KHOA HQC CdNG NGHfi IVGHIEIM C U U K H A IXIAIXIG SAIXI X U A T B O T G l A Y T U C A Y LUOIXIG {Dedra calamus baratus H s u c t i e t D Z Li) Cao Qudc An* T6MTAT Luong thuoc hp phu tre triic, bp h6a thao, dupe rat bidn a cac tinh nhir Thanh Hoa, Hoa Bmh, Nghd An, Ha Tmh, Tir trudc ddn nay, cSy ludng chu ydu dupe dimg lam nguydn li^u dan lat san xuat van nhan tao, hay dung kidn truc, cung da co nhimg nha may san xudt gily sti dung thSn cdy ludng d^ lam nguyen lidu san xuat bpt nhidn, nhiing nghien cuu ca ban ve dac didm td boa hpc, hay ky thuat san xuat bpt giay sun phat tir than cay luong thi rat it dupe cong bd Nguydn li#u dupe sti dtJUig nghidn cuu la cay ludng tudi, khai thac tai huydn Luong Son, tinh Hoa Binh Thuc nghidm dupetidnhanh tai Trung tam thi nghidm Khoa Che bien Lam san, Trudng D^ hpc Lam nghi$p Kdt qua xac djnh phan boa hpc ciia nguyen lidu cay luong cho thly: Kich thuoc chidu dai spi 2,29 mm, chidu rpng spi 0,016 mm, dp th6 ciia spi la 143, ham lupng tro 1,08%, ham lupng chdt tan nuoc nong 8,10%, ham lupng ch^t tan nuoc lanh 3,59%, ham lupng chat chidt sudt NaOH 1% la 17,65%, ham lupng xenluloza 48,77%, ham lupng linhin 24,74%, dp pH cua nguyen li^u 5,65 Kdt qua nghidn ctiu cho thdy, ndu bdt giay sun phat tir nguydn li$u cay luong Hoa Binh nhi$t dp ndu thich hpp la 160^C, thdi gian bao dn 90 phtit va lupng hda chat sir dung la 18% Tukhda: Bdt giay sun phat, cay luong Hda Binh, tringcua bdt, hi$u suatbdtgiay LDATVANOE Hidn nay, cdc nhd khoa hpc da xdc djnh dupe tre tnic cd hon 70 hp va 120 loai khac nhau, vdi tdng didn tich khoang 16 tridufadeta, dupe phdn bd a d c khu vuc nhidt ddi vd d nhidt ddi, chi cd mdt sd it lodi tre tnic dupe phdn bd a d c vimg dn ddi O Vidt Nam, didu kidn dat dai thich hpp, ndn nhiing d y trdng thudc hp tre tnic thirdng phdt tridn rIt nhanh Ludng la mdt sd nhiing lodi cdy dupe trdng khd phd bien d cdc tinh: Thanh Hod, Nghd An, Ha Tmh, Hod Binh day la loai cay dd trdng, dd chdm sdc, trdng mdt lan cd the thu hoach tir 40 - 50 nam, vi vdy, nhidu ddn tpc d midn mii chpn cay ludng lam cdy phdt tiidn kinh td gia dinh, cay xod ddi gidm nghdo Trong didu kidn ngudn nguyen Udu gd sii dung cho cdc ngdnh chd bidn lam san vd cdng nghidp sdn xult gily hidn cua Vi^t Nam ngdy d n g kham hidm, vipc tap tnmg nghidn cthi nfaiing loai nguydn Udu ngodi gd pfauc vti cfao d c ngdnh cdng nghidp chd bidn, ddc bidt Id cdng nghidp san xult gily vd bdt giay Nghidn cihi sir dting ludng Hda Binh dd san xuat bdt gily sun phat la mpt hudng di dung din, mdt mat, gdp phin ndng cao hidu qua sir dting ddi vdi lodi nguydn Udu nay, mdt khac, timg bude ndng Trudng D^ii hpc Lam nghifp 84 cao thu nhdp cho ngudi ndng ddn, gdp phin xda doi giam ngheo L NGUYEN LEU VA PHUUniG P H A P NGHDU CUU Nguydn Udu Nguydn U^u nghidn cthi la ludng tudi, dupe lly tai huy^n Luong Son, tinh Hda Binh Thdn d y luong dupe d t khiic vd bdm tfaanfa ddm nho, cfaidu ddi dam kfaoang 2,0 cm, dam sau dd dupe sly kfad ddn dp Im kfaoang 10% Mdt pliln dam nguydn Udu dupe nghidn nhd tiidnfa bdt, bdt sau nghidn dupe di qua mit sang 40 60, phin fapp quy dch dupe cho vdo binh kin dd cdn