Thang lai Dong - Kuan 1953 - 1954 da lam cho Nava khong the tap trung Tren ca so phan tich tinh hinh, Trung uong Dang da quyet dinh mo chien luc litgng a Dong bang Bac Bo ma phdi phan tan luc luang dot vai ta a nhung dich Di?n Bien Phii, bien Dien Bien Phii diem "quyet chien chien luge diem xung yen Den day kchoach Nava bu&cdau hipha sdn giiia ta va dich" Chien dich lich six Di?n Bien Phu 1954 c Chien dich Dien Bien Phu Id thang Iqi quan su Ian nhat cua ta a Am muu cua Phdp - Ml viec chiem dong, xay dung tap dodn diem ]chdng chien chang Phdp Dien Bien Phu Trong eugc khang chien chong thuc dan Phap t u nam 1945 den nam 1954, Ngay 20 - n -1953, thuc dan Phap cho quan nhay dii xuong Dien Bien Phu, iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / quan dan ta da gianh dugc nhieu thing Igi tren cac mat tran kinh te, chinh tri, den Dien Bien Phu, cac tuong ta Phap - M I thay rang, Dien Bien Phii la mot quan su va ngoai giao Trong mat tran quan su giii vai tro quye't dinh nhat dja ban rat quan nam giiia canh dong Muong Thanh, xung quanh c6 nui bao Tren mat tran quan su, quan dan ta tung buoc danh bai cac am muu ciia bQC thvrc dan dan Phap de tien len mo chien dich Dien Bien Phii, danh bai hoan Voi vj tri dja l i cua Dien Bien Phu, ve lau dai chung muon bien noi day toan thuc dan Phap, buoc chiing phai ki ket Hiep dinh Gionevo cong nhan doc mot can cu luc quan va khong quan c6 tac dung Igi hai am mun lap chii quyen, thong nhat va toan v?n lanh tho ciia nude ta cung nhu Lao va xam luge Dong Nam A Campuchia 5' De thuc hi#n y do, Phap cho xay dung Di^n Bien Phii tap doan cu Mo dau eugc khang chien, quan dan ta gianh thang Igi eugc chien dau diem manh gom 49 cum cu diem dugc chia phan khu: Phan khu phia Bac, a cac thi t u vT tuyen 16 tro Bac Qua eugc chien dau nay, quan dan ta da phan khu trung tarn Muong Thanh va phan khu Hong Ciim voi phia Nam Ta danh bai am muu "danh l i p " ciia djch, dam bao cho co quan dau nao khang Voi each bo phong nhu vay, cac tuong ta cua Phap - M i deu chii quan cho s/ chien ciia Dang va Chinh phii riit ve chien khu Viet B^e an toan, ehuan bj cho rang Di^n Bien Phii la mot "phao dai khong the cong pha", mot "vecdoong" cua up Tiep la thang Igi chien dich Viet Bac thu - dong nam 1947 Chien man tuyen bo rang: Neu bo doi ta danh len Di?n Bien Phii se khong tranh khoi thang Vi?t Bac thu dong nam 1947, quan dan ta da danh bai am muu "danh /g ro the ki XX, mpt "con nhim khong 16" eiia niii rung Tay Bac va t u chung ngao eugc khang chien lau dai nhanh, thang nhanh" ciia Phap, huge chiing phai chuyen sang danh lau dai voi om bj nghien nat .c b Chu truong ma chien dich Bi^n Bien Phu cua ta ok Truac su pha san buoc dau ke hoach quan su Nava, dich quyet dinh bo xay dung tap doan cu diem manh Di^n Bien Phii, bien Dien Bien Phii ce mpt "phao dai khong the cong pha", "mot vecdoong" ciia the' ki XX "mot fa nhim khong 16" rung niii Tay Bac Va bien Dien Bien Phii trung tam ww doan cu diem Dien Bien Phu w diem cua ke hoach Nava V i vay, muon ket thiic chien tranh phai tieu di^t tap ta Voi chien thang Viet Bac, ta da lam xoay chuyen cue dien tren chien truong Dong Duong, lam thay doi tuong quan luc lugng giOa ta va dich: Djch t u cho danh ta sang the ta danh djch Hay noi each khac, ta t u cho phong ngy chuyen sang the tan cong djch Den chien djch Bien gioi thu - dong nam 1950, ta chii dong mo chien djch danh dich tren duong so Voi thang Igi ciia chien djch Bien gioi da dua eugc khang chien ch6'ng thuc dan Phap ciia quan dan ta chuyen sang mot buoc phat Vao - 12 - 1953, Trung uong Dang da hop va nhan dinh: Dien Bien Wen nhay vgt, mo mot buoc ngoat lich su qua trinh khang chien Phii la tap doan eii diem manh nhung the yeu ciia djch D i f n Bien Phii de bi chong Phap ciia nhan dan ta Thang Igi ciia chien djch Bien gioi thu - dong CO lap, chi tiep te'dugc bang duong khong, neu ta eat dut duong hang khong, nSm 1950, ta da gianh the chii dgng tren chien truong chinh Bac Bg, day djch dich se roi vao the " t u 16" Quan doi ta da truong va c6 kinh nghi^m c6 the danh djch tap doan cu diem Hau phuong ciia ta da viing manh, c6 the kh5c phuc nhving kho khan dam bao chi vi^n cho chien truong the'bj dgng d6i voi ta Trong nhiing nam 1951 - 1953, ta lien tiep mo cac chien dich trung du, 12 - The Trucme Ngpc Thai doan each m a n g xa h p i chii nghia, tao co so de nhan d a n ta giai phong m i e n N a m , t h o n g nhat To quoc sv nao va k h o n g de cho n u a c khac d u n g l a n h t h o ciia m i n h vao vi#c gay chien t r a n h hoac phuc v u m u c d i c h xam luQ-c T h a n g Ipi ciia cupc khang chien da giang d o n nang ne vao t h a m vong xam Vi?t N a m tie'n t o i t h o n g nhat bSng cupc tong t u y e n c u t u d o t r o n g ca niroc, lupc, am m u u no djch ciia chii nghia de'quoc sau Chien tranh the g i o i t h i i hai, se du(?c to chuc vao thang -1956 d u o i sy k i e m soat va g i a m sat va k i e m soat gop p h a n l a m tan he thong thupc dia ciia ehiing, co v u m a n h me tinh than ciia m p t U y ban quoc te (trong d o A n D p l a m chii tjch, c u n g hai n u o c Ba Lan giai p h o n g d a n toe tren the g i o i , truoc het la cac n u a c chau A , chau Phi, MT Latinh va