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This newly revised edition is designed for students and others who have at least an elementary knowledge of spoken Japanese and want to acquaint themselves with the Japanese writing system. The most significant revisions are the addition of 196 characters, which were added to the Joyo kanji (GeneralUse Characters) list in November of 2010. The elimination of 5 seldomused characters now brings the total of GeneralUse characters to 2,136. The newly added characters reflect an information age where technology now allows characters to be more widely generated and consumed on screens. New characters reflect prefectural names and major cities and a concern with health and parts of the body.
A Guide to Reading and Writing JAPANESE FOURTH EDITION A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO THE JAPANESE WRITING SYSTEM First edition compiled by Florence Sakade Third edition revised by kenneth henshall, christopher seeley & henk de groot Fourth edition revised by janet ikeda T UT T L E Publishing Tokyo Rutland, Vermont Singapore FM_i-xii.indd i 7/5/13 10:12 AM The Tuttle Story: “Books to Span the East and West” Many people are surprised to learn that the world’s largest publisher of books on Asia had its humble beginnings in the tiny American state of Vermont The company’s founder, Charles E Tuttle, belonged to a New England family steeped in publishing Immediately after WW II, Tuttle served in Tokyo under General Douglas MacArthur and was tasked with reviving the Japanese publishing industry He later founded the Charles E Tuttle Publishing Company, which thrives today as one of the world’s leading independent publishers Though a westerner, Tuttle was hugely instrumental in bringing a knowledge of Japan and Asia to a world hungry for information about the East By the time of his death in 1993, Tuttle had published over 6,000 books on Asian culture, history and art—a legacy honored by the Japanese emperor with the “Order of the Sacred Treasure,” the highest tribute Japan can bestow upon a non-Japanese With a backlist of 1,500 titles, Tuttle Publishing is more active today than at any time in its past—inspired by Charles Tuttle’s core mission to publish ¿ne books to span the East and West and provide a greater understanding of each Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd Distributed by: Japan Tuttle Publishing Yaekari Building, 3rd Floor Fourth edition © 2013 Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd 5-4-12 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku Third edition © 2003 Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd Tokyo 141-0032, Japan Original edition © 1959 by Charles E Tuttle Co., Tel: (81) 5437-0171; Fax: (81) 5437-0755 Inc sales@tuttle.co.jp www.tuttle.co.jp All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by North America, Latin America & Europe any means, electronic or mechanical, including Tuttle Publishing photocopying, recording, or by any information 364 Innovation Drive storage and retrieval system, without prior written North Clarendon, VT 05759-9436, USA permission from the publisher Tel: (802) 773-8930; Fax: (802) 773-6993 info@tuttlepublishing.com ISBN: 978-1-4629-1482-1(ebook) www.tuttlepublishing.com www.tuttlepublishing.com 17 16 15 14 13 1307RP Printed in China TUTTLE PUBLISHING® is a registered trademark of Tuttle Publishing, a division of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd FM_i-xii.indd ii Asia Paci¿c Berkeley Books Pte Ltd 61 Tai Seng Ave, #02-12 Singapore 534167 Tel: (65) 6280-1330; Fax: (65) 6280-6290 inquiries@periplus.com.sg www.periplus.com 7/17/13 8:32 AM CONTENTS Introduction iv Aim iv This Book and the Modern Japanese Writing System iv 2.1 About the Characters Selected iv 2.2 How Characters Are Read in Japanese v 2.3 Writing Characters vi 2.4 Romanization ix 2.5 Kana Signs and Combinations ix Layout Details x Final Notes xi Select Bibliography of Main Works Consulted for This Edition xi Acknowledgments xii Section 1: The 1,006 Essential Characters 1–202 Grade One: Characters 1–80 1–17 Grade Two: Characters 81–240 17–49 Grade Three: Characters 241–440 49–89 Grade Four: Characters 441–640 89–129 Grade Five: Characters 641–825 129–166 Grade Six: Characters 826–1,006 166–202 Section 2: The 2,136 General-Use Characters 203–302 Radical Index 303-319 Index of Readings 320–340 Bonus: List of the 196 Newest Jǀyǀ Characters ONLINE at Tuttlepublishing.com FM_i-xii.indd iii 7/5/13 10:12 AM INTRODUCTION Aim This newly revised edition is designed for students and others who have at least an elementary knowledge of spoken Japanese and want to acquaint themselves with the Japanese writing system The most signi¿cant revisions are the addition of 196 characters, which were added to the Jǀyǀ kanji (General-Use Characters) list in November of 2010 The elimination of seldom-used characters now brings the total of General-Use characters to 2,136 The newly added characters reÀect an information age where technology now allows characters to be more widely generated and consumed on screens New characters reÀect prefectural names and major cities and a concern with health and parts of the body A¿cionados of Japanese cuisine and culture will see familiar characters for foods (mochi, donburi, men, senbei), plants and Japanese cultural artifacts and customs, in particular inclusion of auspicious characters for tsuru and kame Previous revisions to the Jǀyǀ kanji list had been made in 1981 and 1946 The highlights of this new edition are the following: • Radical index for all characters • Clearly marked characters found on the Kanji List of the AP Japanese Language and Culture Exam (marked with this symbol: ) • Clearly marked characters (marked by level, based on past practice , , etc.) used for the Japanese Language Pro¿ciency Test (JLPT) Although pro¿ciency in the Japanese language is not determined by knowing characters alone, this revised edition will provide an excellent study guide for students who wish to increase their reading ability All characters recommended for the high school National Japanese Exam (NJE) are included This Book and the Modern Japanese Writing System 2.1 About the Characters Selected While the Jǀyǀ kanji List (hereafter abbreviated to JK List) does not represent an exhaustive list of Chinese characters which the student will encounter in modern Japanese texts, in combination with the two syllabaries (hiragana and katakana) it does nevertheless provide a very sound iv FM_i-xii.indd iv 7/5/13 10:12 AM INTRODUCTION basis for reading and writing modern Japanese In Japanese schools, 1,006 of the more commonly used JK List characters are taught in the six years of elementary school, the balance of 1,130 characters being spread out over the intermediate and high school curriculum The JK List characters also form the basis of character usage in modern newspapers, though sometimes the Japan Newspaper Association chooses to deviate from the List in some ways For writing the names of their children, Japanese today can choose from a corpus of characters consisting of the JK List together with a supplementary list