bdng am, sau dd su dung cho vide xdc dinh td tiianh hdafapecua nguydn Udu Phin ddm nguydn Udu cdn lai dupe bpc kin chuan bj cho qud trinh nlu bdt giay Pfauong pfadp nghien cthi Phuong pfadp ly Ifauydfc Dung dd xdc djnh cic kfaoang bien tfaien vd nfaidt dd nlu, tfadi gian bao dn vd lupngfadacfalt sii diing qud trinfa nlu bpt Phirong p h ^ tfairc ngfai^m: Dimg dd xdc dinh thdnh phin hda hpc cung nfau xic djnh d c tinh chit ciia bdt gily ttr nguydn Udu d y luong, d c tidu chuIn chii ydu dugc sir dtmg or cdc tfai ngfaidm Id: T-150S58,T-210-OS-70, GB/T2677.6-1994, GB/T2677.81994T, GB/T747-1989 Bpt gily dupe nlu bing phuong p h ^ Sim pfalt, vdi bidn sd tfaay ddi Id nhi^t dO nlu, tfadi gian bao dn vd lupng hda chit sir dung NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N N G T H N - K t THANG 8/2011 KHOA HQC CdNG NGHfi •.KET QUA V A T H A O LUAN Kichtiiudccfaidu ddi, cfaidu rdng, dd tfad d a spi nguydn Udu va so sdnfa vdi mdt sd lodi nguydn Udu tre tnic kfadc dupe trinfa bdy bdng 1 Hinh thdi spi d a ludng Hda Binh TT Loai nguydn Udu Xult xtr 10 11 12 Ludng Ludng Tnicsdo Ludng Ludng Tre tir Luc Tnic Tnic Dai Tregai Tremor Buong Giang HdaBinfa Thanh Hod Trung Qudc An Do Trung Qudc Trung Qudc Trung Qudc My My My My My (Ngudn tii Udu tham khio [1], [21) Tir sd Udu bdng cho thly, chidu ddi trung binh cua spi ludng Hda Binh Id 2,29 mm, ty Id giua chidu dai vd chidu rdng cua spi Id 143 Ndu cdn cti tiieo phdn d p chidu ddi spi nguydn Udutiitrcvdt ciia lAWA (International Association of Wood Anatomists - Hidp Hdi giai phau gd qudc td), cd tiid tiily spi nguydn Udu ludng dupe xdp vdo loai cd chidu ddi ldn Ndu so sdnh vdi tidu chuIn spi nguydn lidu dimg tiong san xult gily va bdt gily, tiii ddy dupe coi Id loai spi tdt vd hodnti)dncd tiid ddp ling dupe nhihig ydu d u diingti-ongsdn xult gily vd bdt gily Thdnh phinfadafaped a ludng Hda Binfa Kdt qua so sdnh tiidnh phin hda hpc co ban cua ludng Hda Binh vdi mdt sd lodi nguydn Udu kfadc dupetiinhbdy bang Tir cdc sd lidu bang cho tiily, hdm lupng chit tan ti-ong NaOH 1% ciia ludng Hda Binh vin tiilp hon mdt sd loditi-etinickhdc, tiilp hon 55,15% so vdi ti-e gai vd cfai cao hon 0,57% so vdi ludng Thanh Hda vd ti-e sdo Hdm lupng chit tan ti-ong NaOH 1% ciia ludng nho hon mdt sd nguydn U^u cimg lodi ddc bidt Id tre gai vd ludng d a Trung Qudc Do dd, cd tild kfaing djnfa rdng cimg hp tre, nhung didu kidn ldp dja khdc tiii d c cfai sd ndy ciing khdc Hdm lupng chit tan ti-ong NaOH 1%, or mdt mtic dd ndo dd, phan dnh mtie dp bidn chit ciia nguydn U§u Ndu nguydn Udu bj mpc d n g nhidu, ham lupng chit tan ti-ong NaOH 1% sd cdng cao N6NG Dd dai spi, mm 2,29 2,34 2,00 2,70 1,89 1,99 1,94 1,73 1,95 2,33 1,80 2,78 Dd rdng spi, pm 16,15 16,21 16,20 14,00 11,00 15,00 14,70 Tyld ddi/rdng 143 148 125 190 180 135 132 - - - Didu ndy hodn todn kfadng cd lpi cho qud trinh san xult bdt gily Cung tir bang sd Udu trdn cfao tfaly, hdm lupng linhin ciia ludng Hda Binh or miic trung binh so vdi cdc lodi tre khdc, tiilp hon 8,03% so vdi tre mfir vd cao ban 17,54% so vdi tre gai Trong cdng nghidp sdn xult bdt gily, hdm lupng Unhui nhidu hay it sd