Canada) iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / - Nguyen nhan thSng hi: Trach n h i ^ m t h i hanh H i e p d j n h thupc ve n h i j n g n g u o i k i hi?p d i n h N h o lanh dao sang suot ciia Dang, d u n g dau la C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h , v o i G i o n e v o va n h i r n g n g u o i ke tuc ho d u o n g loi k h a n g chien d i i n g d i n , sang tao Toan dan, toan quan doan ket, - Y n^/iffl Ixch su: d i i n g cam t r o n g chien da'u, t r o n g lao d p n g san xua't H i ^ p d j n h G i o n e v o 1954 ve D o n g D u o n g la v a n ban p h a p l i quoc te ghi N h o h | t h o n g c h i n h quyen dan chii nhan dan t r o n g ca nuoc, co mat tran n h a n cac q u y e n d a n toe ca ban ciia nhan dan cac nuoc D o n g D u o n g va dupe dan tpc t h o n g nhat d u p e c i i n g co va m o rpng, co lue l u p n g v i i trang som d u p e cac c u a n g quoc c u n g cac nuoc t h a m d y H p i n g h i cam ket t o n t r p n g xay d u n g va k h o n g n g i m g Ion manh, co hau p h u a n g rpng lan, v i r n g chae ve N o d a n h da'u thang I p i cupc khang chien chong Phap, song chua t r p n ven v i mpi mat m a i giai p h o n g d u p e m i e n Bac Cupc da'u tranh each m a n g v a n p h a i tiep tuc N h o tinh than doan ket ciia nhan dan ba nuoc D o n g D u o n g chong ke thu ehung n h a m giai p h o n g m i e n N a m , t h o n g nhat dat nuoc Ta N h o CO s u d o n g t i n h , l i n g hp va g i i i p d o ciia T r u n g Quoc, L i e n X6 va eiia V o i H i ^ p d j n h Gionevo, Phap bupc phai chain d i i t chien t r a n h x a m lupc, s/ cac nude dan chii nhan dan khac, ciia nhan dan Phap va loai n g u o i tie'n bp up n i t het q u a n d p i ve nuoc; de'quoc MT that bai t r o n g am m u u keo d a i , m o rpng, Gionevo T r o n g cac n g u y e n nhan neu tren t h i n g u y e n nhan ve su lanh dao ciia Dang, d i i n g dau la C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h la n g u y e n nhan quyet d j n h nhat /g c Biem khac giiia Hiep Ainh So bo voi Hiep dinh ro quoc te'hoa chien t r a n h xam lupc D o n g D u o n g - Nguyen nhan qm/ei dinh nhat: T r o n g cupc k h a n g chien chong thuc dan Phap t r o lai x a m lupc nuoc ta quoc gia t u do, nam t r o n g l i ^ n hiep Phap va t r o n g lien bang D o n g D u o n g Con D a n g ta va C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h da de d u o n g 16! khang chien toan dan, c om H i f p d j n h So bp (6 - - 1946), C h i n h p h i i Phap cong n h ^ n n u o c ta la m o t ok t r o n g H i ? p d j n h G i o n e v o (21 - - 1954 ), Phap va cac nuoc t h a m d u h p i nghi bo cam ket t o n t r p n g dpc lap chii quyen, t h o n g nhat va toan v?n lanh tho ba nuoc ce Dong Duong fa T r o n g liic k i H i ? p d j n h So bp d o ta yeu h o n d i c h nen ta p h a i chap nhan w dieu khoan d o D a y la sach lupc m e m deo de phan hoa ke t h u C o n t r o n g k h i ww k i H i ? p d j n h G i o n e v o ta da gianh dupe thang Ipi quyet d j n h D i ? n Bien Phii, quyet d j n h s u that bai ciia thuc dan Phap D o n g D u o n g So v o i H i ? p d j n h So bp, H i e p d j n h Gionevo la m o t buoc tie'n v u p t bac t r o n g da'u tranh ngoai giao ciia ta Y n g h i a l i c h s u va n g u y e n n h a n t h i n g I g i ciia cupc k h a n g c h i e n c h o n g Phap (1945 - ) - Y ttghia: toan dien, lau dai va t u lue canh sinh D u o n g l o i d o d u p e ap d u n g t r o n g suot tie'n t r i n h each m a n g t u n a m 1946 den nam 1954 N h o co d u o n g loi Dang ta da doan ket d u p e m p t luc l u p n g each mang ciia d o n g dao quan ehiing de thuc hi?n cupc k h a n g chien toan dan va da tie'n hanh khang chien tren cac mat tran k i n h te, c h i n h t r i , v a n hoa, quan su C u n g n h o eo d u o n g loi d o ma D a n g ta lanh dao nhan dan ta chien da'u lau dai, ben b i , lan l u p t d a n h bai tirng am m u u ciia djch de tie'n len d a n h bai hoan toan cupc chien tranh xam lupc ciia thuc dan Phap co s u g i i i p siic ciia M i Su lanh dao ciia D a n g , d i i n g dau la Chii tjch H o C h i M i n h v o i d u o n g 161 each m a n g d i i n g dan da g i i i p cho toan Dang, toan q u a n va toan dan ta doan ket m p t long, chien da'u v i muc tieu dpc lap dan tpc va chii nghia xa h p i Toan Dang, toan quan va toan dan ta chien da'u v o i tinh than "Tha h i sinh tat ca c h i i nhat d j n h k h o n g chju mat nuoc, nhat d j n h khong chju l a m no ie" V o i t i n h ThSng I p i ciia cupc k h a n g chien chong Phap da cha'm d i i t cupc chien tranh than a'y, cupc chien da'u d i i lau dai, dua vao siic m i n h la c h i n h n h u n g ehiing ta x a m lupc, d o n g t h a i cha'm d i i t ach t h o n g trj ciia t h y c dan Phap t r o n g gan m p t da gianh d u p e thang I p i cuoi cung, bupc thuc dan Phap phai cong nhan dpc the k i tren dat n u o c ta; m i e n Bac nuoc ta d u p e giai p h o n g , c h u y e n sang giai Jap chii q u y e n , t h o n g nhat va toan v?n lanh tho ciia ba nuoc D o n g D u o n g 3SidLf&n0HSO irhSCr 12 - Ths Trtrang Ngpc men cAu Hbi Cdu T u sau riit khoi thi den truoc chien dich Viet Bac thu - dong O N T(=IP nam 1947, ta da lam gi dechuan bi cho cuoc khang chien lau dai? Cau Tinh hinh nude ta sau Cach mang thang Tarn