of characters for use in given names The ¿rst such name character list, approved in 1951, consisted of 92 characters, but was expanded considerably in 2004 The current Jinmeiyǀ Kanji list, which is determined by the Ministry of Justice, includes 861 characters We not list these here This book is divided into two main sections Section One presents the 1,006 characters designated by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) to be taught during the six years of elementary school—termed here “Essential Characters.” The choice of these characters is the result of extensive research and deliberation by the Ministry For these characters, the editors of this volume have endeavored to give illustrative character compounds that are in common use Section Two of this book sets out the 2,136 characters designated for general everyday use (including the 1,006 characters taught at elementary school) In 1946 the Japanese writing system underwent fairly radical reform in the direction of simpli¿cation, but the 1970s onwards saw some movement away from what some saw as an over-simpli¿cation, and the trend towards use of a bigger range of Chinese characters has been encouraged by the development and popularity from the mid-1980s of word-processors and computers that can handle conventional Japanese text Despite this trend, the major impact of the orthographic reforms of the late 1940s has meant that the Japanese writing system of today still remains much simpler than it was before 1946 2.2 How Characters Are Read in Japanese Typically, each Chinese character has two types of readings—on-yomi and kun-yomi The on-yomi (on reading, i.e., Sino-Japanese reading) is a reading originally based on the Chinese pronunciation associated v FM_i-xii.indd v 7/5/13 10:12 AM INTRODUCTION with each character, and reÀects the fact that the Chinese script was adopted from China the best part of 2,000 years ago, when the Japanese themselves did not have a writing system Contrasting with the on-yomi is the kun-yomi (kun reading, i.e., native Japanese reading) In some cases, a given Chinese character has several on readings, reÀecting different forms of underlying Chinese pronunciation A given character may also have more than one associated kun reading Context and the use or absence of accompanying kana (okurigana) are the pointers as to which reading is appropriate in a given case In this book, the majority of the readings set out in the JK List as it appeared in the Kanpǀ (Of¿cial Gazette) of October 1981 have been included, but some readings have been excluded, bearing in mind the aim of this book, because they are archaic, obsolescent, or not common (e.g., nagomu [to soften] for ሆ) Also excluded from among the formal readings listed in this book are the sort of common minor—or relatively minor—variations in character readings which are found only in certain environments in compounds For instance, the character ߔ has the on reading GAKU, which is truncated to GAK- in the compound ߔ৫ gakkǀ [school, college], the kun reading ame [rain] of ۫ changes to ama- as the ¿rst element in compounds such as ۫টamado [rainshutters], and the character ਗ Gƿ is read GAT- in the compound ਗ ๘ gatten [understanding, consent] It was considered best for readers of this book to learn such changes gradually as they progress In modern Japanese usage there are quite a number of characters which lack either an on reading or a kun reading For instance, nowadays the character ດ [sugar] is employed only for its on reading Tƿ, while the character པ [box] is used only for its kun reading hako 2.3 Writing Characters Firstly, the student should make every effort to practice so as to keep the characters of uniform size in relation to one another Thus, the 2-stroke character katana should be written within the equal-sized imaginary square or circle as the 15-stroke ሄ RON [argument, opinion], and by the same token the element should be written larger when used as an independent character (read GEN, GON, [speech, word]) than when used as a radical / component in a more complex character such as ሄ RON above Secondly, bear in mind that Chinese characters sometimes consist of just a few strokes, sometimes many, but the characters are always vi FM_i-xii.indd vi 7/12/13 9:14 AM INTRODUCTION written according to a set stroke order Listed below are some principles that will be of assistance with regard to priority in the order of strokes Top to bottom: Left to right: Other rules are: When two or more strokes cross, horizontal strokes usually precede perpendicular ones: vii FM_i-xii.indd vii 7/5/13 10:12 AM INTRODUCTION Sometimes perpendicular strokes precede horizontal ones: Center ¿rst, then left and right: Perpendicular line running through center written last: Right-to-left diagonal stroke precedes left-to-right: viii FM_i-xii.indd viii 7/5/13 10:12 AM INTRODUCTION While the above may all seem rather complicated, the student might ¿nd solace in the fact that, as noted above, the writing system has been simpli¿ed to a considerable extent compared with the past, and has been mastered by many thousands of students having neither native speaker competence in Japanese nor prior background knowledge of the Chinese script 2.4 Romanization There are several different systems of representing Japanese using the Roman alphabet This book employs a slightly modi¿ed form of the Hepburn system, this being a system which is widely used and which is based on conventions associated with the spelling of English The minor modi¿cation involves using the letter n rather than m to represent the syllabic nasal ɭ when the latter occurs immediately before the consonants m, b or p (thus, for instance, shinbun [newspaper], not shimbun, and kenpǀ [constitution], not kempǀ) Other points to note are: use of a macron to indicate vowel lengthening for o and u, e.g., gakkǀ [school], renshnj [practice]; use of a hyphen in cases where it is considered that this might facilitate understanding of boundaries between constituent elements in a Japanese word, e.g., sara-arai [dishwashing], rather than saraarai; and use of the apostrophe ’ instead of a hyphen after a syllabic nasal ɭ, such as tan’i [unit] (a word of three short syllables, which in kana would be written ȹɭȞ) as opposed to tani [valley] (a word of two short syllables, written ȹɅ! in kana) 2.5 Kana Signs and Combinations The two main sections of this book are followed by a section setting out individual symbols in the hiragana and katakana syllabaries, and illustrations of stroke order for each of those symbols Each of the two syllabaries evolved and became established over a period of many centuries, thereby becoming cemented as integral components in the modern writing system Katakana, which are more angular in appearance than hiragana, are today used ¿rst and foremost to represent loanwords of European origin, e.g., ʩˋ pan [bread] and ʫĜ˃ biiru [beer] Hiragana are used widely and variously elsewhere to represent such elements as ix FM_i-xii.indd ix 7/5/13 10:12 AM INDEX OF READINGS HAI ㍮ p 284b hai ⅊ 834 hairu ධ 28 haji, hajiru p 246b hajimaru, hajimeru ጞ 304 hajime, hajimete ึ 535 haka 809 