dnh hudng ddn hidu suit vd tinh chit cua bOt gily Hdm lupng Unfain cdng it tfai dng cd lpi cfao qud trinh nlu bOt Hdm lupng xenluloza d a ludng Hda Binh l^i tuong ddi cao (48,77%) vdy, ddy Id lodi nguydn Udu hodn b)dn cd thd d ^ ting dupe d c ydu clu cho nguydn Udu sdn bdt gily Nghidn cthi sdn xult bdt gily sun phdt tir nguydn Udu cdy ludng Hda Binh Trong pfadn tiii nghidm ndy, datidnhdnh nghidn cthi anh hudng ddng tiidi cua ydu td, la: Nhi^t dd nlu cao nhlt (D, tiidi gian bao dn (x) va lupng hda cfalt su dt^g (r|) vdi d c bidn cfaay nfau sau: T=140PC,160»C,180PC T - 60 pfatit, 90 pfaiit, 120 pfaiit TI = 16%, 18%, 20% (so vdi nguydn Udu kfad hiydt ddi) Kdt qud xdc djnfa hidu suit, tii sd Kappa vd dd ti-Ing ctia bdt sau nlu vdi lln ldp dupetiinhbdy ti-ong bang 3,4 vd NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N N G THON - KY THANG 8/2011 85 KHOA HQC CdNG NGHfi TT 10 11 Bliig2 So sdnh hdm hipngtfadnh phin hod hpc d a hidng vdi m $ t s lodi nguydn lifu khdc [3] | | Hdm lupng chdt chidt xult, % Hdm Loai Linhin, Xenluloza, Trong Trong lupng tro, Xudt sti Trong nuoc nguydn % % nude lanh NaOH 1% % lidu ndng 17,65 24,74 3.59 48,77 8,10 1,08 Hda Binh Luong 17,55 2,96 24,68 45.41 8,13 1,60 Thanh Hoa Ludng 17,55 26,38 45.94 2,31 Phiic Kidn Tnic Trung Qudc 28,14 22,88 49,96 2,90 Quang TSyTre Trung Qudc 36,28 21,95 51,59 Tridt GiangLudng 1,79 Tnmg Qudc 39,35 4,30 20,40 46,40 Tregai My 4,80 Tre mdr 5,10 27,90 26,90 44,40 My 2,40 4,59 19,35 30,09 5,25 My 37,94 3,26 Trucd?i 4,40 28,30 24,20 44,10 Buong My 5,30 4,20 5.93 My 15,00 32,20 49,30 Tdm vdng 2,10 6,48 3,26 My 18,97 24,13 47,00 1,87 Giang Bang Hidu su& d a bot gilytijrcdy ludng Hda Binh, % T TT T X, X, Tl 16 60 53,18 160 53,17 16 90 50,36 160 50,37 16 120 45,22 160 45,21 60 140 72,23 18 72,24 18 61,37 140 61,37 90 18 53,43 120 140 53,45 18 48,21 60 160 48,22 18 47,44 90 160 47,43 18 43,26 120 160 43,28 38,17 10 18 60 180 38,15 35,44 11 18 90 180 35,41 12 18 31,21 120 180 31,23 46.40 13 60 160 20 46,41 42,22 90 160 14 20 42,23 41,55 15 20 120 160 41,57 Tir d c sd U^u tfai ngfaidm cfao tiily, due ydu td nfaidt dp nlu, tfadi gian bao dn vd lirpngfadachit su dting ddu cd anh faudng trtrc tidp tdi faidu suit ciia bdt gily sau kfai nlu Neu nfaidt dd nlu tdng cao, faidu suit ciia bdt gily giam xudng, bdi vi, nfaidt dd cao lam cfao tdc dp pfadn ting giiia hda cfalt vd cdc tfaanfa pfain gd xly rIt nfaanfa, kfadng nfaiing Unfain nhanh chdng bi hda tan, ma cdn lam cfao mdt bd phdn xenluloza ciing bj hda tan, dd, hidu suit bpt giam xudng Thdi gian bao dn tdng cung ldm cho hi$u suit bdt gily din din giam xudng Ndu tfadi gian bao dn dng keo dai tfai hi$u suit ciia bpt sd tidp tiic giam, bdi vi, tfadi gian dai sd ldm cfao sd lupng cdc phdn ung giiia hda cfalt nlu va spi go xdy nfaidu, lupng cdc bonfaydratbj phdn giai ciing theo md tdng ldn, ldm cho hidu suit bpt giam xudng 86 N6NG 1 Cdc sd Udu thi nghidm a bang cung cho tiily, tri so Kappa cua b^t gily chju InhfaudngrIt ldn tir d c tfadng sd cdng ngfad nlu bdt Kfai nfaidt dO nlu tdng, tri sd Kappa d a bpt giam xudng, bdi vi, nhidt dp tdng cao, ddm gd mdmfadanfaanfa, d