c6 nhung thuan M va Cdu 10 So sanh chien thang Viet Bac thu - dong 1947 va chien djch Bien gidi kho khan gi? Neu kho khan Ion nha't dua nuoc ta dung truoc tinh the nhu thu - dong 1950, theo cac tieu chi sau: "ngan can treo sgi toe" Tieu chi so sanh Cdu Vai tro cua quan chiing nhan dan dupe the h i f n nhu the nao 1) vi?c giai quyet nhung kho khan ve do'i npi sau Cach mang thang Tarn iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / 3) Qiai phong da't dai nhu the nao doi voi Phap hai thoi k i : truoc - - 1946 va t u - -1946? dau tranh bao v^ 4) Y nghla quan chinh quyen thoi ki t u thang -1945 den thang 12 nam 1946? nhat ciia thang loi Cdu CUQC khang chien toan quoc chong thuc dan Phap biing no Cdu 11 Tai noi sau chien thing Bien gidi thu - dong nam 1950 cupc 19 - 12 - 1946 hoan canh nhu the nao? Phan tich npi dung co ban ciia khang chien ciia ta budc sang giai doan phat trien Ta duong 161 khang chien chong Phap ciia Dang ta Cdu 12 T u sau chien thang Bien gidi thu - ddng nam 1950 den truoc dong - /g ro qua trinh khang chien Cdu Lap bang thong ke ve duong 161 khang chien chong Phap cua Dang ta up Duong 161 khang chien toan dan va toan di^n duoc the hien nhu the nao s/ Cdu Phan tich duong 161 khang chien chong thyc dan Phap ciia Dang ta om theo yeu cau duoi day: c Npi dung ok 1) Nghj quyet Hpi nghj Ban bo Thuong vy Trung uong Dang ce 18 va 19 - 12 - 1946) 3) Thu cua Ho Chi Minh 21 - -1946 4) Tac pham Khang chien nhat djnh thing w Chi Minh dem 19 - -1946 ww khang chien ciia Chii tjch Ho fa 2) Loi keu gQi toan quoc tan khoi vung chien Cdu Dang va Chinh phii each mang da thuc hi|n chii truong, sach lug-c Cac van ki?n dong Chien dich bien gioi 2) Quan djch bi loai ta sau Cach m^ng thang Tarn nam 1945 CUQC Chii Chien dich Vi^t Bic c6ng dich Cdu Phan tich tinh diing dSn va sang tao ve duong loi doi ngoai cua Dang Cdu Y nghia thang Igi va bai hpc kinh nghi?m cua |i,, xuan 1953 - 1954, hau phuong khang chien da phat trien nhu the nao tren cac m^t chinh tri, kinh te^ van hoa, giao due, y te? Cdu 13 Chung minh the chii dpng danh dich tren chien truong rhinh Bac Bp cua quan ta van dupe giir vung sau chien thang Bien gidi thu - dong nam 1950 den trudc dong - xuan 1953 - 1954 Cdu 14 Lap nien bieu nhung thang Ipi tieu bieu aia nhan ta tren cac mat tran quan su, chinh tri - ngoai giao, kinh te - tai chinh khang chien chong thye dan Phap tir sau thu - dong n3m 1950 den trudc ddng - xuan 1953 - 1954 theo bang thdng ke Thai gian Tu cu61 nam Quan syt 1950 den giua nam 1951 Igi ciia Truong Chinh vao 3-1947 Tu giiia thang 11 - Npi dung va phuong cham 1951 den cuol thang cua cupc khang chien -1952 Chinh tri - K i n h te - tai ngoai giao chinh T u CAuyen de 4: 14 - 10 - 1952 den 10-12 I C A C H M A N G M I E N B A G T l / N A M 1954 D E N N A M -1952 18 g i n vet t h u o n g c h i e n t r a n h - - * Hoan cai each ruong 1953 dat Can c u vao hoan canh thuc te'mien Bac va nham dap u n g yeu cau ve q u y e n nam 1951 den Igi k i n h te, c h i n h t r i ciia n o n g dan, cung co khoi lien m i n h cong nong, m o rgng iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / Tit 1975 T h a i k i - : H o a n t h a n h cai each r u p n g dat, k h o i phue k i n h te, h a n T u - - 1953 den VIET NAM T U 1954 D^N NAM 1975 n a m 1953 mat tran dan tgc t h o n g nha't D a n g va C h i n h p h u quyet d j n h "Day m a n h phat d g n g quan c h i i n g thuc hien cai each r u g n g dat" Thuc hi^n chu t r u o n g cua T r u n g uong, hai nam (1954 - 1956), mien Bac Cau 15 T i n h bay dien bie'n cupc tien cong chien \\xqic D o n g - Xuan 1953 - tien hanh cai each rugng dat 3314 xa thugc 22 tinh dong b5ng va trung d u 1954 ciia q u a n dan ta Q u a d g t cai each r u g n g dat, da tjch thu t r u n g inua khoang 81 van hecta Cdu 16 Chien d j c h lich sir D i e n Bien Phii d u g c chuan bj va gianh thang Igi r u g n g dat, 10 v a n n g h i n trau bo, 1,8 trieu nong cu t u tay giai cap dja ehii d e m n h u the'nao? Y nghla cua chien thang Dien Bien P h i i cho tren trieu hg n o n g dan lao d g n g Cau 17 H a y c h u n g m i n h : D i f n Bien Phii la thang Igi quan sy Ion nha't cua ta Ke't qua: Giai cap dja ehii can ban bj xoa bo N o n g dan da lam chu nong thon, khang chien chong Phap va la thang Igi quyet d i n h bugc thuc dan Phap nguyen vgng lau d o i ciia nong dan la "ngifffi cay co riion;^" da dugc thuc hien s/ Ta phai cha'm d u t chien tranh xam luge D o n g D u o n g ro H i e p d j n h G i o n e v o (21 -7 -1954 ) de thay buoc tien ciia ta t r o n g da'u tranh up Cau 18 N e u d i e m khac co ban gii>a H i e p d j n h So bg (6 - - 1946) v o i /g ngoai giao? om Cau 19 Phan tich boi canh Ijch su cac giai doan phat trien cua cugc khang c chien chong Phap ciia nhan dan ta tir nam 1946 den nam 1954 ok Cdu 20 Cugc da'u tranh tren ITnh vuc ngoai giao d u g c the h i ^ n n h u the'nao bo t r o n g cugc khang chien chong Phap t u nam 1946 den n a m 1954? ce Cdu 21 N e u n h i r n g th^ng i g i ve quan su ciia quan dan ta t r o n g cugc khang fa chien chong Phap (1946 - 1954) Phan tich mot th^ng Igi quyet d j n h nha't ww w Cdu 22 V a n de r u g n g dat cho dan cay d u g c D a n g ta de va thuc h i ^ n n h u the'nao t