hakaru, hakarau ィ 116 hakaru ᅗ 167 hakaru 㔞 630 hakaru 765 hakaru ㅎ p 294a hakaru ㅛ p 287b hako ⟽ 390 hakobu 㐠 251 HAKU ⓑ 53 HAKU ༤ 593 HAKU p 218a HAKU ᢿ p 229b HAKU Ἡ p 231b HAKU ㏕ p 232b HAKU ⯧ p 260a HAKU ⷧ p 293b HAKU p 244a haku ྤ p 214b haku ᤲ p 256a haku ᒚ p 286b hama p 248b HAN ༙ 214 HAN 393 HAN ᆏ 394 HAN ᯈ 395 HAN 㣤 594 HAN ≢ 789 HAN ุ 790 HAN ∧ 791 HAN ⌜ 970 HAN ᕹ p 215b HAN క p 218a HAN ␁ p 249a HAN ⯡ p 251a HAN ㈍ p 258a HAN ᦙ p 274b HAN ↹ p 276a HAN 㡺 p 275b HAN ⠊ p 289a HAN ⦾ p 293a HAN ⸬ p 298a HAN ỗ p 216b HAN 㜰 p 224b HAN ỏ p 212a HAN ᩬ p 266a hana ⰼ 70 hana 㰯 399 hanahada, hanahadashii ⏒ p 239b hanareru ᨺ 414 hanareru, hanasu 㞳 p 291a hanashi, hanasu ヰ 240 hanasu, hanatsu ᨺ 414 hanayaka ⳹ p 251a hane ⩚ 82 haneru ㊴ p 274a hara ཎ 119 hara ⭡ 975 harasu ᬕ 172 harasu, hareru ⭘ p 277b harau ᡶ p 211b hare, hareru ᬕ 172 hari, haru ᙇ 775 hari 㔪 916 haru 158 haru ㈞ p 270b hasamaru, hasamu ᣳ p 237b hashi ᶫ 277 hashi ➃ p 282b hashi ⠂ p 289a hashira ᰕ 366 hashiru ㉮ 179 hata, hatake ⏿ 391 hata 474 hata ᶵ 476 hata ➃ p 282b hataraki, hataraku ാ 585 hatasu, hate, hateru ᯝ 454 HATSU Ⓨ 392 HATSU 㧥 p 285b hatsu ึ 535 HATT ἲ 612 haya, hayai ᪩ 56 hayai, hayameru ㏿ 352 hayamaru ㏿ 352 hayashi ᯘ 64 hazukashii p 246b hazukashimeru ㎯ p 249a hazumu ᙎ p 265a hebi ⺬ p 260b hedataru, hedateru 㝸 p 275a HEI ᖹ 411 HEI ර 606 HEI ୪ 977 HEI 㝎 978 HEI 㛢 979 HEI p 208a HEI ే p 225a HEI p 238b HEI ሟ p 264a HEI ᖯ p 286b HEI ᘢ p 286b HEI 㣰 p 291a HEI ⶸ p 289b HEKI ቨ p 292a HEKI Ⓑ p 297a HEKI ⎍ p 297a HEN ㏉ 412 HEN ㎶ 608 HEN ኚ 609 HEN ⦅ 806 HEN ∦ 980 HEN ೫ p 253a HEN 㐢 p 267b herasu, heru ῶ 693 heru ⤒ 685 HI ⓶ 396 HI ᝒ 397 HI 㣕 595 HI ㈝ 596 HI ẚ 792 HI ⫧ 793 HI 㠀 794 HI ྰ 972 HI ᢈ 973 HI ⛎ 974 HI ድ p 215a HI ᙼ p 228b HI ᢨ p 229b HI Ἢ p 231a HI ༝ p 235a HI ⑂ p 249a HI ⿕ p 251a HI ᡬ p 265b HI ☃ p 282b HI ⨭ p 289b HI 㑊 p 288a hi ᪥ 13 hi ⅆ 15 hi ⅉ 583 hibiki, hibiku 㡪 p 293b hidari ᕥ 21 hieru ෭ 634 higashi ᮾ 201 hiideru ⚽ p 223a hiji ⫝ p 223b hikaeru ᥍ p 256a hikari, hikaru ග 129 HIKI ༉ p 206b hiki, hiku ᘬ 81 hikiiru ⋡ 767 hiku ᙎ p 265a hikui, hikumaru, hikumeru ప 575 hima ᬤ p 275a hime ጲ p 245a hime p 264a himeru ⛎ 974 HIN ရ 405 HIN ㈋ 798 HIN p 248b HIN ㈱ p 286b HIN 㢖 p 289b hirakeru, hiraku 㛤 261 hiraku ᣵ p 247a hiratai ᖹ 411 hirogaru, hirogeru, hiroi, hiromaru ᗈ 127 hiro(u) ᣠ 321 hiru 188 hiru ᖸ 840 hirugaeru, hirugaesu ⩻ p 298a hisashii, hisashiku ஂ 676 hisomu ₯ p 288a hitai 㢠 665 hitaru, hitasu ᾐ p 248b 324 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 324 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS hito- ୍ hito ே 39 hitomi ▖ p 296a hitori ⊂ 784 hitoshii ➼ 383 hitotsu ୍ HITSU ➹ 400 HITSU ᚲ 597 HITSU ༉ p 206b HITSU Ἢ p 231a hitsuji ⨺ 426 hiya, hiyakasu, hiyasu ෭ 634 hiza ⭸ p 289b HO Ṍ 221 HO ಖ 808 HO ⿵ 981 HO ᤕ p 247a HO ᾆ p 248b HO ⯒ p 286a HO ့ p 244b ho ᕹ p 215b ho ✑ p 288b Hƿ ᪉ 223 Hƿ ᨺ 414 Hƿ ໟ 611 Hƿ ἲ 612 Hƿ ሗ 810 Hƿ ㇏ 811 Hƿ ᐆ 983 Hƿ ゼ 984 Hƿ ⰾ p 223b Hƿ 㑥 p 224b Hƿ ዊ p 227a Hƿ ᢪ p 230a Hƿ Ἳ p 231a Hƿ ᑒ p 236a Hƿ ⬊ p 241a Hƿ ಧ p 243a Hƿ ೌ p 243a Hƿ ᓠ p 245b Hƿ ◙ p 249b Hƿ ᔂ p 255a Hƿ 㣬 p 275b Hƿ 〔 p 289b Hƿ ⦭ p 293a Hƿ ⻏ p 278a hǀ 㢋 p 295a hodo ⛬ 777 hodokosu p 238a hodoku ゎ 662 hogaraka ᮁ 1,005 hǀjiru ዊ p 227a hoka እ 96 hoka 354 hoko ▩ p 212b hokori, hokoru p 278b hokorobiru ⥢ p 283a HOKU 224 homare p 278a homeru 〔 p 289b hǀmuru ⴿ p 269b HON ᮏ 76 HON 393 HON ዑ p 227a HON ⩻ p 298a hone 㦵 877 hono-o ⅖ p 232a hora Ὕ p 239a hori ᇼ p 254a horobiru, horobosu ⁛ p 276a horu ᙮ p 255a horu ᥀ p 256a hǀru ᨺ 414 hoshi ᫍ 171 hoshii, hossuru ḧ 997 hosoi ⣽ 140 hosu ᖸ 840 hotaru ⺯ p 260b hotoke 805 HOTT ἲ 612 HYAKU ⓒ 11 HYƿ ị 401 HYƿ ⾲ 402 HYƿ ⚊ 598 HYƿ ᶆ 599 HYƿ ර 606 HYƿ ಥ 796 HYƿ, hyǀsuru ホ 797 HYƿ ᢿ p 229a HYƿ ⁻ p 282a —I— I ་ 244 I ጤ 245 I ព 246 I ௨ 443 I ⾰ 444 I ᅖ 445 I ᅖ 446 I ⫶ 447 I ⛣ 642 I ᫆ 647 I ␗ 826 I 㑇 827 I ౫ p 225a I ጾ p 236a I Ⅽ p 239b I ᑚ p 254b I ೧ p 263a I 㐪 p 274bԜ I ⥔ p 283a I ៘ p 287a I ⦋ p 293a I ⏽ p 240a I ⴎ p 260a I ᳔ p 266b I ᙡ p 274a i p 205b ibara Ⲉ p 241b ICHI ୍ ICHI ኍ p 220a ichi ᕷ 144 ichijirushii ⴭ 949 idaku ᢪ p 230a idomu ᣮ p 237b ie ᐙ 89 ieru ⒵ 297a ijimeru ⱔ p 233a ikaru ᛣ p 237a ike ụ 185 IKI ᇦ 828 iki ᜥ 351 iki ⢋ 249a ikidǀru p 287a ikioi ໃ 747 ikiru ⏕ 44 ikoi, ikou ᠁ p 292a IKU ⫱ 247 iku ⾜ 131 iku ㏽ 253a iku~ ᗄ p 265a ikusa ᡓ 555 ima 138 imashime, imashimeru ᡄ p 221b imawashii ᚷ p 221b imo Ⱎ p 217b imǀto ጒ 226 imu ᚷ p 221b IN 㡢 33 IN ᘬ 81 IN ဨ 248 IN 㝔 249 IN 㣧 250 IN ༳ 448 IN ᅉ 643 IN ጻ p 236a IN 㝜 p 259a IN 㞃 p 280a IN 㡩 p 292b IN ဗ p 235b IN Ῐ p 257b ina ྰ 972 ine ✄ p 282b inochi 416 inori, inoru ♳ p 232b inu ≟ 73 ireru, iri ධ 28 iro Ⰽ 162 irodoru ᙬ p 255a iru せ 623 iru ᒃ 678 iru ᑕ 893 iru 㗪 p 285a iru ↦ p 276a isagiyoi ₩ 686 isamashii, isamu ຬ 622 ishi ▼ 72 ishizue ♏ p 297b isogashii ᛁ p 216a isogu ᛴ 272 ita ᯈ 395 itadaki, itadaku 㡬 951 itai, itamu ③ 954 itamu യ 912 itamu p 255b itaru ⮳ 886 itasu ⮴ p 251a ito ⣒ 75 itonami, itonamu Ⴀ 645 ITSU ୍ ITSU 㐓 p 258b itsukushimu ឿ p 274b 325 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 325 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS itsutsu itsuwaru ഇ p 253a iu ゝ 118 iwa ᒾ 102 iwai, iwau ⚃ 533 iya ᎘ p 274a iyashii, iyashimeru ༝ p 235a iyasu ⒵ 297a izumi Ἠ 926 —J— JA 㑧 p 232b JA ⺬ p 260b JAKU ᙅ 154 JAKU ⱝ 896 JAKU ᐢ p 254b JI ⪥ 32 JI Ꮠ 78 JI ᑎ 149 JI ⮬ 150 JI 151 JI ᆅ 184 JI 301 JI ḟ 308 JI 309 JI ᣢ 310 JI ඣ 526 JI 527 JI, jisuru ㎡ 528 JI ♧ 723 JI ఝ 724 JI ☢ 892 JI 㝖 910 JI, jisuru ౝ p 225b JI p 264a JI ឿ p 274b JI ⎛ p 299a JI 㣵 p 291b ~ji ㊰ 439 JIKI ┤ 192 JIKU ㍈ p 267a JIN ே 39 JIN ⚄ 340 JIN ⮧ 543 JIN ோ 917 JIN ล p 204b JIN ᑾ p 215b JIN ㎿ p 218b JIN ⏒ p 239b JIN 㝕 p 250a JIN ᑜ p 264b JIN ⭈ p 269b JITSU ᪥ 13 JITSU ᐇ 312 JO ዪ 41 JO ຓ 330 JO ᗎ 734 JO 㝖 910 JO ዴ p 215a JO, josuru ླྀ p 235b JO ᚎ p 246a Jƿ ୖ 23 Jƿ ሙ 161 Jƿ ᫍ 171 Jƿ 336 Jƿ ᐃ 371 Jƿ ᡂ 545 Jƿ 㟼 548 Jƿ ᮲ 738 Jƿ ≧ 739 Jƿ ᖖ 740 Jƿ 741 Jƿ ᇛ 914 Jƿ 915 Jƿ ┒ 921 Jƿ p 204a Jƿ p 206a Jƿ ί p 239a Jƿ p 253b Jƿ ␚ p 268a Jƿ ⦖ p 289a Jƿ ተ p 291b Jƿ Ꮉ p 292a Jƿ 㘄 p 288b Jƿ ㆡ p 293a Jƿ 㔊 p 293b JOKU ㎯ p 249a JU ཷ 319 JU ᤵ 729 JU ᶞ 897 JU ᑵ 900 JU ᑑ p 220b JU 㟂 p 280a JU ൲ p 291a JU ࿚ p 226b JNj ༑ 10 JNj ୰ 26 JNj ᣠ 321 JNj ఫ 325 JNj 㔜 326 JNj ᚑ 902 JNj ⦪ 903 JNj Ồ p 212a JNj p 214a JNj ᰂ p 238b JNj p 257b JNj 㖠 p 279b JNj ⋇ p 292b JUKU, jukusuru ⇍ 905 JUKU ሿ p 280a JUN 㡰 534 JUN ‽ 733 JUN ⣧ 906 JUN ᕠ p 215b JUN ᪪ p 216a JUN ┪ p 240a JUN p 244a JUN, junjiru ṥ p 248a JUN ᚠ p 265a JUN ₶ p 288a JUN 㑂 p 284b JUTSU ㏙ 731 JUTSU ⾡ 732 —K— KA ⅆ 15 KA ୗ 24 KA ⰼ 70 KA ఱ 86 KA ⛉ 87 KA ኟ 88 KA ᐙ 89 KA ḷ 90 KA 258 KA Ⲵ 259 KA ຍ 453 KA ᯝ 454 KA ㈌ 455 KA ㄢ 456 KA ྍ 655 KA ௬ 656 KA ౯ 657 KA Ἑ 658 KA 㐣 659 KA ె p 225b KA, kasuru ᯫ p 238b KA ⳹ p 251a KA Ⳬ p 260a KA p 267a KA ᎑ p 273b KA ᬤ p 275a KA ⚝ p 276b KA 㠐 p 275a KA ᐻ p 281a KA ⟠ p 283a KA ✌ p 288b KA ⱔ p 233a KA 㮵 p 262b -ka ᪥ 13 ka 㤶 p 241b ka ⺅ p 251a kabe ቨ p 292a kabu ᰴ 839 kado ゅ 97 kado 㛛 231 kaerimiru ┬ 546 kaerimiru 㢳 p 293b kaeru ᖐ 106 kaeru ௦ 358 kaeru ኚ 609 kaeru p 265b kaeru ᭰ p 266a kaesu ㏉ 412 kagami 㙾 486 kagayaku ㍤ p 284b kage 㝜 p 259a kage ᙳ p 286b kagi 㘽 p 296b kagiri, kagiru 㝈 691 kago ⡲ p 301a kagu Ⴅ p 273a KAI ᅇ 92 KAI 93 KAI ᾏ 94 KAI ⤮ 95 KAI ⏺ 260 KAI 㛤 261 KAI 㝵 262 KAI ᨵ 458 KAI Ე 459 KAI ⾤ 461 KAI ᛌ 661 KAI ゎ 662 KAI ⅊ 834 KAI, kaishite p 206a KAI ᡄ p 221b KAI p 