau 39: B Cau 40: B Ta CO Ho = XNo; H = XN ( N : so h^t nhan l?ii) H N = 4=>N = So h^it nhan da bj phong _ 3No la AN = Cau 43: B Cau 41: C Cau 42: D Cau 44: A Khi k dong m^ch chi gom R noi tiep voi C =:>tan- = ^ o R = ^/3ZL(l) R Khi k ma m^ch gom R, L , C mac noi tiep ^tan(-^)= R O Z C - Z L = R(2) T i r ( l ) v a ( ) ^ Z c = (V3+l)Zi Cau 45: D Cau 46: A Dieu chinh C de UMB d^t eye d^i thi m^ch xay cpng huong di?n => cong suat tieu thy cua m^ch d^t eye d?ii la = — = 968 W R Cau 47: D Cau 48: D E)e chu ki tSng len thi gia toe hif u dyng g' < g Fqt ngugrc chieu voi P Cau 49: A www.matheducare.com 325 www.matheducare.com Cau 50: A TCr cong thuc tinh so h^t nhan l^i sau thdi gian t la N = ^ (vai k = —) 2" T => so h^t nhan l^i sau chu ki ban la Cau 51: A Tu cong thuc tinh momen Ivrc la M = ly =>I = — =0,012kgm^ Y Ma momen quan tinh cua chat diem la I = mr^ => m = 133 g Cau 52: Gpi V] va V2 Ian lugt la toe dp dai ciia diem tren mep dTa va lip coi va ©2 Ian lupt la toe dp goc cua dTa va lip Ri va R2 Ian lupt la ban kinh cua dia va lip Ta c6: vi = V2 o coiRi = CO2R2 o C02 = 2(0i Theo de bai, toe dp goc ciia banh xe la co= — - — = 15,7rad/s 0,3185 Ma toe dp goc ciia banh cung chinh la toe dp goc cua lip = > C02 = 15,7 rad/s => coi = 75 (vong/phut) Cau 53: C Cau 54: A MATH-EDUCARE Khi thay doi tan so f de di^n ap hai dau ty di?n l?ch pha so vol di^n ap.hai dau m^ich thi m^eh xay hi^n tupng cpng huong d i | n => 2nf= => f = 60 Hz VLC Cau 55: A Do nguon am chuyen dpng xa, nguai nghe dung yen nen ta c6 f = — = , Hz V + Vs 326 MATH-EDUCARE Cau56:C Gpi H la dp phong x^i cua 6*C tugmg g§ H = X,N Ho la dp phong x^i ciia ^^C khiic g6 vua mai ch^t => H© = XNQ Do hai mau g6 cung khoi luprng nen H = —^ 2" N/No = 0,65 =>2'' = o 2T = 0,65 0,65 •t = 3542 nam Cau : D Cau 57: A Cau : A Theo de bai, ta c6 9T = 18 => T = s (T: chu ki eua song) Khoang each giixa hai ngpn song ke la A, = m => toe dp truyen song v = X/T = m/s Cau 60: A Tir gian vecta, tam giac vuong t^o bai UAM, UMB.UAB ta c6 U^Q = UL(UMB - U L ) o Rj =ZL(ZC-ZL) » Z C - Z L = 50 oZc=ioon c= _I_ 121 COZr 7t www.matheducare.com 327 www.matheducare.com NHA X U A T BAN DAI HOC S U PHAM 136 Xuan Thuy - Cau Gidy - Ha Npi Di^n thogi: (04) 37547735 - Fax: (04) 37547911 I 21 Chiu trdch nhiftn xuat ban Gidm doc : Tong Men tQp : DINH N G Q C BAO DINH VAN VANG Chfu trdch nhi^m ngi dung vd ban quyen C N G T Y T N H H M T V DjCH V g V A N H O A K H A N G V I | T KHANG Ky thudt vi tinh : NGUYEN MAI DUNG Bien tdp tdi ban : hdnh: Tong phdt bia: Trinh bay THAI VIET CHAU C6ng ty TNHH MTV D|CH Vy VAN H6A K H A N G Vlf T £)/o chl: 2bisA Oinh Tien Hoang - P.Oakao - Q.l - TP.HCM 01:08 39111 564 - 08 39102 915 - 08 39105797 Fax: 08 39^10880 Email: khangvietbookstore@yahoo.conn.vn We: Jte: w\AW.nhasachkl-iangviet.vn MATH-EDUCARE LUy$N THI CAP T6C CAC QUdC GIA - M6N VAT Lf DANG BAI TAP IKS CAC DE THI ^•:a so : 02.02.33/66.PT2010 So lU^ng in 2000 bhn, kho 16x24 cm T-ii: Xadng in chi nh^nh NXB GIAO T H N G VAN TAI Dia chl: 92 Nam Ky Khdi NghTa, Quan 1, TP Ho Chi Minh So dang ki KHXB: 1036-2010/CXB/33-63/DHSP 22/10/2010 In xong va nOp IIAJ chieu thang 01 nam 2011 w MATH-EDUCARE d m •••••• -Nha sach CAO MINH 36 NguySn Thi Minh Khai Q l TP.HCM DT: 08.38227436 -Nha s a c h KHANG VIET 2bisA Dinh Ti^n H o d n g , P.Da kao, Q 1, TP.HCM DT: 08 39111564 - 39102915 - 39105797 - Fox: 08 39110880 Email: khangvietbookstore@yahoo.com.vn Website: w\AAA/.nhasachkhangviet.vn L U Y E N THI C A P T O G | C A C D A N G BAJ T A P Ttf C A C B £ T M QlKSC O U OkC l>«HG BJU T i p Ttr C A c THI a u c a t -Nha sdch MINH TRi 559 Di0n Bien Phu, TP.Dd Ndng DT: 0511.3723868 103Ly ThaiTd, Da Nang DT: 0511.3824452 L U Y E N THI C A P T O O I L U Y E N THI C A P T O C U T A P TU C A C o f THI QU6c GIA (TOT N G H I E P - T U Y E N SINH) TOAN HOC VATLY IIHOAHOC I CAC DANG BAt T A P TO CAC o£ THI Qu6c OA III! SINH HOC -:5:;:J:E-' U-i (xtfT NGHIEP - T u r i n sum) NG€r VAN HUOfNG DAN ON LtVCN GIAI TICH Hl/dfNG DAN ON LtVEN OAI s d HIidfNG D A N N L U V £ N Hl/OfNG DAN ON LUYEN HlNHHQCGliilTICH Ll/ONG G I A C www.nhasachkhangvie 935092 513416 t www.matheducare.com GIA: 59.000 [...]... so cap larri phat sinh mpt tir truong bien thien trong loi thep T u thong bien thien ciia tir truong do gay ra mpt suat di^n dpng cam ung xoay chieu trong cupn t h u cap va mpt dong d i f n cam ung xoay chieu o tai tieu thy S\ bien doi di^n ap va cirong d9 dong dif n : Gpi U i va U2 la di^n ap hi^u dyng 2 dau cupn so cap va t h u cap + N i va N2 la so vong day ciia cupn so cap va ciia cupn t h u cap. .. sang kich thich nho hon giai h^in quang di^n (X < ^o) VI * Djnh luat 2 : V a i anh sang kich thich c6 buac song thich hgp (X