r o n g cugc khang chien chong Phap (1946 - 1954)? Tac d u n g cua vi^c thuc hi^n van de r u g n g dat dan cay d o i v o i cugc khang chien Sai l a m : Da'u to ea nhOng n g u o i co cong v o i each m a n g , q u y n h a m m o t so' nong dan, can bg, d a n g vien dja c h i i * Khoi phuc kinh te, han gan vet thuong chien j• tranh Cong cugc k h o i phuc k i n h te d u g c toan dan tich cue h u o n g l i n g va trien khai t r o n g ta't ca cac nganh T r o n g n o n g nghiep, nong dan hang hai khai khan r u g n g dat bo hoang, bao d a m cay cay he't r u g n g dat vang chu, tang t h e m dan trau bo, sam them cong cu H e thong de dieu da d u g c tu bo N h i e u cong t r i n h t h u y n o n g m o i d u g c xay d y n g , CO tac d y n g m o rgng dien tich t u o i va tieu nuoc i , T r o n g cong nghiep, giai cap cong n h a n da nhanh chong k h o i phuc va m o hau he't cac co so cong nghiep D e n c u o i n a m 1957, mien B^c co ta't ca 97 nha may, x i nghiep Ion nho N h a nuoc quan l i Cac nganh thu cong nghiep m i e n Bac cung dugc k h o i phuc nhanh chong Den n a m 1957, nganh t h i i cong nghiep da cung cap gan 59% so hang hoa cong nghiep t r o n g ca nuoc, giai quyet phan nao vi^c l a m cho n g u o i lao d g n g T r o n g t h u o n g nghiep, he t h o n g m a u djch quoc d o a n h va h g p tac xa mua ban d u g c m o rgng, da cung cap cang nhieu mat hang cho nhan dan; giao l u u hang hoa giira cac dia p h u o n g cang phat trien; hoat d g n g ngoai t h u o n g dan dan tap t r u n g vao tay N h a nuoc Den cuoi nam 1957, mien Bac dat quan he b u o n ban v o i 27 nuoc Giao t h o n g van tai duoc chii trong, k h o i phuc gan 700km d u o n g sat, sua T h o i k i 1961 - 1965: Xay dung buoc dau co so vat chat, k l thuat ciia chu chua va l a m m o i hang n g h i n kilomet d u a n g to, xay d u n g va m a r p n g them nghia xa hpi m p t so cang n h u H a i Phong, C a m Pha, Ben T h u y ; d u o n g hang k h o n g dan * D a i hpi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thu I I I ciia D a n g (thang - 1960) d y n g quoc teduQC k h a i thong Van • - Hoan earth: Gi&a liic each m a n g hai m i e n N a m - Bac co n h i r n g b u o c tien hoa giao due d u g c day m a n h N e n giao due d u g c phat t r i e n theo quan t r g n g D a n g Lao d g n g Vi#t N a m to chiic D a i h g i dai bieu toan quoc Ian t h u I I I D a i hgi h g p t u den 10 - -1960 H a N o i h u o n g xa h o i c h i i nghla He t h o n g giao due t h o n g theo c h u o n g t r i n h 10 - Noi dung Dai hpi iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / n a m da d u g c k h a n g d i n h , giao due dai hoc dugc ehii y phat t r i e n H e t h o n g y te eham soc sue koe cho nhan dan d u g c N h a nuoe q u a n t a m xay Dai hgi de n h i e m v u chien luge ciia each m a n g ca nuoe va n h i e m v y ciia d y n g N e p song lanh m a n h , g i i i g i n v ^ sinh dugc van d g n g thue hien khap each m a n g t u n g m i e n ; chi ro v j t r i , vai tro ciia each m a n g t u n g m i e n , m o i quan mgi noi h? givea each m a n g hai m i e n Cach m a n g xa hgi chii nghla m i e n Bac co v a i tro T r o n g giai doan nay, c h i n h q u y e n va quan d g i d u g c eiing co, tang cuong quye't d j n h nhat d o i v a i s u phat trien ciia each m a n g ca nuoe Cach m a n g dan kha nang phong t h u dat nuac, m o rgng quan he ngoai giao M a t tran To quoc tgc dan chii nhan dan m i e n N a m co vai tro quye't d i n h true tiep d o i v o i s u lap thang -1955 da tang cuong khoi dai doan ket dan tgc xay d u n g dat nuoe nghiep giai p h o n g m i e n N a m T h a i k i 1958 - 1960: C a i tao quan h f san xuat, b u o c dau phat trien k i n h te - Cach m a n g hai m i e n co quan h ^ mat thie't, gan bo va tac d g n g Ian van hoa n h a m hoan t h a n h cugc each m a n g dan tgc dan chii nhan d a n t r o n g ca nuoe, T r o n g n a m tiep theo (1958 - 1960), m i e n Bae lay cai tao xa h g i chii nghla thue h i ^ n hoa b i n h t h o n g nhat dat nuoe Ta l a m t r g n g t a m : cai tao d o i v a i eong nhiep, t h i i eong nghiep, t h u a n g nghiep ro Thue hien chii t r u o n g tren, k h a p n o i soi noi p h o n g trao t h i d u a xay d u n g up n o n g nghiep s/ nho, eong t h u o n g nghiep t u ban t u doanh, t r o n g d o k h a u c h i n h la h g p tac hoa /g h g p tac xa Cugc van d g n g h g p tac xa nong nghiep d u g c tien hanh theo om n g u y e n tac t u n g u y e n , eung co Igi va quan l i dan chii; t u n g b u o c d u a n g u o i c n o n g dan vao l a m an tap the d i tir to d o i eong len h g p tac xa bac thap, den bac ok cao, t u quy m o nho den q u y m o Ion bo Do'i v o l t u san d a n toe, cai tao hang p h u a n g phap hoa b i n h , s u d u n g mat D a i hgi t h o n g qua Bao cao c h i n h t r i , bao cao sua chira d o i D i e u 1^ D a n g va t h o n g qua ke'hoaeh N h a nuoe n a m t h i i nhat (1961 -1965) n h a m xay d u n g buoc dau CO so vat chat - k l thuat eiia chii nghla xa h g i , thue h i ^ n m g t buoc eong nghiep hoa xa h g i chii nghla am * n D a i hgi bau Ban Chap hanh T r u n g u o n g m o i eiia D a n g H o C h i M i n h dugc bau l a m C h i i tjch Dang, Le D a n giu chiic Bi t h u t h i i nhat ciia D a n g - Y nghla: D