229a KAI ᣂ p 229a KAI p 237a KAI ⓙ p 240a KAI ሢ p 273b 326 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 326 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS KAI ቯ p 291b KAI p 292a KAI ᴠ p 275a KAI ₽ p 288a KAI ㅊ p 294a kai ㈅ 49 kaiko ⺋ 885 kakaeru ᢪ p 230a kakageru ᥖ p 256a kakari, kakaru ಀ 286 kaka(waru) 㛵 467 kakeru Ḟ 496 kakeru p 256b kakeru 㥑 p 280b kakeru ㉃ p 294a kaki ᇉ p 235b kaki ᰠ p 238b kakomu, kakou ᅖ 446 KAKU ⏬ 91 KAKU ゅ 97 KAKU ᐈ 270 KAKU ྛ 462 KAKU ぬ 463 KAKU ᱁ 663 KAKU ☜ 664 KAKU ᣑ 835 KAKU 㠉 836 KAKU 㛶 837 KAKU ᰾ p 247b KAKU Ẇ p 257a KAKU 㒌 p 258b KAKU ㍑ p 274a KAKU 㝸 p 275a KAKU ⋓ p 293a KAKU ᄐ p 295a KAKU ✭ p 297b kaku ᭩ 159 kaku Ḟ 496 kaku ᥥ 256a kakureru, kakusu 㞃 p 280a kama ❔ p 288b kama 㔩 p 252b kama 㙊 p 298b kamae, kamaeru ᵓ 701 kame ட p 253a kami ୖ 23 kami ⣬ 148 kami ⚄ 340 kami 㧥 p 285b kaminari 㞾 p 275a kamosu 㔊 p 293b KAN 㛫 100 KAN ᐮ 263 KAN ឤ 264 KAN, ~kan ₎ 265 KAN 㤋 266 KAN 464 KAN ᐁ 465 KAN ⟶ 466 KAN, kansuru 㛵 467 KAN ほ 468 KAN ห 666 KAN ᖿ 667 KAN ័ 668 KAN ᖸ 840 KAN ᕳ 841 KAN ┳ 842 KAN ⡆ p 843 KAN ⏑ p 212a KAN ⏥ p 212b KAN p 216b KAN ⨁ p 216b KAN ⫢ p 223b KAN ෙ p 235a KAN 㝗 p 250a KAN p 253a KAN ຺ p 253b KAN ᝈ p 255b KAN ㈏ p 258a KAN ႏ p 263b KAN ሓ p 264a KAN p 265b KAN ᩒ p 266a KAN p 266b KAN Ḱ p 267a KAN 㛩 p 268a KAN ່ p 273a KAN ᐶ p 274a KAN Ḽ p 288a KAN ┘ p 288b KAN ⦆ p 289a KAN ᠍ p 292a KAN 㑏 p 288a KAN ⎔ p 295b KAN Ⰴ p 301a KAN 㚷 p 294a KAN 㡑 p 297a kanaderu ዌ 930 kanarazu ᚲ 597 kanashii ᝒ 397 kanbashii ⰾ p 223b kane 㔠 18 kane 㚝 p 293b kaname せ 623 kaneru ව p 244a kangae, kangaeru ⪃ 130 kangamiru 㚷 302 kanmuri ෙ p 235a kano ᙼ p 228b kanashimu ᝒ 397 kao 㢢 103 kaori, kaoru 㤶 p 241b kaoru ⸅ p 293b kara ✵ 66 kara ၈ p 244b kara Ẇ p 257a karada య 182 karai ㎞ p 224a karameru ⤡ p 269a karamu ⤡ p 269a karasu, kareru ᯤ p 238b kare ᙼ p 228b kari, kariru 530 kari ௬ 656 kari, karu ⊁ p 239b karoyaka, karu, karui ㍍ 287 karu ส p 206b kasa ച p 263a kasanaru, kasaneru 㔜 326 kasegu ✌ p 288b kashi, kasu ㈚ 770 kashira 㢌 203 kashikoi ㈼ p 287b kashikoi, kashikomu ⏽ p 240a kata ᪉ 223 kata ᆺ 493 kata ∦ 980 kata ⫪ p 233a kata ₲ p 288a katachi ᙧ 115 katai ᅛ 501 katai 㞴 960 katai ሀ p 264a katai ◳ p 268b kataki ᩛ 779 katamaru, katameru ᅛ 501 katamukeru, katamuki, katamuku ഴ p 273a katana ย 198 katari, kataru ㄒ 124 katayoru ೫ p 253a KATSU ά 99 KATSU 838 KATSU ᣓ p 237b KATSU ႑ p 253b KATSU Ῥ p 257b KATSU p 276a KATSU 〓 p 278a KATSU ㎄ p 290a KATSU ⴱ p 269b katsu 335 katsu ୟ p 208b katsugu ᢸ 941 kau ㈙ 212 kau 㣫 722 kawa ᕝ 59 kawa ⓶ 396 kawa ഃ 562 kawa Ἑ 658 kawaku, kawakasu p 253a kawaku p 255a kawara ⎰ p 212a kawaru ௦ 358 kawaru ኚ 609 kawaru p 265b kawaru ᭰ p 266a kawasu 128 kayou ㏻ 193 kazaru 㣭 p 275b kaze 㢼 217 kazoeru, kazu ᩘ 168 KE Ẽ 68 KE ᐙ 89 KE 258 KE ᬒ 494 KE ௬ 656 KE ᠱ p 300a ke ẟ 230 kegareru, kegasu p 216b 327 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 327 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS KEI ி 110 KEI 114 KEI ᙧ 115 KEI ィ 116 KEI ಀ 286 KEI ㍍ 287 KEI ᚄ 492 KEI ᆺ 493 KEI ᬒ 494 KEI ➇ 487 KEI ቃ 680 KEI ⤒ 685 KEI ⣔ 855 KEI ᩗ 856 KEI ㆙ 857 KEI ฮ p 214a KEI ⱼ p 233a KEI ዎ p 236a KEI ᜨ p 246b KEI ၨ p 253b KEI ᥖ p 256a KEI p 257b KEI ⺯ p 260b KEI ഴ p 273a KEI ᦠ p 275a KEI ⥅ p 277a KEI p 287a KEI ᠁ p 292a KEI 㭜 p 300b KEI ユ p 278a KEI ᠄ p 287a KEI ✍ p 288b kemono ⋇ p 292b kemui, kemuri, kemuru ↮ p 276a KEN ぢ 31 KEN ≟ 73 KEN 㛫 100 KEN ◊ 290 KEN ┴ 291 KEN ᘓ 498 KEN 499 KEN 㦂 500 KEN ௳ 687 KEN ๆ 688 KEN 㝤 689 KEN ᳨ 690 KEN ⤱ 861 KEN ᶒ 862 KEN ᠇ 863 KEN ⫪ p 233a KEN ೝ p 243a KEN ව p 244a KEN p 244b KEN ㌺ p 249a KEN ᅪ p 263b KEN ሀ p 264a KEN ᎘ p 274a KEN ⊩ p 276a KEN 㐵 p 274b KEN ㈼ p 287b KEN ㅬ p 289b KEN ⧛ p 298a KEN 㢧 p 291b KEN ᠱ p 300a KEN ᣙ p 246b KEN 㘽 p 296b keru ㋾ p 299b kesu ᾘ 332 keta ᱆ p 247b KETSU ⾑ 288 KETSU Ỵ 289 KETSU Ḟ 496 KETSU ⤖ 497 KETSU ₩ 686 KETSU ✰ 860 KETSU ഔ p 272a kewashii 㝤 689 kezuru ๐ p 235a KI Ẽ 68 KI Ỷ 104 KI グ 105 KI ᖐ 106 KI ㉳ 268 KI ᮇ 269 KI ᕼ 470 KI Ꮨ 471 KI ⣖ 472 KI ႐ 473 KI 474 KI ჾ 475 KI ᶵ 476 KI ᇶ 670 KI ᐤ 671 KI つ 672 KI ༴ 844 KI ᮘ 845 KI 846 KI ㈗ 847 KI ᕫ 866 KI p 213b KI ᒱ p 221a KI ᚷ p 221b KI ወ p 227a KI ♳ p 232b KI ㌶ p 240b KI ᪤ p 247b KI 㣚 p 250b KI 㨣 p 253b KI ᗄ p 265a KI Ღ p 266b KI Რ p 275a KI ㍤ p 284b KI 㥽 p 291b KI ᢏ p 213a KI ட p 253a KI ẋ p 275b KI ␥ p 288b ki ᮌ 17 ki ⏕ 44 ki 㯤 133 ki ᶞ 897 kiba ∳ p 208b kibishii ཝ 865 KICHI ྜྷ p 214b kieru ᾘ 332 KIKU ⳥ p 260a kiku, kikoeru, ⪺ 219 kiku 626 kiku ຠ 697 kiku ⫈ p 296a kimaru, kimeru Ỵ 289 kimi ྩ 285 kimo ⫢ p 223b KIN 㔠 18 KIN ㏆ 113 KIN 138 KIN ᆒ 681 KIN, kinjiru ⚗ 682 KIN 853 KIN ➽ 854 KIN ᩹ p 207b KIN ⳦ p 260a KIN ⍆ p 268a KIN ⥭ p 289a KIN ㅽ p 289b KIN あ p 298a KIN ഹ p 272a KIN 㘊 p 294b KIN ᕵ p 205b kin~ ⚗ 682 kinu ⤱ 861 kirau ᎘ p 274a kiri 㟝 p 292b kiru, kireru ษ 173 kiru, kiseru ╔ 364 kiru p 256b kishi ᓊ 267 kisou ➇ 487 kita 224 kitaeru 㘫 p 290a kitanai p 216b kitaru, kitasu ᮶ 237 KITSU ྜྷ p 214b KITSU ႚ p 263b KITSU ワ p 278b kiwa 㝿 710 kiwamaru, kiwameru ❓ p 288b kiwamaru, kiwami ᴟ 488 kiwameru ✲ 271 kiyoi, kiyomaru, kiyomeru, kiyoraka Ύ 547 kizamu ้ 875 kizashi, kizasu 573 kizu, kizutsukeru, kizutsuku യ 912 kizuku ⠏ 774 KO ᡞ 120 KO ྂ 121 KO ཤ 276 KO ᗜ 292 KO † 293 KO ᅛ 501 KO ᨾ 694 KO ಶ 695 KO ᕫ 866 KO 867 KO ᣐ p 229b KO Ꮩ p 236a KO ᘼ p 236b KO ᯤ p 238b KO p 260b KO 㞠 p 268b KO p 278b KO 㰘 p 280b KO 㢳 p 293b KO p 233b KO ⫤ p 232b KO 㘑 p 294b 328 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 328 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS ko ᑠ 27 ko Ꮚ 40 ko ⢊ 605 ko ஒ p 204a Kƿ ཱྀ 34 Kƿ ᰯ 46 Kƿ ᚋ 123 Kƿ ᕤ 125 Kƿ බ 126 Kƿ ᗈ 127 Kƿ 128 Kƿ ග 129 Kƿ ⪃ 130 Kƿ ⾜ 131 Kƿ 㧗 132 Kƿ 㯤 133 Kƿ ྥ 294 Kƿ ᖾ 295 Kƿ 296 Kƿ ຌ 502 Kƿ ዲ 503 Kƿ ೃ 504 Kƿ ⯟ 505 Kƿ ᗣ 506 Kƿ ᱁ 663 Kƿ ຠ 697 Kƿ ཌ 698 Kƿ ⪔ 699 Kƿ 㖔 700 Kƿ ᵓ 701 Kƿ ⯆ 702 Kƿ ㅮ 703 Kƿ ྡྷ 869 Kƿ Ꮥ 870 Kƿ ⓚ 871 Kƿ ⣚ 872 Kƿ 㝆 873 Kƿ 㗰 874 Kƿ Ꮝ p 207a Kƿ ᕦ p 211a Kƿ ⏥ p 212b Kƿ ௮ p 213b Kƿ Ụ p 216b Kƿ ᆙ p 220a Kƿ ᢠ p 222a Kƿ ᨷ p 222a Kƿ ᭦ p 222a Kƿ ᣊ p 229b Kƿ ⫯ p 232b Kƿ p 234a Kƿ ᜏ p 237a Kƿ ὥ p 239a Kƿ Ⲩ p 241b Kƿ 㑹 p 240b Kƿ 㤶 p 241b Kƿ ⪖ p 250a Kƿ ㈉ p 249a Kƿ ᥍ p 256a Kƿ ៃ p 265a Kƿ ◳ p 268b Kƿ ⤠ p 269a Kƿ 㡯 p 268b Kƿ ⁁ p 275b Kƿ ⥘ p 283a Kƿ 㓝 p 279a Kƿ ✏ p 288b Kƿ ⾮ p 292a Kƿ ㉎ p 289b Kƿ ᱾ p 257a Kƿ ႃ p 263b Kƿ ໙ p 206b Kƿ p 241b kobamu ᣄ p 229a kobushi ᣙ p 246b koe ኌ 170 koeru, koyasu ⫧ 793 koeru, kosu ㉸ p 267a koeru, kosu ㉺ p 267a kogareru, kogasu, kogeru ↔ p 267b kogoeru p 244a koi, koishii ᜊ p 246b koi ⃰ p 292b kokonotsu kokoro ᚰ 164 kokoromi, kokoromiru ヨ 525 kokoroyoi ᛌ 661 kokorozashi, kokorozasu ᚿ 718 KOKU ▼ 72 KOKU ㇂ 135 KOKU ᅜ 136 KOKU 㯮 137 KOKU ࿌ 507 KOKU ้ 875 KOKU ✐ 876 KOKU ඞ p 218b KOKU 㓞 p 279a koma 㥖 p 291b komakai ⣽ 140 komaru ᅔ 878 kome ⡿ 220 komeru, komu ㎸ p 212b komoru ⡲ p 301a komu ΰ704 kǀmuru ⿕ p 251a KON 㔠 18 KON 138 KON ᰿ 298 KON ᘓ 498 KON ΰ 704 KON ᅔ 878 KON ᪻ p 230a KON ᜟ p 237a KON ፧ p 254b KON ⤃ p 259b KON ⊩ p 276a KON 㨦 p 285b KON ቧ p 291a KON ᠓ p 295a KON p 258b kona ⢊ 605 konomu ዲ 503 korasu, koriru ᠬ p 297a kǀri ị 401 kori, koru จ p 291a koro 㡭 p 262b korobu, korogeru ㌿ 375 korogaru, korogasu ㌿ 375 koromo ⾰ 444 korosu ẅ 515 kǀru p 244a koshi ⭜ p 277b kotae, kotaeru ⟅ 202 kotaeru ᛂ 651 koto ゝ 118 koto 309 koto ⍆ p 268a kotobuki ᑑ p 220b kotonaru ␗ 826 kotoni Ṧ p 248a kotowaru ᩿ 773 KOTSU 㦵 877 KOTSU 276a kou ㄳ p 290a kowai ᛧ p 229a koyashi ⫧ 793 koyomi ᬺ p 281b KU KU ཱྀ 34 KU ᕤ 125 KU ᐑ 274 KU ༊ 282 KU ⱞ 283 KU ຌ 502 KU ஂ 676 KU ྃ 683 KU ⣚ 872 KU 㥑 p 280b KNj ✵ 66 kubaru 㓄 388 kubi 㤳 155 kuchi ཱྀ 34 kuchibiru ၁ p 244b kuchiru ᮙ p 216b kuda ⟶ 466 kudakeru, kudaku ○ p 240b kudaru, kudasaru ୗ 24 kuiru p 237a kujira 㪒 p 300b kuki ⱼ p 233a kuma ⇃ p 282a kumi, kumu ⤌ 178 kumo 㞼 83 kumori, kumoru p 292b kumu 㓃 p 249b KUN ྩ 285 KUN カ 489 KUN p 286a KUN ⸅ p 293b kuni ᅜ 136 kura 559 kura ⶶ 936 kuraberu ẚ 792 kurai ᬯ 243 kurai 445 kurai ᭕ p 295b kurasu, kure, kureru ᬽ 982 kurenai ⣚ 872 kuro, kuroi 㯮 137 kuru ᮶ 237 kuru ⧞ p 299a 329 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 329 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS kurui, kuruu ≬ p 223a kuruma ㌴ 63 kurushii ⱞ 283 kusa ⲡ 57 kusai ⮯ p 241b kusari 㙐 p 291a kusaru ⭉ p 283b kuse Ⓑ p 297a kushi ୵ p 218a kusuri ⸆ 420 KUTSU, kussuru ᒅ p 228a KUTSU ᥀ p 256a KUTSU ❍ p 276b kutsu 㠐 p 275a kutsugaeru, kutsugaesu そ p 298a kuu 㣗 163 kuwa ᱓ p 247b kuwadate, kuwadateru p 213b kuwaeru, kuwawaru ຍ 453 kuwashii ヲ p 278b kuyami, kuyamu p 237a kuzu ⴱ p 269b kuzureru, kuzasu ᔂ p 255a KYAKU ᐈ 270 KYAKU ༷ p 219a KYAKU ⬮ p 260a KYO ཤ 276 KYO ᣲ 482 KYO ᒃ 678 KYO チ 679 KYO ᕧ p 211a KYO ᣄ p 229a KYO ᣐ p 229b KYO p 260b KYO ㊥ p 267a KYƿ ி 110 KYƿ ᙉ 111 KYƿ ᩍ 112 KYƿ 114 KYƿ ᶫ 277 KYƿ ඹ 484 KYƿ ༠ 485 KYƿ 㙾 486 KYƿ ➇ 487 KYƿ ቃ 680 KYƿ ⤒ 685 KYƿ ⯆ 702 KYƿ ౪ 850 KYƿ ⬚ 851 KYƿ 㒓 852 KYƿ ป p 206b KYƿ ྉ p 214b KYƿ ≬ p 223a KYƿ ா p 225a KYƿ ἣ p 231a KYƿ ᓙ p 236b KYƿ ᣳ p 237b KYƿ ⊃ p 239b KYƿ ᜍ p 246b KYƿ ᜤ p 246a KYƿ ⬣ p 250b KYƿ ▹ p 296a KYƿ 㡪 p 293b KYƿ 㦫 p 301b KYƿ ᱾ p 257a KYOKU ᭤ 279 KYOKU ᒁ 280 KYOKU ᴟ 488 KYNj KYNj ఇ 80 KYNj ᘪ 107 KYNj ✲ 271 KYNj ᛴ 272 KYNj ⣭ 273 KYNj ᐑ 274 KYNj ⌫ 275 KYNj 478 KYNj Ἵ 479 KYNj ᩆ 480 KYNj ⤥ 481 KYNj ஂ 676 KYNj ᪧ 677 KYNj ྾ 849 KYNj ཬ p 204b KYNj ୣ p 209a KYNj ᮙ p 216b KYNj ⣕ p 241a KYNj ❓ p 288b KYNj ⮻ p 217a KYNj Ⴅ p 273a —M— MA 㯞 p 262b MA, masuru ᦶ p 287a MA ☻ p 293a MA 㨱 p 301b ma 㛫 100 ma ┿ 341 maboroshi ᗁ p 207b machi ⏫ 61 machi ⾤ 461 madara ᩬp 266a mado ❆ 931 madou ᝨ p 265a mae ๓ 177 magaru, mageru ᭤ 279 magireru ⣮ p 250a mago Ꮮ 565 MAI ⡿ 220 MAI ẖ 225 MAI ጒ 226 MAI ᯛ 988 MAI ᇙ p 245a MAI p 238a mai, mau ⯙ p 289b mairu ཧ 517 majiru, majiwaru 128 majiru ΰ 704 makanau ㈥ p 274a makaseru ௵ 785 makasu, makeru ㈇ 406 maki ∾ 614 maki, maku ᕳ 841 makoto ㄔ 923 MAKU ᖥ 989 MAKU ⭷ p 283b makura ᯖ p 230b mame ㇋ 379 mamoru Ᏺ 316 MAN 227 MAN ‶ 616 MAN ៏ p 281a MAN ₔ p 282a manabu Ꮫ 45 manako ║ 669 maneku ᣍ 735 manukareru ච p 225b maru, marui, marumeru 101 marui 50 masani ṇ 79 masaru 335 masu ቑ 763 masu ༖ p 206b mata ཪ p 203b matataku ▐ p 297b mato ⓗ 578 MATSU ᮎ 615 MATSU p 229b matsu ᚅ 357 matsu ᯇ 536 matsuri, matsuru ⚍ 299 matsurigoto ᨻ 746 mattaku 347 mawari ࿘ 532 mawaru, mawasu ᅇ 92 mayou, mayowasu ㏞ 817 mayu ⧛ p 298a mayu ┱ p 240a mazaru, mazeru ΰ 704 mazushii ㈋ 798 me ┠ 30 me- ዪ 41 me ⱆ 457 me- 㞤 p 280b megumi, megumu ᜨ p 246b meguru ᕠ p 215b MEI ྡ 55 MEI ᫂ 228 MEI 㬆 229 MEI 416 MEI ㏞ 817 MEI ┕ 991 MEI 㖭 p 279b MEI ෞ p 244a mekura ┣ p 232a MEN 㠃 417 MEN ⥥ 818 MEN ච p 225b MEN 㯝 p 295b meshi 㣤 594 mesu ྊ p 210a mesu 㞤 p 280b METSU ⁛ p 276a mezurashii ⌋ p 239b MI 415 MI ᮍ 617 330 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 330 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS MI, misuru 㨩 p 291b MI ┱ p 240a mi ୕ mi ᐇ 312 mi ㌟ 339 michi 㐨 205 michibiki, michibiku ᑟ 782 michiru ‶ 616 midara Ῐ p 257b midareru, midasu 999 midori ⥳ 435 mieru ぢ 31 migaku ☻ p 293a migi ྑ 22 mijikai ▷ 362 mijime p 255b miki ᖿ 667 mikotonori ペ p 270a mimi ⪥ 32 MIN Ẹ 619 MIN ╀ p 249a mina, minna ⓙ p 240a minami ༡ 208 minamoto ※ 864 minato 296 mine ᓠ p 245b minikui 㓶 p 290a minoru ᐇ 312 miru ぢ 31 miru デ p 270a misaki ᓁ p 228a misao ᧯ 935 misasagi 㝠 p 259a mise ᗑ 195 miseru ぢ 31 mitasu ‶ 616 mitomeru ㄆ 962 MITSU ᐦ 990 MITSU ⻤ p 283b mitsugu ㈉ p 249a mittsu ୕ miya ᐑ 274 miyako 㒔 376 mizo ⁁ p 275b mizu Ỉ 16 mizukara ⮬ 150 mizu-umi † 293 MO ᶍ 992 MO ⱱ p 233a mo ႙ p 263b mo ⸴ p 299b Mƿ ẟ 230 Mƿ ᮃ 613 Mƿ ஸ 985 Mƿ ዶ p 215a Mƿ ┣ p 232a Mƿ ⪖ p 250a Mƿ ⊛ p 258a Mƿ ⥙ p 283a mochi ᣢ 310 mochi 㣰 p 291a mochiiru ⏝ 235 mǀderu ユ p 278a modoru, modosu ᡠ p 221b moeru ⇞ 786 moguru ₯ p 288a mǀkeru タ 754 MOKU ᮌ 17 MOKU ┠ 30 MOKU 㯲 p 291b momo ᱈ p 247b MON ᩥ 77 MON 㛛 231 MON ၥ 418 MON ⣠ p 250a monme ໜ p 206a mono ⪅ 314 mono ≀ 410 moppara ᑓ 925 moreru, moru ₃ p 282a mori ᳃ 65 mori Ᏺ 316 moru ┒ 921 moshikuwa ⱝ 896 mǀsu ⏦ 338 moteasobu ᘝ p 221a moto ୗ 24 moto ᮏ 76 moto ඖ 117 motome, motomeru 478 motoi, motozuku ᇶ 670 MOTSU ≀ 410 motsu ᣢ 310 mottomo ᭱ 510 moyasu ⇞ 786 moyo-oshi, moyoosu ദ p 273a MU ↓ 620 MU Ṋ 802 MU ົ 815 MU ክ 816 MU ▩ p 212b MU ㅛ p 287b MU 㟝 p 292b mugi 㯏 213 mukae, mukaeru ㏄ p 224a mukashi ᫇ 346 mukau, mukǀ, muku ྥ 294 muko ፵ p 264b mukui, mukuiru ሗ 810 mune ⬚ 851 mune ᪨ p 216a mune Ჷ p 266b mura ᮧ 62 mura ᩬ p 266a muragaru, mure, mureru ⩌ 684 murasaki ⣸ p 269a murasu, mureru, musu 915 muro ᐊ 152 musaboru ㈎ p 261a mushi 74 musubi, musubu ⤖ 497 musume ፉ p 245a mutsu, muttsu භ mutsumajii, mutsumu ╬ p 276b muzukashii 㞴 960 MYAKU ⬦ 618 MYƿ ྡ 55 MYƿ ᫂ 228 MYƿ 416 MYƿ ጁ p 220b MYƿ ෞ p 244a —N— NA ⣡ 963 NA 㑣 p 224b NA ዉ p 227a na ྡ 55 na ⳯ 509 nabe 㘠 p 296b nae ⱑ p 233a naeru ⴎ p 260a nagai 㛗 189 nagai Ọ 644 nagameru ═ p 258b nagare, nagareru, nagasu ὶ 432 nageku Ⴣ p 273a nageru ᢞ 378 nagoyaka 440 naguru Ẁ p 231a nagusame, nagusameru, nagusami ៘ p 287a NAI ෆ 207 nai, nashi ↓ 620 naka ୰ 26 naka ௰ 571 nakaba ༙ 214 naki, nakunaru, nakusu ஸ 985 naku 㬆 229 naku Ἵ 479 nama ⏕ 44 namakeru ᛰ p 237a namari 㖄 p 274b nami Ἴ 387 namino ୪ 977 namida ᾦ p 248b NAN ⏨ 42 NAN ༡ 208 NAN 㞴 960 NAN ㌾ p 258a nana, nanatsu naname ᩳ p 256b nani ఱ 86 nao ᑦ p 228a naoru, naosu ┤ 192 naoru, naosu 527 naraberu, narabini, narabu ୪ 977 narasu, naru 㬆 229 narau ⩦ 323 narau ೌ p 243a nareru ័ 668 naru, nasu ᡂ 545 nasake 741 331 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 331 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS nashi p 257a natsu ኟ 88 natsukashii p 292a nawa ⦖ p 289a nayami, nayamu ᝎ p 246b nazo ㅦ p 294a ne 㡢 33 ne ᰿ 298 ne ್ 946 nebaru ⢓ p 256a negai, negau 㢪 469 NEI ᑀ p 281a nemui, nemuri, nemuru ╀ p 249a NEN ᖺ 20 NEN ↛ 557 NEN ᛕ 590 NEN ⇞ 786 NEN ⢓ p 259a NEN p 256a nerau ≺ p 232a neru ⦎ 438 neru ᐷ p 274a netamu ጊ p 227a NETSU, nessuru ⇕ 589 NI ࢽ NI ඣ 526 NI ᑽ p 210b NI ᘨ p 216a ni Ⲵ 259 nibui, niburu 㕌 p 268a NICHI ᪥ 13 nieru, niru ↻ p 267b nigai ⱞ 283 nigasu, nigeru ㏨ p 240b nigiru ᥱ p 265b nigori, nigoru ⃮ p 292b nii- ᪂ 165 niji p 241b NIKU ⫗ 209 nikui, nikumu, nikurashii, nikushimi p 282b NIN ே 39 NIN ௵ 785 NIN ㄆ 962 NIN ዷ p 220b NIN ᚸ p 221b ninau ᢸ 941 nio(u) ⮯ 241b niou ໝ p 206b niru ఝ 724 nishi す 169 nishiki 㘊 p 294b niwa ᗞ 372 niwatori 㭜 p 300b no 㔝 233 Nƿ ㎰ 386 Nƿ ⬟ 787 Nƿ ⣡ 963 Nƿ ⬻ 964 Nƿ ᝎ p 246b Nƿ ⃰ p 292b nobasu, nobe, nobiru ᘏ 831 nobasu, nobiru ఙ p 218b noberu ఙp 218b noberu ㏙ 731 nobori, noboru Ⓩ 382 noboru ୖ 23 noboru ᪼ p 230a nochi ᚋ 123 nodo ႃ p 263b nogareru ㏨ p 240b noki ㌺ p 249a nokori, nokoru, nokosu ṧ 520 nomu 㣧 250 nonoshiru ⨬ p 289b norou ࿚ p 226b noru, noseru 336 noru, noseru ㍕ p 274b nozoku 㝖 910 nozomi, nozomu ᮃ 613 nozomu ⮫ 1,004 nugu ⬺ p 260a nuguu ᣔ p 237b nuku ᢤ p 222a numa p 231a nuno ᕸ 799 