a i hgi dai bieu toan quoc Ian t h i i I I I eiia D a n g " n g u o n anh sang m o i , luc l u g n g m o i cho toan D a n g va toan dan ta xay d u n g thang Igi chii nghla xa hgi a m i e n Bac va da'u tranh thue hien hoa b i n h tho'ng nhat nuoe nha" * M i e n O i c thue h i ? n ke hoach Nha nuoe nam (1961 -1965) hgp doanh N h i ^ m v u co ban ciia ke'hoaeh n a m la sue phat trien eong nghiep va w fa ce tieh eye eiia t u san dan toe, d u a hg vao l a m an tap the d u o i h i n h thue eong t u ww D o i v o i l u c l u g n g tieu t h u o n g , tieu chii, t h g t h i i eong, d u a vao eon d u o n g lam an tap the t r o n g cac h g p tac xa t h i i eong nghiep, h g p tac xa m u a ban Ket qua cai tao la da xoa bo co ban che'dg n g u o i boc lot n g u o i , co tac d u n g thiie day san xuat phat trien, nhat la dieu kien ehie'n tranh, h g p tac xa da bao d a m d o i song vat chat, t i n h than cho nhtrng n g u o i d i chien da'u, phyc v u chien d a u D o n g t h o i v a i n h i e m v u cai tao xa hgi chii nghTa, eong nghiep quoc doanh d u g c u u tien dau t u xay d u n g D e n n a m 1960, m i e n Bac co 172 xf nghiep Ian d o t r u n g u o n g q u a n l i , tren 500 x i nghiep d o dja p h u o n g q u a n l i n o n g nghiep, tiep tuc eong cugc cai tao xa hgi chu nghla, c i i n g co va tang c u o n g p h a n k i n h te'quoc doanh, cai thien mot buoc d o i song vat chat va van hoa ciia nhan d a n lao d g n g , eiing c o q u o c p h o n g , tang c u o n g trat t u va an n i n h xa h g i T r o n g k i n h te^ nganh eong nghiep d u g c u u tien dau t u xay d u n g T r o n g n o n g nghiep, sau k h i dua dai bg phan n o n g dan vao cac h g p tac xa n o n g nghiep, t u n a m 1961, cac dja p h u a n g thue hien chii t r u o n g xay d u n g h g p tac xa san xuat n o n g nghiep bac cao '' ' T h u o n g nghiep quoc doanh d u g c N h a nuoe u u tien phat trien nen da chiehi * iTnh t h i t r u o n g , gop p h a n phat trien k i n h te C l i n g co quan h? san xuat m o i , on d j n h va cai t h i ^ n d o i song nhan dan 134 135 thong giao thong ctuang bq>, duong sat, duong lien tinh, lien huy?n, SO kinh te^ cong trinh van hoa, giao due, y te ma nhan dan ta da tao nen hon 10 nam truoc co CO duong song, duong hang khong dug-c cung co Vi^c di lai nuoc va giao thong quoc tethuan Igi hon * M i e n BSc vvra san xuat, vira chien dau chong chien tranh pha hoai thong giao due tu thong den dai hoc phat trien manh Mien Bac chuyen mgi hoat dgng sang thoi chien, thuc hien quan sii hoa thong y te, cham lo sue khoe dugc dau tu phat trien Nhiing loai dich toan dan Mien Bic vua san sang chong lai hanh dgng danh pha ciia MT vua b^nh a mien Bac co ban dugc xoa bo lao dgng san xuat Quan doi nhan dan Viet Nam dugc xay dung tung buoc quan dgi i iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / Trong chien dau, mien Bac da ban roi va pha huy 243 may bay MT; ban chinh quy va buoc dau dugc trang bj hien dai, du sue bao ve vung chic mien chay va chim 143 tau chien MT Ngay - 11 - 1968, MT tuyen bo ngung h l n Bac va dap ung nhu cau cang tang cua each mang mien Nam chien tranh pha hoai mien Bac Nhi>ng tuu dat dugc viec thuc hien ke hoach nam (1961 - Trong san xuat, mien Bic lap dugc nhi>ng tich quan trgng: Trong 1965) va noi chung 10 nam (1954 - 1964) da thay doi bg mat xa hgi mien nong nghifp, dien tich canh tac mo rgng, nang sua't lao dgng khong ngung Bic Tai Hoi n;^hi Chinh tri dqc biet thcin^ - 3964, Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh noi: tang len Trong cong nghi^p, nang luc san xuat mot so nganh dugc giO vOng "Trong 10 nam qua, mien BMc nuoc ta da tien hanh buoc dai chua tung thay cac CO so cong nghiep Ion kjp thoi so tan Cong nghiep dja phuong va cong Ijch su dan tgc Dat nuoc, xa hgi va nguoi deu doi moi" nghiep quoc phong deu phat trien Thai ki 1965 - 1968: Mien BIC vira san xuat vira chien dau chong chien * Mien Bac thuc h i ^ n nghia vu hau phuong Ion tranh pha hoai Ian thu nhat cua M i La hau phuong Ion cua khang chien chong mT cuu nuoc, mien Bic luon * M l tien hanh chien tranh khong quan va hai quan pha hoai mien Bac Ta huong ve mien Nam Vi mien Nam rugt thjt, mien Bic phah dau "Moi n^u&i Cuoi nam 1964 dau nam 1965, dong thoi voi day manh chien tranh xam s/ ro mien BSc Ngay - - 1964 sau dung len "sic kicn Vinh BSc Bo", MT cho may lam vice bang hai" Vi tien tuyen keu ggi, hau phuong san sang danh dap lai up luge mien Nam MT mo rgng chien tranh khong quan va hai quan pha hoai "Thoc khong thieu mot can, quan khong thieu mot ngitvi" Tuyen duong van chuyen chien luge Bic - Nam mang ten Ho Chi Minh tren bp (dgc day nui Truong Son) va tren bien (dgc theo bo bien) b i t dau khai thong h> Binh), Vinh - Ben Thuy (Nghf An), Lach Truong (Thanh Hoa), thj xa Hon Gai thang -1959, dai hang nghin cay so, da noi lien hau phuong voi tien tuyen om /g bay nem bom bSn pha mot so noi mien Bac, nhu cua song Gianh (Quang Qua hai tuyen duong van chuyen chien luge do, nam (1965 - 1968) mien Bac da dua hon 300.000 can bg, bg dgi vao mien Nam tham gia chien doanh trai quan M i Playku, MT cho may bay nem bom b i n pha thj xa Dong dau, phuc vu chien dau, xay dung kinh te^ van hoa tai cac vung giai phong, va Hoi, dao