nuru ሬ p 273b nushi 315 nusumu ┐ p 258b nuu ⦭ p 293a NYO ዪ 41 NYO ዴ p 215a NYƿ ᒀ p 220b NYNj ධ 28 NYNj ங 961 NYNj ᰂ p 238b —O— O p 216b o- ᑠ 27 o ᑿ p 220b o- 㞝 p 268b o ⥴ p 283a ƿ ⋤ 47 ƿ 㯤 133 ƿ ኸ 254 ƿ ᶓ 255 ƿ, ǀjiru ᛂ 651 ƿ 652 ƿ ᱜ 653 ƿ ⓚ 871 ƿ พ p 209b ƿ ᢲ p 230a ƿ Ḣ p 231a ƿ Ẁ p 231a ƿ ⩝ p 250a ƿ ዟ p 264a ƿ ᪲ p 230a obi, obiru ᖏ 566 obiyakasu ⬣ p 250b oboeru ぬ 463 oboreru ⁒ p 275b ochiiru 㝗 p 250a ochiru, otosu ⴠ 431 odayaka ✜ p 293a odori, odoru ㋀ p 279a odokasu, odosu ⬣ p 250b odoroki, odoroku 㦫 p 301b odoru ㌍ p 293a oeru ⤊ 322 ogamu ᣏ 966 ǀgi ᡪ p 246b oginau ⿵ 981 ogosoka ཝ 865 oi, oiru ⪁ 638 ǀi ከ 180 oka ୣ p 209a oka ᒸ p 228a okasu ≢ 789 okasu p 234b okasu ෑ p 240a oki Ἀ p 222b ǀkii 25 okiru, okoru, okosu ㉳ 268 okonau ⾜ 131 okoru, okosu ⯆ 702 okoru ᛣ p 237a okotaru ᛰ p 237a OKU ᒇ 256 OKU ൨ 452 OKU ዟ p 264a OKU ᠈ p 292a OKU ⮑ p 296a oku ⨨ 570 oku ዟ p 264a okureru 㐜 p 267b okuru ㏦ 349 okuru ㉗ p 291a omo 315 omo, omote 㠃 417 omoi 㔜 326 omomuki ㊃ p 284b omomuku ㉱ p 240b omote ⾲ 402 omou ᛮ 147 ON 㡢 33 ON 㐲 85 ON 257 ON ᜠ 654 ON ✜ p 293a ON ᛷ p 237a on ᚚ p 265a onaji ྠ 204 oni 㨣 p 253b onna ዪ 41 ono-ono ྛ 462 ore ನ p 243a oreru, ori, oru ᢡ 551 ori, oru ⧊ 742 oriru, orosu 㝆 873 oroka ហ p 274a oroshi, orosu ༺ p 235b oru ᢡ 551 osaeru ᢚ p 222a osaeru ᢲ p 230a osamaru, osameru 527 332 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 332 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS osamaru, osameru ಟ 730 osamaru, osameru 898 osameru ⣡ 963 osanai ᗂ 996 ǀse ௮ p 213b osoreru ⏽ p 240a osoreru p 255b oshi, osu ᢲ p 230a oshieru ᩍ 112 oshii, oshimu ᝰ p 255b osoi 㐜 p 267b osore, osoreru, osoroshii ᜍ p 246b osore p 277b osou く p 301a osu ᥎ 919 osu 㞝 p 268b oto 㡢 33 otoko ⏨ 42 otoroeru ⾶ p 251a otoru ຎ p 214a otǀto ᘵ 194 otozureru ゼ 984 OTSU எ p 203b otto ኵ 601 ou ㏣ 370 ou ㈇ 406 ǀu そ p 298a owari, owaru ⤊ 322 oya ぶ 166 ǀyake බ 126 oyobi, oyobu ཬ p 204b oyogu Ὃ 252 —P— pan- ỗ p 216b —R— RA 〄 p 278a RA ⨶ p 299a RAI ᮶ 237 RAI 㞾 p 275a RAI 㢗 p 295a RAKU ᴦ 98 RAKU ⴠ 431 RAKU ⤡ p 269a RAKU 㓗 p 274b RAN 999 RAN ༸ 1,000 RAN ぴ 1,001 RAN ℃ p 297a RAN ḍ p 300a RAN ⸛ p 298a RAN ᔒ p 264b RATSU, rassuru ᢼ p 229a RATSU ㎥ p 284a REI ♩ 436 REI ௧ 633 REI ෭ 634 REI 635 REI ບ p 219a REI ᡠ p 221b REI 㕥 p 274b REI 㞽 p 275a REI 㟋 p 285a REI 㞔 p 288b REI 㱋 p 297b REI 㯇 p 300b REKI Ṕ 636 REKI ᬺ p 281b REN ⦎ 438 REN 㐃 637 REN ᜊ p 246b REN ᗮ p 274a REN 㘐 p 288b ~ren 㐃 637 RETSU ิ 437 RETSU ຎ p 214a RETSU Ⅿ p 248b RETSU p 269b RI 㔛 238 RI ⌮ 239 RI 626 RI 1,002 RI ྣ p 214b RI ⑩ p 268a RI ᒚ p 286b RI 㞳 p 291a RI p 257a RI ⍵ p 288b RIKI ຊ 38 RIKU 㝣 627 RIN ᯘ 64 RIN ㍯ 631 RIN ⮫ 1,004 RIN ཊ p 235b RIN p 243a RIN 㕥 p 274b RIN 㞄 p 288b RITSU ❧ 37 RITSU ⋡ 767 RITSU ᚊ 1,003 RITSU ុ p 274b RO ㊰ 439 RO ⅔ p 232a RO 㟢 p 293a RO ࿅ p 219b RO ㈣ p 278b Rƿ ⪁ 638 Rƿ ປ 639 Rƿ ᮁ 1,005 Rƿ 㑻 p 240b Rƿ ᾉ p 248b Rƿ ᗯ p 265a Rƿ ᴥ p 275a Rƿ ₃ p 282a Rƿ, rǀsuru ᘝ p 221a Rƿ ⡲ p 301a ROKU භ ROKU ⥳ 435 ROKU 㘓 640 ROKU 㯄 p 300b RON ㄽ 1,006 RU ὶ 432 RU ␃ 824 RU ⍠ p 282b RUI 㢮 632 RUI ᾦ p 248b RUI ⣼ p 259b RUI ሠ p 264a RYAKU, ryakusuru ␎ 823 RYO ᪑ 433 RYO p 277b RYO ៖ p 287a RYO p 234a RYƿ ୧ 434 RYƿ ⁺ 483 RYƿ Ⰻ 628 RYƿ ᩱ 629 RYƿ 㔞 630 RYƿ 㡿 825 RYƿ p 203a RYƿ ᾴ p 257b RYƿ ⊟ p 258a RYƿ 㝠 p 259a RYƿ p 280a RYƿ ᑅ p 286a RYƿ ⒪ p 296a RYƿ ⣊ p 297b RYƿ ░ p 296a RYOKU ຊ 38 RYOKU ⥳ 435 RYNj ❧ 37 RYNj ὶ 432 RYNj ␃ 824 RYNj ᰗ p 238b RYNj ❳ p 249b RYNj ⢏ p 259a RYNj 㝯 p 259a RYNj ◲ p 268b —S— SA ᕥ 21 SA స 141 SA Ⲕ 187 SA ᕪ 508 SA ᰝ 705 SA 706 SA ◁ 879 SA బ p 218a SA ၀ p 244b SA ブ p 270a SA 㙐 p 291a SA Ἃ p 222b sabaku 882 sabireru, sabishii ᐢ p 254b sachi ᖾ 295 sadaka, sadameru ᐃ 371 sadamaru ᐃ 371 saegiru 㐽 p 279a sagaru, sageru ୗ 24 sagasu ᤚ p 247a sagasu, saguru ᥈ 942 sageru ᥦ 776 sagesumu p 283b SAI ᡯ 139 SAI ⣽ 140 SAI す 169 SAI ษ 173 SAI ⚍ 299 SAI ⳯ 509 SAI ᭱ 510 SAI ẅ 515 SAI 706 SAI ⅏ 707 SAI ጔ 708 333 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 333 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS SAI ᥇ 709 SAI 㝿 710 SAI ㈈ 712 SAI ῭ 881 SAI 882 SAI ○ p 240b SAI ᐓ p 245a SAI ᱂ p 247b SAI ᙬ p 255a SAI ᩪ p 256b SAI ദ p 273a SAI മ p 272a SAI ṓ p 275b SAI ㍕ p 274b SAI ሰ p 273b SAI ᇸ p 254a SAI 㔗 p 233b sainamu ⱔ p 233a saiwai ᖾ 295 saka ᆏ 394 saka 㜰 p 224b saka-, sake 㓇 318 sakae, sakaeru ᰤ 450 sakai ቃ 680 sakan, sakari ┒ 921 sakana 㨶 109 sakanoboru 㐳 p 284b sakarau ㏫ 675 sakazuki ᮼ p 230b sakebu ྉ p 214b sakeru, saku p 269b sakeru 㑊 p 288a saki ඛ 43 saki ᓮ p 254b SAKU స 141 SAKU 512 SAKU ⟇ 883 SAKU 884 SAKU ๐ p 235a SAKU ⣴ p 250a SAKU 㓑 p 267b SAKU ᦢ p 274b SAKU 㘒 p 288b SAKU ᰙ p 238a saku 838 saku ဏ p 235b sakura ᱜ 653 sama ᶏ 430 samasu, sameru ぬ 463 samasu, sameru ෭ 634 samasu, sameru 㓰 p 294b samatageru ጉ p 220b samui ᐮ 263 SAN ୕ SAN ᒣ 58 SAN ⟬ 142 SAN ཧ 517 SAN ⏘ 518 SAN ᩓ 519 SAN 㓟 715 SAN ㈶ 716 SAN ⺋ 885 SAN Ჽ p 245b SAN p 255b SAN ച p 263a sara ─ 300 sarani ᭦ p 222a saru ཤ 276 saru ⊷ p 276a sasaeru ᨭ 717 sasoi, sasou ㄏ p 284a sassuru ᐹ 516 sasu ᣦ 305 sasu ᕪ 508 sasu ่ p 226a sasu ᤄ p 247a sato 㔛 238 satoru ᝅ p 246b satosu ㅍ p 294a SATSU ᮐ 513 SATSU ๅ 514 SATSU ẅ 515 SATSU ᐹ 516 SATSU 884 SATSU p 287b SATSU ᧿ p 295a SATSU ็ p 225b SATSU ᣜ p 237b sawa ἑ p 222b sawagi, sawagu 㦁 p 291b sawaru 㞀 913 sawayaka ∝ p 258a sazukaru, sazukeru ᤵ 729 SE ୡ 344 SE p 238a SE 㓰 p 294b se ⫼ 967 se ␇ p 247a se ℩ p 299a sebameru ⊃ p 239b SECHI ⠇ 552 SEI ⏕ 44 SEI 㟷 52 SEI ṇ 79 SEI す 169 SEI ኌ 170 SEI ᫍ 171 SEI ᬕ 172 SEI ୡ 344 SEI ᩚ 345 SEI ᡂ 545 SEI Ύ 547 SEI ┬ 546 SEI 㟼 548 SEI, seisuru ไ 744 SEI ᛶ 745 SEI ᨻ 746 SEI ໃ 747 SEI ⢭ 748 SEI 〇 749 SEI ┒ 921 SEI ⪷ 922 SEI ㄔ 923 SEI p 205b SEI ጣ p 227a SEI ᚁ p 228b SEI ᩧ p 234b SEI ≅ p 239b SEI ㏽ p 249b SEI ፵ p 264b SEI ṓ p 275b SEI ㄋ p 284a SEI ㄳ p 290a SEI p 244a sei ⫼ 967 SEKI ㉥ 51 SEKI ኤ 54 SEKI ▼ 72 SEKI ᫇ 346 SEKI ᖍ 549 SEKI ✚ 550 SEKI ㈐ 751 SEKI ⦼ 752 SEKI ᩺ p 211b SEKI ᯒ p 230b SEKI 㞘 p 250b SEKI ᐢ p 254b SEKI ᝰ p 255b SEKI ㊧ p 274a SEKI ⡠ p 300a SEKI, se, sei ⬨ p 250b SEKI ᡉ p 255b seki 㛵 467 semai ⊃ p 239b semaru ㏕ p 232b seme, semeru ᨷ p 222a semeru ㈐ 751 SEN ༓ 12 SEN ඛ 43 SEN ᕝ 59 SEN ⯪ 175 SEN ⥺ 176 SEN ὸ 554 SEN ᡓ 555 SEN 㑅 556 SEN 㖹 757 SEN ᐉ 924 SEN ᑓ 925 SEN Ἠ 926 SEN Ὑ 927 SEN ᰁ 928 SEN p 209a SEN ༨ p 210a SEN ᡪ p 246b SEN ᰦ p 247b SEN ᪕ p 257a SEN ㊶ p 274a SEN 㖧 p 279b SEN ₯ p 288a SEN 㑄 p 284b SEN ⸀ p 293b SEN ⧄ p 296a SEN 㩭 p 297b SEN ↦ p 276a SEN ⩎ p 277a SEN ⭢ p 277b SEN ヮ p 278a SEN ⟢ p 282b seru ➇ 487 SETSU ษ 173 SETSU 㞷 174 SETSU ẅ 515 SETSU ᢡ 551 334 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 334 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS SETSU ⠇ 552 SETSU ㄝ 553 SETSU, sessuru ᥋ 753 SETSU タ 754 SETSU ᣋ p 229b SETSU ✼ p 241a SETSU ᦤ p 274b SETSU ็ p 225b SHA ㌴ 63 SHA ♫ 153 SHA 313 SHA ⪅ 314 SHA ⯋ 727 SHA, shasuru ㅰ 728 SHA ◁ 879 SHA ᑕ 893 SHA ᤞ 894 SHA ᩳ p 256b SHA ㉧ p 258a SHA ↻ p 267b SHA 㐽 p 279a SHAKU ㉥ 51 SHAKU ▼ 72 SHAKU ᫇ 346 SHAKU 530 SHAKU ᑻ 895 SHAKU ໗ p 204a SHAKU 㓃 p 249b SHAKU 㔘 p 258b SHAKU ∖ p 295b SHI ᅄ SHI Ꮚ 40 SHI ⣒ 75 SHI Ṇ 143 SHI ᕷ 144 SHI ▮ 145 SHI ጜ 146 SHI ᛮ 147 SHI ⣬ 148 SHI ⮬ 150 SHI 301 SHI, shinu Ṛ 302 SHI 303 SHI ጞ 304 SHI ᣦ 305 SHI ṑ 306 SHI リ 307 SHI ḟ 308 SHI ኈ 521 SHI Ặ 522 SHI ྐ 523 SHI ྖ 524 SHI ヨ 525 SHI ᨭ 717 SHI ᚿ 718 SHI ᯞ 719 SHI ᖌ 720 SHI ㈨ 721 SHI 㣫 722 SHI ♧ 723 SHI ⮳ 886 SHI ⚾ 887 SHI ጼ 