Con Co (Quang Binh) , chinh thi>c gay cugc chien tranh bSng cijng da gui vao Nam hang chuc van tan vu khi, dan dugc, quan trang, quan ok - 1965, lay co "tra dua" viec quan giai phong mien Nam tien cong w fa khong quan va hai quan pha hoai mien Bac (Ian thu nhat) ce bo Ngay 7-2 c (Quang Ninh) Tien hanh chien tranh pha hoai, M I am muu pha tiem luc kinh te, quoc dyng, xang dau, luong thuc, thuc pham, thuoc men va nhieu vat dung khac Tinh chung site nguoi, sue cua t u mien Bac chuyen vao Nam nam da tSng gap 10 Ian so voi thoi ki truoc chi vi^n tu ben ngoai vao mien BSc va tu mien Bac vao mien Nam; uy hiep tinh Thoi k i 1969 - 1973: Mien Bic khoi phuc va phat trien k i n h te - xa hpi, ww phong, pha cong cugc xay dung chu nghai xa hgi mien Bac; ngan chan nguon than, lam lung lay y chi chong M I cua nhan dan ta hai mien dat nuoc May bay, tau chien MT nem bom, b i n pha lien tuc, k h i p mgi noi, mgi liic, mgi thoi tiet, voi cuong cang tang Trung binh moi co 300 Ian chie'c may bay di gay tgi ac voi 1600 tan bom dan trut xuong cac lang mac, chien dau chong chien tranh pha hoai Ian t h u hai ciia M i * Mien Bic khoi phuc va phat trien kinh te - xa hgi Tren khap mien Bac day len phong trao thi dua hgc tap, cong tac, lao dgng in xuat, n h i m truoc het khoi phyc va phat trien kinh te - xa hgi xa, Bom dgn cau chiing ta da cuop di biet bao sinh mang va gay thuong Trong nong nghiep, ta co mgt so chu truong khuyen khich san xua't Chan tich cho bao nhieu nguoi khac Bom dan cua chiing da tan pha biet bao cua cai f i i o i dugc dua len nganh chinh Cac hop tac xa tich cue ap dung tieh bg «^oa hgc kT thuat, nhieu bifn phap tham canh tang vu Nho do, nhieu hgp tac * So sanh hai cupc chien tranh pha hoai cua MT mien BSc xa dat duQc m u c tieu tan, m o t so h o p tac xa dat tir den tan San luQng l u o n g thuc n a m 1970 tang Hon 60 van tan so v o i nam 1968 T i e u c h i so sanh T r o n g Cong nghiep, nhieu ca so cong nghiep t r u n g u o n g va dja p h u o n g tar, C h i e n t r a n h pha hoai Ian C h i e n t r a n h p h a h o a i Ian t h u nhat t h u hai pha dugc k h o i p h y c nhanh chong N h i e u cong t r i n h dang l a m dang d o duoc UTJ tien dau t u xay d u n g tiep, d u a vac heat d o n g danh pha -1968 Q u y m o danh D a n h pha m g t so' n o i pha m i e n B^c, He thong giao thong van tdi, nha't la cac tuyen giao t h o n g chien lup-c, h\a hoai nang ne d u g c k h a n t r u a n g k h o i phuc gian song nhan dan o n d j n h M o t so kho khan sai lam k h u y e t d i e m cua ta chi dao, quan l i k i n h te - xa hoi buoc dau dugc khac phuc I V cu N g a y 16 - - 1972, N i c h - x o n tuyen bo'chinh thuc gay cugc chien tranh k h o n g q u a n va hai quan pha hoai m i e n Bac (Ian t h u hai); den - - 1972, N h o d u g c chuan bj t r u o c va v a i t u the l u o n l u o n san sang chien d a u , mien A m m u u Den - - 1972, t u y e n Thuy Hon bo phong toa cang Hai Phong cung cac cua song, (Quang N i n h ) N g a y - l u o n g lach, v i i n g bien mien - 1965, Bac danh pha thj xa Co N g a y 14 - 12 - Nichxon hoach phe ma 1972, chuan cugc tap ke kich k h o n g quan bang m a y bay B52 tiem luc k i n h te^ phong, pha cong /g om xa h g i m i e n Bac vao Ha N g i va Hai ce hoai Ian t h u hai ( t u - - 1972 den 15 - - 1973), m i e n Bac ban r o i 735 may bay fa M l (trong c6 61 may bay B52, 10 may bay F i l l ) , ban c h i m 125 tau chien loai chien tranh pha hoai Ian t h u nha't C u u nguy cho chien luge G i a n h thang Igi quye't d j n h ve quan su, bugc ta phai m i e n Bac va t u m i e n Bac chap nhan d a m phan h g i vao m i e n N a m n g h i Pari theo n h i r n g dieu t u ben ngoai U y hie'p t i n h than, lam w cugc vao vifn Nhu " V i ^ t N a m hoa chien tranh" N g a n chan n g u o n chi c ok xa cugc xay d u n g chii nghai va da danh bai hoan toan cugc tap kich k h o n g quan cua M I , lam nen tran Dicii bo thi (Thanh Gai quoc Q u a n dan ta m i e n B3c da danh tra djch n h i i n g d o n d i c h dang t u tran dau khoan c6 Igi cho M I l u n g lay y chi chong M I ww Dien Bien Phu tren khong la tran thang quye't d j n h cua ta, da bugc M i phai cua t u y e n b o ' n g i r n g han cac hoat d o n g chong pha m i e n Bac (15 - - 1973) va H i # p djnh Pari ve cham d u t chien tranh, lap lai hoa b i n h o V i ^ t N a m (27 - -1973) (Ngh^ An), Truong Pha vac H a N g i va H a i Phong bat dau t u chieu toi 18 den het 29 - -1972 bay F i l l ) , bat song 43 p h i cong M I T i n h chung, t r o n g ca cugc chien tranh pha may bay n e m b o m ban pha Phong ro up s/ N g a y 14 - 12 - 1972, gan thang sau k h i tuyen b o ' n g u n g nem b o m ban pha N g a y - - 1972, M I cho - Ben Ta Bac da c6 the chu d o n g , k j p t h o i chong tra djch t u tran d a u Bien Phu tren khong Ta da ban r o i 81 may bay (trong 34 may bay B52, may n h u cua song (Quang Binh) m i e n Bac T u - - 1972 den 15 - 1973 D o n g H a i , dao Con t u y e n bo p h o n g toa cang H a i Phong ciing cac cua song, l u o n g lach, v i i n g bien N i c h - x o n phe chuan ke'hoach m o cugc tap kich k h o n g quan bang may bay B52 1-11 m g t so' n o i thugc k h u I V cu Hoa), N g a y - - 1972, MT cho may bay nem b o m ban pha m g t so' n o i thugc khu