888 SHI ど 889 SHI モ 890 SHI ㄅ 891 SHI ᪨ p 216a SHI ఛ p 218a SHI ่ p 226a SHI ♴ p 232b SHI ⫥ p 232b SHI p 238a SHI ⬡ p 250b SHI ⣸ p 269a SHI Ⴙ p 273a SHI 㞤 p 280b SHI ㈷ p 284b SHI ㅎ p 294a SHI p 246a SHI ᦸ p 287a shiawase ᖾ 295 shiba Ⱚ p 217b shibaru ⦡ p 293a shibomu, shinabiru, shioreru ⴎ p 260a shiboru ⤠ p 269a shiboru ᦢ p 274b shibu, shibui, shiboru p 257b SHICHI SHICHI ㉁ 726 shigeru ⱱ p 233a shiiru ᙉ 111 shiitageru p 241b shii ᳝ p 266b shiite ᙉ 111 shika 㮵 p 262b SHIKI Ⰽ 162 SHIKI ᘧ 311 SHIKI ㆑ 725 SHIKI ⧊ 742 shiku ᩜ p 287b shima ᓥ 380 shimaru, shimeru 㛢 979 shimaru, shimeru ⥾ p 289a shimeru ༨ p 210a shimeru, shimesu ‵ p 267b shimeru ⤠ p 269a shimesu ♧ 723 shimi, shimiru ᰁ 928 shimo ୗ 24 shimo 㟖 p 290b SHIN ᳃ 65 SHIN ᚰ 164 SHIN ᪂ 165 SHIN ぶ 166 SHIN ⏦ 338 SHIN ㌟ 339 SHIN ⚄ 340 SHIN ┿ 341 SHIN ῝ 342 SHIN 㐍 343 SHIN ⮧ 543 SHIN ಙ 544 SHIN 㔪 916 SHIN ఙ p 218b SHIN ㎞ p 224a SHIN p 234b SHIN ၁ p 244b SHIN ፎ p 245a SHIN p 247a SHIN ᾐ p 248b SHIN ⤀ p 259b SHIN デ p 270a SHIN ᐷ p 274a SHIN ៅ p 274b SHIN ᑂ p 286b SHIN ㄳ p 290a SHIN 㟈 p 285a SHIN ⸄ p 293b SHIN ⰺ p 223b shina ရ 405 shinjiru ಙ 544 shinobaseru, shinobu ᚸ p 221b shinu Ṛ 302 shio ሷ 451 shio ₻ 952 shirabe, shiraberu ㄪ 369 shiraseru ▱ 186 shiri ᑼ p 211a shirizokeru, shirizoku ㏥ 769 shiro, shiroi ⓑ 53 shiro ᇛ 914 shiru ▱ 186 shiru Ồ p 212a shirushi ༳ 448 shirusu グ 105 shita ୗ 24 shita ⯉ 755 shitagau ᚑ 902 shitashii, shitashimu ぶ 166 shitataru p 282a shitau ះ p 281a SHITSU ᐊ 152 SHITSU ኻ 529 SHITSU ㉁ 726 SHITSU p 249a SHITSU ᇳ p 254a SHITSU ‵ p 267b SHITSU ⁽ p 282a SHITSU, shikaru ྏ p 210a SHITSU ᎖ p 273b shizu, shizuka 㟼 548 shizuka, shizumaru, shizumeru 㟼 548 shizuku p 282a shizumeru 㙠 p 291a shizumu ỿ p 223a SHO ᭩ 159 SHO ᡤ 328 SHO ᬬ 329 SHO ึ 535 SHO, shosuru ฎ 907 SHO ⨫ 908 SHO ㅖ 909 SHO ᗢ p 255a SHO ⥴ p 283a SHƿ ᑠ 27 SHƿ ⏕ 44 SHƿ 㟷 52 SHƿ ṇ 79 SHƿ ᑡ 160 SHƿ ኌ 170 SHƿ 331 335 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 335 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS SHƿ ᾘ 332 SHƿ ၟ 333 SHƿ ❶ 334 SHƿ 335 SHƿ ┦ 348 SHƿ ᯇ 536 SHƿ ➗ 537 SHƿ ၐ 538 SHƿ ↝ 539 SHƿ ㇟ 540 SHƿ ↷ 541 SHƿ ㈹ 542 SHƿ ┬ 546 SHƿ ᣍ 735 SHƿ ᢎ 736 SHƿ ド 737 SHƿ ᛶ 745 SHƿ ᨻ 746 SHƿ ⢭ 748 SHƿ ᑗ 911 SHƿ യ 912 SHƿ 㞀 913 SHƿ 933 SHƿ p 205b SHƿ ༖ p 206b SHƿ ྊ p 209b SHƿ p 214a SHƿ ᗋ p 221a SHƿ ᢒ p 221b SHƿ ⫝̸ p 223b SHƿ ጣ p 227a SHƿ ᑦ p 228a SHƿ ᪼ p 230a SHƿ p 231a SHƿ ᐘ p 245a SHƿ p 249a SHƿ ⛠ p 249b SHƿ ⚈ p 247b SHƿ ΅ p 257b SHƿ ⤂ p 259a SHƿ ゴ p 260b SHƿ ᤸ p 265b SHƿ ᬗ p 266a SHƿ ↔ p 267b SHƿ ◪ p 268b SHƿ ⢝ p 269a SHƿ ペ p 270a SHƿ ዡ p 273b SHƿ ヲ p 278b SHƿ ᙲ p 281a SHƿ ⾪ p 287a SHƿ ൾ p 295a SHƿ ♋ p 296a SHƿ 㚝 p 293b SHƿ p 287a SHOKU Ⰽ 162 SHOKU 㣗 163 SHOKU ᳜ 337 SHOKU ⧊ 742 SHOKU ⫋ 743 SHOKU Ṫ p 267a SHOKU ゐ p 278a SHOKU 㣭 p 275b SHOKU კ p 286a SHOKU ᣔ p 237b shǀsuru ⛠ p 249b SHU ᡭ 35 SHU 㤳 155 SHU 315 SHU Ᏺ 316 SHU ྲྀ 317 SHU 㓇 318 SHU ✀ 531 SHU ಟ 730 SHU ᮒ p 216b SHU ⊁ p 239b SHU Ṧ p 248a SHU ⌔ p 249a SHU ㊃ p 284b SHU ⭘ p 277b SHNj ⛅ 156 SHNj 㐌 157 SHNj ᕞ 320 SHNj ᣠ 321 SHNj ⤊ 322 SHNj ⩦ 323 SHNj 㞟 324 SHNj ࿘ 532 SHNj, SHUKU ⚃ 533 SHNj ಟ 730 SHNj 898 SHNj ᐀ 899 SHNj ᑵ 900 SHNj ⾗ 901 SHNj ᅃ p 210b SHNj ⯚ p 217b SHNj ⚽ p 223a SHNj ⮯ p 241b SHNj ᇳ p 254a SHNj ឋ p 274a SHNj 㓘 p 274b SHNj 㓶 p 290a SHNj く p 301a SHNj ⿇ p 251a SHNj ⩈ p 259b SHNj ㋾ p 299b SHUKU ᐟ 327 SHUKU ⦰ 904 SHUKU ུ p 226b SHUKU ῄ p 257b SHUKU ⢔ p 260a SHUN 158 SHUN ᪪216a SHUN ಇ p 234b SHUN ▐ p 297b SHUTSU ฟ 29 SO ⤌ 178 SO ♽ 758 SO ⣲ 759 SO 㜼 p 233a SO ⛒ p 249b SO ᥐ p 255b SO ⢒ p 259a SO p 268a SO ッ p 270b SO ረ p 273b SO ♏ p 297b SO 㐳 p 284b SO ≺ p 232a Sƿ ᪩ 56 Sƿ ⲡ 57 Sƿ ㉮ 179 Sƿ ┦ 348 Sƿ ㏦ 349 Sƿ 350 Sƿ த 558 Sƿ 559 Sƿ ᕢ 560 Sƿ ⥲ 760 Sƿ ᐀ 899 Sƿ ዌ 930 Sƿ ❆ 931 Sƿ 932 Sƿ 933 Sƿ ᒙ 934 Sƿ ᧯ 935 Sƿ p 207a Sƿ ኊ p 215a Sƿ Ⲯ p 241b Sƿ ᤄ p 247a Sƿ ᤚ p 247a Sƿ ᱓ p 247b Sƿ ᤲ p 256a Sƿ ᭪ p 257a Sƿ ႙ p 263b Sƿ ⴿ p 269b Sƿ ൔ p 273a Sƿ 㐼 p 279a Sƿ ᵴ p 287b Sƿ ⇱ p 295b Sƿ 㟖 p 290b Sƿ 㦁 p 291b Sƿ ⸴ p 299b Sƿ ㋑ p 290b Sƿ ᭯ p 257a Sƿ ∝ p 258a Sƿ ⑭ p 268a sodateru, sodatsu ⫱ 247 sode ⿇ p 251a soeru ῧ p 257b soko ᗏ 576 sokonau, sokoneru ᦆ 768 SOKU ㊊ 36 SOKU ᜥ 351 SOKU ㏿ 352 SOKU ᮰ 561 SOKU ഃ 562 SOKU ๎ 764 SOKU 765 SOKU ༶ p 219b SOKU ಁ p 234a SOKU ሰ p 273b SOKU ᤊ p 247a -someru ึ 535 someru ᰁ 928 somukeru, somuku ⫼ 967 SON ᮧ 62 SON Ꮮ 565 SON ᦆ 768 SON Ꮡ 938 SON ᑛ 939 SON 㐯 p 284b sonae, sonaeru, sonawaru ഛ 795 sonaeru ౪ 850 sono ᅬ 84 sonsuru ᦆ 768 sora ✵ 66 sorasu, soru 393 sosogu ὀ 365 336 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 336 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS sosonokasu ၀ p 244b soto እ 96 SOTSU ༞ 564 SOTSU ⋡ 767 sou ἢ 832 sou ῧ p 257b SU Ꮚ 40 SU 315 SU Ᏺ 316 SU ⣲ 759 SU 㡲 p 272b su ᕞ 320 su ᕢ 560 su 㓑 p 267b SNj ᩘ 168 SNj ᯡ p 230b SNj ᓫ p 254b suberu ⤫ 780 suberu p 276a subete 347 sudeni ᪤ p 247b sue ᮎ 615 sueru ᤣ p 256a sugata ጼ 888 sugi ᮡ p 222b sugiru, sugosu 㐣 659 sugoi, susamaji p 244a sugureru ඃ 995 SUI Ỉ 16 SUI ฟ 29 SUI ᆶ 918 SUI ᥎ 919 SUI ྿ p 219b SUI ⅕ p 232a SUI ᖊ p 236b SUI ⢋ p 249a SUI ⾶ p 251a SUI 㓉 p 258b SUI 㐙 p 267b SUI ╧ p 276b SUI ✑ p 288b SUI 㗽 p 288a suji ➽ 854 suki, suku ዲ 503 sukasu, suku ㏱ p 249b ~suke ຓ 330 suki 㝽 p 279b sukoshi ᑡ 160 sukoyaka 499 sukui, sukuu ᩆ 480 sukunai ᑡ 160 sumai ఫ 325 sumasu ῭ 881 sumi Ⅳ 361 sumi 㝮 p 268a sumi ቚ p 280b sumiyaka ㏿ 352 sumu ఫ 325 sumu ῭ 881 sumu p 288a SUN ᑍ 920 suna ◁ 879 suppai 㓟 715 sureru, suru ᧿ p 295a suru ๅ 514 surudoi 㗦 p 285a suso 〈 p 278a susumeru ່ p 273a susumeru ⸀ p 293b susumeru, susumu 㐍 343 sutareru, sutaru ᗫ p 265a suteru ᤞ 894 suu ྾ 849 suwaru ᗙ 880 suwaru ᤣ p 256a suzu 㕥 p 274b suzushii ᾴ p 257b tagai p 205b tagayasu ⪔ 699 tagui 㢮 632 TAI 25 TAI ኴ 181 TAI య 182 TAI ྎ 183 TAI ᑐ 356 TAI ᚅ 357 TAI ᖏ 566 TAI 㝲 567 TAI ㏥ 769 TAI ㈚ 770 TAI ែ 771 TAI ᛰ p 237a TAI ⪏ p 241a TAI ⫾ p 241a TAI Ὀ p 248a TAI ⿄ p 260b TAI 㐊 p 258a TAI ᭰ p 266a TAI p 276a TAI ሁ p 254a TAI ᡝ p 295a taira ᖹ 411 takai, takamaru, takameru 㧗 132 takara ᐆ 983 take ➉ 71 take p 204a take ᓅ p 228a taki p 275b takigi ⸄ p 293b TAKU ᗘ 377 —T— TAKU Ꮿ 940 TA ከ 180 TAKU ᢥ p 222a TA ኴ 181 TAKU ἑ p 222b TA 354 TAKU ༟ p 226a TA p 222b TAKU ᣅ p 229b ta ⏣ 60 TAKU ク p 251a taba ᮰ 561 TAKU ℆ p 295b taberu 㣗 163 taku ⅕ p 232a tabi ᗘ 377 takumi ᕦ p 211a tabi ᪑ 433 takuwaeru p 277b tadachini ┤ 192 tama ⋢ 48 tadashi ణ p 218a tama ⌫ 275 tadashii, tadasu ṇ 79 tama ᙎ p 265a tadayou ⁻ p 282a tama 㟋 p 285a taeru ⤯ 756 tamago ༸ 1,000 taeru ⪏ p 241a tamashii 㨦 p 285b taeru ሓ p 264a tamawaru ㈷ p 284a tameru ▹ p 296a tami Ẹ 619 tamotsu ಖ 808 TAN Ⅳ 361 TAN ▷ 362 TAN 393 TAN ༢ 569 TAN ᢸ 941 TAN ᥈ 942 TAN ㄌ 943 TAN p 205a TAN ⫹ p 241a TAN ῐ p 257b TAN Ⴣ p 273a TAN ➃ p 282b TAN 㘫 p 290a TAN ᪦ p 211b TAN ⥢ p 283a tana Ჴ p 266b tane ✀ 531 tani ㇂ 135 tanomi, tanomoshii, tanomu 㢗 p 288a tanoshii ᴦ 98 taoreru, taosu ಽ p 243b tarasu, tareru 918 tariru ㊊ 36 tashika, tashikameru ☜ 664 tassuru 㐩 568 tasu ㊊ 36 tasukaru, tasukeru ຓ 330 tatakai, tatakau ᡓ 555 tatakau 㜚 p 291b tatami, tatamu ␚ p 268a tate ⦪ 903 tate ┪ p 240a tatematsuru ዊ p 227a tateru ❧ 37 tateru ᘓ 498 tatoeba, tatoeru 635 tatoeru ႘ p 263b TATSU 㐩 568 tatsu ❧ 37 tatsu ᘓ 498 337 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 337 7/5/13 3:20 PM INDEX OF READINGS tatsu ⤯ 756 tatsu ᩿ 773 tatsu 882 tatsu ❳ p 249b tattobu, tattoi ㈗ 847 tattobu, tattoi ᑛ 939 