m i e n Bac t u v i t u y e n 20 t r o ra, de ho t r g cho m u u c h i n h trj - ngoai giao m o i , 1964 den Gianh (Quang Binh), V i n h Lach * M i e n Bac vvra chien dau chong chien tranh pha hoai vira san xuat k h o i v o n g chien dau hang t r a m p h i cong M i Tu - - iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / Van hod, giao due, y te, cung nhanh chong d u g c k h o i phuc va phat trien D6i Thai nhan dan ta a hai m i e n dat nuac * M i e n Bac thyc h i ^ n nghia vu hau phuong Ion Ket qua chien T r o n g d i e u k i ^ n t u o n g doi hoa b i n h , ca chien t r a n h pha hoai, mien dau T r o n g nam ( t u - - Da ban r o i 81 may bay den - 11 - 1968), (trong d o 34 may bay B52, m i e n Bac ban r o i va pha may bay F i l l ) , bat song 43 t h o i hau qua cua n h i i n g tran danh pha ac l i ^ t , v u g t qua n h u n g cugc bao vay h u y 3243 may bay, p h i cong M I T i n h chung, p h o n g toa gat gao ciia djch, bao d a m tiep nhan tot hang vien t r g t u ben ngoai k h o i v o n g chien dau hang t r o n g ca cugc chien va chi v i ^ n theo yeu cau cua tien t u y e n mien N a m , c6 ca chien t r u a n g Lao va n g h i n p h i cong M i , ban pha hoai Ian t h u hai ( t u 6-4- Bac da tap t r u n g I a n kha nang ve luc l u g n g va p h u o n g t i ^ n de khac phuc kjp cua quan dan m i e n Bac 1964 loai tranh Campuchia I-JO Lty INRHM7VUVVH Khang Vm chay, ban chim 143 tau chie'n 1972 den 15 -1 -1973), mien II C A C H M A N G M I E N N A M T l / N A M 1954 D E N N A M 1975 Bac ban roi 735 may bay Thoi k i tu- nam 1954 den nam 1960: Mien Nam dau tranh chong che dp M I - Ngay - n - 1968, MI MT (trong c6 61 may bay pi^m, giu gin va phat trien luc lupng each mang, tie'n toi phong trao "Dong k h o i " tuyen bo ngung han chie'n B52, 10 may bay F i l l ) , ban a Daii tranh chong che Mi - Diem, giii gin vd phat trien luc luqtng each tranh pha hoai mien Bac ch\ 125 tau chie'n loai khoi inang (1954 vong chie'n dau hang tram -1960) Ngay tu thang - 1954, nhan ro de quoc MT la tro luc chinh ngan can viec l^p lai hoa binh Dong Duong va dang tro ke thu chinh, true tie'p ciia Buoc MT phai tuyen bo nhan dan Dong Duong Trung uong Dang de cho each mang mien Nam ngung han cac hoat dong nhiem vu chuyen cupc dau tranh vu trang chong Phap truoc sang dau tranh chong pha mien Bac va ki chinh tri cho'ng MT - Diem, doi chung thi hanh Hiep djnh Gionevo 1654 ve Hiep djnh Pari ve cham dut Dong Duong, giO gin va phat trien each mang iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / phi cong Ml chie'n tranh, lap lai hoa binh Mo dau la "phong trao hoa binh" Viet Nam »" cua tri thuc va cua tang lop nhan dan Sai Gon - C h o L o n thang 8-1954 T h o i k i tu nam 1973 den nam 1975: Mien Bac khoi phuc va phat trien ' fJwi, |||; Thang 11 - 1954, MT - Diem tie'n hanh khiing bo, dan ap, lung bat cac nha k i n h te, sue chi v i f n cho mien Nam lanh dao phong trao Nhung phong trao dau tranh vi muc tieu hoa binh cua Hiep djnh Pari nam 1973 ve Viet Nam, quan MI buoc phai rut khoi nuoc ta, Ta cac tang lop nhan dan tie'p tuc dang cao, Ian rpng, loi cuon hang trieu nguoi tham gia, gom tat ca cac tang lop nhan dan, cac dang phai, cac dan tpc it s/ lam thay doi so sanh lire lupng d mien Nam c6 Igi cho each mang Mien Bac tro nguoi hinh nen mat tran chong MT - Diem up lai hoa binh, tie'n hanh khac phuc hau qua chie'n tranh, khoi phuc va phat trien * Muc tieu phong trao: ro kinh te - xa hpi, siic chi vien cho tien tuyen mien Nam Dau tranh vua doi MT - Diem thi hanh Hiep dinh Gionevo, doi hiep thuong /g Sau hai nam (1973 - 1974), ve co ban mien B^c khoi phuc xong cac co so tong tuyen cir thong nhat dat nuoc om kinh te^ cac he thong thuy nong, mang luoi giao thong, cac cong trinh van hoa, dan ap, chong chie'n djch "to cong," diet cong" ciia chiing, doi cac quyen tu do, ok Den cuoi nam 1974, san xua't cong nghiep, nong nghiep tren mot so mat tran dan sinh, dan chii bo quan da dat vupt muc nam 1964 va nam 1971 la hai nam dat muc cao * H'lnh thi'fc: Dau tranh giii gin chinh trj, hoa binh chuyen sang dau tranh vu ce nhat 20 nam xay dung chu nghia xa hoi mien Bac ^ Chong cai gpi la "tnmg can dan i/" cua Diem, cho'ng MT - Diem khung bo', c giao due, y \&, kinh te'co buoc phat trien '" trang tu ve, roi dung bao luc each mang fa Thirc hien nghia vu hau phuong, hai nam 1973 - 1974, mien Bac dua ii!; b Phong trao "Dong kh&i" (1959 - 1960) nien xung phong, can bo chuyen mon, nhan kl thuat dot xua't hai * Nguyen nhan bung no thang dau nam 1975 Mien Bac gap rut dua vao mien N a m 57.000 bo dpi (trong Trong nhirng nam 1957 - 1959, each mang mien N a m gap muon van kho ww w vao chie'n truong mien Nam, Campuchia, Lao gan 20 van bo dpi, hang van khan Ngo Dinh Diem ban hanh dao luat dat cong san ngoai vong phap luat tong so 108.000 bp dpi ciia ke'hoach dpng vien 1975) Ve vat chat - k! thuat, mien B3c da co nhirng no luc phi thuang, dap ung Luat 10/59 (thang - 1959) cho phep tay sai Diem th^ng tay gie't hai bat cu day du va kip thoi nhu cau to Ion va cap bach cua cupc tong tie'n cong chien nguoi yeu nuoc nao hoac bat cii co bieu hien chong lai chiing, lam cho hang lupc mien Nam Van can bp, dang vien bj gie't hai, hang chuc van dong bao yeu nuoc bj tu day * y n^hia: Kjp thoi phuc vu cho cupc Tong tie'n cong va noi day giai phong ^Cupc dau tranh ciia nhan dan ta o mien Nam doi hoi co mpt bi^n phap quyet iiet de dua each mang vupt qua kho khan thir thach hoan toan mien N a m nam 1975 Chuan bj mpi dieu ki^n thuan Ipi cho vi^c tie'p quan viing giai phong sau chien tranh ke't thiic Tie'p tuc the hi#n vai tro ciia hau phuang Ion doi voi tien tuyen Ion I • -' ' '''''' Thang - 1959, Hpi nghj Ian thir 15 Ban Chap hanh Trung uong quyet djnh ![...]