tawamureru ᡙ p 287a tawara ಥ 796 tayoru 㢗 p 288a tayori ౽ 610 tazuneru ゼ 984 tazuneru ᑜ p 264b tazusaeru ᦠ p 275a te ᡭ 35 TEI య 182 TEI ᘵ 194 TEI 367 TEI ᐃ 371 TEI ᗞ 372 TEI ప 575 TEI ᗏ 576 TEI 577 TEI ᥦ 776 TEI ⛬ 777 TEI ࿊ p 219b TEI ᘐ p 221a TEI p 229b TEI 㑰 p 232b TEI ீ p 234a TEI ᖇ p 236b TEI ゞ p 242a TEI ㈆ p 240a TEI ㏴ p 249b TEI ഄ p 253a TEI ሐ p 264a TEI ⯲ p 277b TEI ⥾ p 289a TEI ㅉ p 294a teisuru ࿊ p 219b TEKI ➜ 373 TEKI ⓗ 578 TEKI 㐺 778 TEKI ᩛ 779 TEKI p 281b TEKI p 282a tekisuru 㐺 778 TEN ኳ 67 TEN ᗑ 195 TEN Ⅼ 196 TEN ㌿ 375 TEN 579 TEN ᒎ 955 TEN ῧ p 257b TEN Ẋ p 275b TEN ሸ p 273b tera ᑎ 149 terasu, tereru, teru ↷ 541 tessuru ᧔ p 287b TETSU 㕲 374 TETSU ㏖ p 232b TETSU ဴ p 244b TETSU ᚭ p 286b TETSU ᧔ p 287b TO ᅵ 19 TO ᅗ 167 TO 㒔 376 TO ᗘ 377 TO Ⓩ 382 TO ᚐ 581 TO ᩯ p 207b TO ྤ p 214b TO ㏵ p 249b TO Ώ p 267b TO ሬ p 273b TO ጊ p 227a TO ㉃ p 294a to ᡞ 120 Tƿ ย 198 Tƿ 199 Tƿ ᙜ 200 Tƿ ᮾ 201 Tƿ ⟅ 202 Tƿ 㢌 203 Tƿ ᢞ 378 Tƿ ㇋ 379 Tƿ ᓥ 380 Tƿ 381 Tƿ Ⓩ 382 Tƿ ➼ 383 Tƿ ⅉ 583 Tƿ ⤫ 780 Tƿ ウ 956 Tƿ ඪ 957 Tƿ ⢾ 958 Tƿ ⣡ 963 Tƿ ฿ p 226a Tƿ ㏨ p 240b Tƿ ಽ p 243b Tƿ p 244a Tƿ ၈ p 244b Tƿ ᱈ p 247b Tƿ ㏱ p 249b Tƿ p 255b Tƿ ┐ p 258b Tƿ 㝡 p 259a Tƿ ሪ p 264a Tƿ ᦚ p 265b Tƿ Ჷ p 266b Tƿ ① p 268a Tƿ ⟄ p 268b Tƿ ✄ p 282b Tƿ ㋃ p 284b Tƿ ㅞ p 296b Tƿ 㜚 p 291b Tƿ 㦐 p 301a tǀ ༑ 10 Tƿ ⸨ p 298a tobasu 㣕 595 tobira ᡬ p 265b toboshii ஈ p 205a tobu 㣕 595 tobu ㊴ p 274a tochi ᰣ p 238a todokeru, todoku ᒆ 959 todokǀru p 276a tǀge ᓘ p 236b togeru 㐙 p 267b togu ◊ 290 toi ၥ 418 tǀi 㐲 85 tojiru 㛢 979 tokasu, tokeru ⁐ p 275b tokeru ゎ 662 toki 151 toko ᗋ p 221a tokoro ᡤ 328 TOKU ㄞ 206 TOKU ≉ 586 TOKU ᚓ 587 TOKU ᚨ 783 TOKU ༏ p 244b TOKU ╩ p 276b TOKU ⠜ p 293a toku ㄝ 553 toku ゎ 662 tomaru, tomeru, tome Ṇ 143 tomaru, tomeru ␃ 824 tomaru, tomeru Ἡ p 231b tomi, tomu ᐩ 801 tomo 234 tomo ඹ 484 tomo ౪ 850 tomonau క p 218a tomurai, tomurau ᘫ p 207b TON ᅋ 772 TON ᒡ p 207b TON ㇜ p 257b TON 㡻 p 280a ton ၥ 418 tonaeru ၐ 538 tonari 㞄 p 288b tono Ẋ p 275b toraeru, toru ᤕ p 247a tori 㫽 190 tora p 233b toraeru ᤊ p 247a tǀru, tǀsu ㏻ 193 toru ྲྀ 317 toru ᥇ 709 toru ᇳ p 254a toru p 287b toshi ᖺ 20 totonoeru, totonou ᩚ 345 totonou ㄪ 369 TOTSU ฝ p 209b TOTSU ✺ p 232b totsugu ᎑ p 273b tou ၥ 418 TSU 㒔 376 tsu ὠ p 239a TSNj ㏻ 193 TSNj ③ 954 tsuba ၚ p 253b tsubasa ⩼ p 296a tsubo ᆤ p 227a tsubu ⢏ p 259a tsubureru, tsubusu ₽ p 288a tsuchi ᅵ 19 tsuchikau ᇵ p 254a tsudou 㞟 324 tsugeru ࿌ 507 tsugi, tsugu ḟ 308 tsugi, tsugu ⥅ p 277a 338 Guide R & W Jpn_203-340.indd 338 7/5/13 3:20 PM [...]... sǀshun, early spring ᡭ᪩࠸ tebayai, quick, nimble 56 6 strokes Sƿ; kusa, grass, vegetation ഐ kusahara (kusawara), grassy plain ⲡ sǀan, draft (of a manuscript) ⲡྲྀࡾ kusatori, weeding ⲡཎ 57 9 strokes SAN; yama, mountain ટ ᒣ㐨 ᒣ⬦ Ⓩᒣ sandǀ, yamamichi, mountain path sanmyaku, mountain range tozan, mountain climbing 58 3 strokes ರ ರ SEN; kawa, river ㇂ᕝ tanigawa, mountain stream ᕝࡤࡓ kawabata, riverside... ௫ saynj, left and right uha, right wing (political) usoku, migigawa, right side Jƿ; ue, top, above, on; kami, upper; nobo(ru), to go up, to go toward Tǀkyǀ; a( geru), to raise; a( garu), to rise ୖὶ ᾏୖ ᕝୖ jǀrynj, upstream, upper class kaijǀ, on the sea, maritime kawakami, upstream KA, GE; shita, bottom, under, beneath; moto, base; shimo, lower; kuda(ru), to go down, to go away from Tǀkyǀ; sa(geru),... reference-type works in Japanese, except that the characters in Grade One alone are ordered on the basis of semantic groupings Each character is typically accompanied by the on reading, then the kun reading and English meaning(s) The context is the best guide as to which reading is appropriate in a given case Also included for each of the 1,006 characters is information regarding the total number of strokes... this revised edition respectfully acknowledge the work of the earlier editions carried out by Florence Sakade and her editorial team, work which has been of assistance to generations of students Grateful acknowledgment is also due to Calvert Barksdale, Nancy Goh, Tan Cheng Har, Flavia Hodges, Tan Mike Tze, Nathan Burrows, Neil Chandler, Bruce Penno, Paul Eagle, Shozo Tsuji, Yasuko Tsuji, and Kazuko Seeley... provide a useful and comprehensive approach to an ever-growing circle of readers and lifelong learners There are many specialists of Japanese who began their study of Japanese with the ¿rst version of this guide and fondly keep that original volume, with its familiar orange and black book jacket, on their shelves My own well-worn copy reminds me of my very ¿rst sensei and the joy that learning and now teaching... teaching of Japanese brings 5 Select Bibliography of Main Works Consulted for This Edition Note: All the books in Japanese listed below have been published in Tokyo Haig, J.H et al (ed.), The New Nelson Japanese- English Character Dictionary Charles E Tuttle, Tokyo, 1997 Henshall, Kenneth G., A Guide to Remembering Japanese Characters Charles E Tuttle, Tokyo, 1988 Maeda, Tomiyoshi Jǀyǀ kanji saishin handobukku... enban, disc ‶ SEKI, SHAKU; aka, aka(i), red; aka(rameru) (v.t.), to color up, to add blush; aka(ramu), to turn red, to blush ㉥ࡕࡷࢇ akachan, baby, infant ㉥༑Ꮠ sekijnjji, Red Cross ㉥㖡 shakudǀ, alloy of copper and gold SEI, SHƿ; ao, ao(i), blue, green, inexperienced 㟷ᖺ seinen, youth 㟷ⓑ࠸ aojiroi, pale 㟷✵ aozora, blue sky 52 8 strokes ཆ HAKU, BYAKU; shiro, shiro(i), white ⓑே ⓑ≧ ⓑ㫽 hakujin, Caucasian... case italics Parentheses used to indicate end-syllable(s) to be written in kana (thus, mi(ru), since this word is conventionally written ॽɥ) ] Common reading is included though it is not a kun reading 3 English meaning(s) given in regular lower case 1 2 Also note the use of a comma after a single on -reading to indicate that it can be used as a stand-alone word, e.g., “ZA, seat ” (i.e., “za” exists as... meeting, site kaichǀ, president (of a society), chairman (of a committee) kaiwa, conversation KAI; umi, sea, ocean ᾏᓊ kaigan, seacoast, seaside ᾏỈᾎ kaisuiyoku, sea bathing ᾏእ kaigai, overseas, abroad 94 9 strokes 19 Guide R & W Jpn_001-202.indd 19 7/5/13 3:25 PM 95–99 • ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS ޤ KAI; E, picture ᾋୡ⤮ ukiyoe, Japanese print ⤮ⴥ᭩ ehagaki, picture postcard ᤄࡋ⤮ sashie, illustration 95 12... sa(geru), to hang (v.t.), to lower; sa(garu), to hang down; kuda(saru), to bestow ᕝୗ kawashimo, downstream ୗရ gehin, vulgar, coarse ᆅୗ㕲 chikatetsu, subway 5 Guide R & W Jpn_001-202.indd 5 7/5/13 3:25 PM 25–29 • ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS DAI, TAI; ǀ(kii), big, large, great Ꮫ daigaku, university, college ኚ taihen, tremendous, serious ᗈ㛫 ǀ-hiroma, grand hall 25 3 strokes ෂ 26 4 strokes ழ CHNj; naka, middle, ... e.g., sara-arai [dishwashing], rather than saraarai; and use of the apostrophe ’ instead of a hyphen after a syllabic nasal ɭ, such as tan’i [unit] (a word of three short syllables, which in kana... SAN; yama, mountain ટ ᒣ㐨 ᒣ⬦ Ⓩᒣ sandǀ, yamamichi, mountain path sanmyaku, mountain range tozan, mountain climbing 58 strokes ರ ರ SEN; kawa, river ㇂ᕝ tanigawa, mountain stream ᕝࡤࡓ kawabata,... senbei), plants and Japanese cultural artifacts and customs, in particular inclusion of auspicious characters for tsuru and kame Previous revisions to the Jǀyǀ kanji list had been made in 1981 and 1946