... u a san sang chong lai hanh dong danh pha ciia M7 vua lao dong ^ a n xua't 3Si difdng H5G Ljch SCr 12 - Ths Tnrone Ngpc Thai Cty TNHH MTV PWH Khang Vi^t T r o n g chie'n da'u, m i e n Bac da ban r o i va pha b u y 3. 2 43 m a y bay MT; ban Dink cao la cuoc Td'ng tien cong va noi day Te't Mau Than nam 1968 chay va c h i m 1 43 tau chien M I N g a y 1 - 11 - 1968, M i t u y e n bo n g u n g h5n Cupc t... ke't chie'n da'u chong M I T u ngay 30 - 4 den ngay 30 - 6 -1970, q u a n d p i Viet N a m c6 s u p h o i h p p ciia 0quan dan C a m p u c h i a da dap tan cupc hanh quan x a m l u p c Campuchia va quan d p i Sai Gon, loai k h o i v o n g chien da'u 17.000 djch, giai p h o n g n h i e u v i m g I ' 9 n g Ion dat dai v o i 4,5 trieu dan Tir ngay 12 - 2 den ngay 23 - 3 - 1 9 7 1 , quan d p i V i | t N... va cua 6 T h a i k i tvr nam 1969 den nam 19 73: L a m cho t i n h than chien d a u cua quan d p i Sai G o n them hoang m a n g , mat t i n h than chien d a u Mien Nam dau tranh chong chinh sach " b i n h dinh, laun chiem", tao the va Ivc tien toi giai phong hoan toan mien Nam V o l H i ^ p d i n h Pari n a m 19 73, ta "ddnh cho Mi cut" N g a y 29 - 3 - 19 73, toan C h u n g to kha nang m o i cua quan... (vac cac ngay 10 va 12 - 3) , h$ t h o n g p h o n g anh q u a n v u p t qua tuyen phong t h i i v o n g ngoai cua d j c h tien vao t r u n g tarn i Gon, danh chiem cac co quan dau nao ciia chung thu cua djch 6 Tay N g u y e n r u n g chuyen, quan djch mat tinh than, hang ngO ro'i loan 10 g i o 45 p h u t ngay 30 - 4, xe tang ciia ta tien thang vao D i n h Dpc Lap, bat N g a y 14 - 3 - 1975, N g u y e... i quan toe dai, eiia t i n d o i Phat giao 1 63 1965 den nam 1968 CuQC T o n g tien Phong trao da'u Ngay 13- 5-1968, cong va n o i day tranh ciia cong cuoc t h u o n g lugng Tet M a u Tiian nhan, cac tang l o p chi'nh thuc hai ben, n a m 1968 d a n h nhan dan lao giu-a dai dien bai " C h i e n tranh d o n g , hoc sinh, ChinJi phii Vi^t cue b o " ciia M I sinh vien, Phat N a m Dan chii t i r d o i... tang Viet N a m dugc k i 1972 d a n h bai l o p nhan dan 6 ket va thuc hi^n vao chien l u a c " V i ^ t kh3p cac thanh thj ngay 2 7 - 1 - 1 9 7 3 , N a m hoa chien lien tiep b u n g no buoc MT va cac t r a n h " ciia MT Dac biet la 6 cac nuoc cam ket ton thanh pho Sai trong doc lap chii hoc sinh, sinh tho ciia V i ^ t N a m vien no ra r a m ro, MT phai rut quan ve t h u hut d o n g dao n u o c d e c... a p n o i eae thanh thj, p h o n g trao ciia eac tang Idp n h a n dan no ra lien tyc Dac bi?t d Sai Gon, Hue^ Da N a n g , p h o n g trao hoe sinh, sinh vien no ra ram r g da t h u h i i t d o n g dao g i d i tre t h a m gia Phong trao t u d i tre, hgc sinh, sinh v i e n cd vai tro q u a n t r o n g , t h u d n g la "Phong trao chdm ngdi no"' cho p h o n g trao c h u n g ciia tang I d p nhan dan thanh... 6 hai m i e n d a y manh k h a n g chie'n chong M I c i i u nuoc O cac thanh p h o l o n n h u Sai Gon, Hue^ Da N a n g , p h o n g trao hpc sinh, sinh vien no ra r a m r p da t h u h i i t d o n g dao g i o i tre t h a m gia Phong trao t u o i tre, hpc sinh, sinh v i e n c6 v a i tro quan trpng, t h u o n g la "Phong trao chdm ngdi no" cho p h o n g trao c h u n g ciia tang l o p nhan dan thanh t... vira dau tranh v o i Den dau nam 1971, each mang gianh quyen lam chii them 36 00 ap v d i 3 trieu dan bo ok c Chien dau chong chien luge " V i ^ t N a m hoa chien t r a n h " la chong lai cugc ce djch tren ban d a m phan c Cugc tien cong chien luge nam 1972 Bude vao n a m 1972, quan ta m d cugc tien cong chien luge t u ngay 30 - 3 s u ra d o i ciia C h i n h p h i i each m a n g lam t h o i Cong hoa m... - 3 - 1 9 7 1 , quan d p i V i | t N a m c6 s u p h o i h p p ciia A quan d a n Lao da tap tan cuoc h a n h quan mane ten " L a m Son -719" chiem g i i i 3Si du&ng HSG Ljch Si} 12 - Ths Trucmg Ngoc Thai lien Bac ban roi 735 may bay MT, ban c h i m 125 tau chie'n loai k h o i v o n g chie'n d u o n g 9 - N a m Lao cua 4,5 van quan M i va quan d o i Sai Gon, loni khoi vong a'u hang tram p h i cong MT ... (trong d o 34 may bay B52, m i e n Bac ban r o i va pha may bay F i l l ) , bat song 43 t h o i hau qua cua n h i i n g tran danh pha ac l i ^ t , v u g t qua n h u n g cugc bao vay h u y 32 43 may... Gon, Hue^ Da N a n g , p h o n g trao hoe sinh, sinh vien no ram r g da t h u h i i t d o n g dao g i d i tre t h a m gia Phong trao t u d i tre, hgc sinh, sinh v i e n cd vai tro q u a n t r o n... vua lao dong ^ a n xua't 3Si difdng H5G Ljch SCr 12 - Ths Tnrone Ngpc Thai Cty TNHH MTV PWH Khang Vi^t T r o n g chie'n da'u, m i e n Bac da ban r o i va pha b u y 3. 2 43 m a y bay MT; ban Dink