c phan ting tdch Unfain xdy nfaanfafaon,ndn lupng linhin bj hda tan ciing tdng ldn, ldm cho trj sd Kappa nhanh chdng giam xudng Kfai tfadi gian bao dn hay lupng fada cfalt sir dting tdng ldn, ddu lam cfao lupng Unhin bjfadatan tdng ldn vd tii sd KaRW ciia b^t giam tii^ Tuy nhidn, ndu nfaidt dp nlu, tfadi gian bao dn hay lupng fada chit sir dting tdng ldn qui cao, chting sd lam cfao d c bon hydrat bj phdn hiiy rIt nhanh, tir dd, ldm cho fai^u suit b^t gidm xudng vd cudng dO ctia bpt gily cung bj dnh hudng NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N N G THON - KY - THANG 8/2011 KHOA HQC CbNG NGHfi B4ng4.TrisdKappadab0tgilytucayhidng i,br, Hda Bmh "If TT 10 11 12 13 14 15 T 160 160 160 140 140 140 160 160 160 180 180 180 160 160 160 T n 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 Y, 18,88 19.22 17,18 33,54 28,87 23,57 18,23 18,81 16,27 14,34 14,23 12,77 17,41 17,35 15,45 Y, 18,86 19,24 17,20 33,50 28,90 23,58 18,24 18,82 16,26 14,32 14,24 12,78 17,42 17,34 15,43 Bdng DO tiding d a bot gily tir c ^ ludng H6a Binh TT 10 11 12 13 14 15 T 160 160 160 140 140 140 160 160 160 180 180 180 160 160 160 T n z, z 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 24,3 25,3 26,7 18,6 20,2 21,9 25,5 25,9 27.7 29.2 30.3 36.8 26,6 26,8 28,5 24.4 25.3 26.9 18.3 20.5 21,7 25,6 25.8 27.8 29,3 30,5 36,9 26,2 26,4 28,6 Tir cdc sd Udu tiitic ngfaidm, tiidng qua xir ly Dd tiiudn tidn cfao qud tiinfa didu kfaidn cdc tiidng kd ti)an hpc cho ham sd bidn, da tiiu dupe tiidng sd cdng nghd ti-ong qud tiinfa sdn xult, ndn dc phuang trinh tuong quan sau: khdng chd cdc tii sd c6ng nghd tiiich hpp Id: Nhidt X = 709,61 - 1646,9T + 3160,47^ - 1307,7T + 705011dd T = 160''C, thdi gian bao 6n x = 90 phtit, lupng hda - 255T2 - 37,13TI + l,47riT+ 186,9nT (1) chit sii dtmg r\ = 18% Khdo ngfaiOm nlu bOttiieocdc gid trj nfaidt dO, Y = 286,12 - 892,8T + 5148^= - 513,75T + 5034TT tiidi gian vd hipng hda cfalt sii dyng tdi tiu 2821,5x2 - 10,18TI - 1,52TIT- 17,7TIX (2) Tidnfadnhkfalo nghidm sdn xult bdt gily sun Z = 394,25 + 718T - 24(fP + 532,5x + 2550Tx + phit vdi d c didu kidn cdng ngh$ tdi uu vira tim dupe: 2625x2 + 10,2T| - 0,4TIT - 18TIX (3) Nhidt cao nhlt nlu: T - 160»C; Giaifad3 phuang tiinh (1), (2) vd (3) tiieo cdc Thdi gian bio dn: x = 90 phtit; didu kidn X -• max, Y —> mm vd Z —» max ta suy dupe d cti-jsd T = 158,5, x = 88,9 vd t) = 17,8 Lupng hda cfalt sir dting: X] * 18% Nhu vdy, tri sd cdng nghd nlu bdt tdi im tir Bdt sau kfai nlu dupetidnhdnh kidm tra d c tinh nguydn Udutiidncdy ludng Hda Binfa Id: Nfaidt dd T = cfalt nhu: dO tring, tri sd Kappa, chi sd cudng d$ 158,5''C,tiidigian bdo dn x = 88,9 pfaut vd lupng fada chju xd, chi sd ctrdng dd cfaju kdo, kdt qud dupe chltsudt^gTi = 17,8% trinh bdy bdng Bdng Kdt qui kidm tra tinh cfalt ciia bQt sau nlu Chi sd (Judex) Kdt qud Tri so Kappa d a bpt chua tly trIng (Kappa of Unbleached pulp) 18,81 DO trdng ciia bpt chua tly trIng (Brightness of Unbleached pulp, %ISO) 25,90 Do nhdt ciia bdt chira tly trIng (Viscosity of Unbleached pulp, ml.g'O 1343,22 0,45 Mat (Tightness, g/cm^ 18,35 Chi sd cudng dO chju xd (Tear index, mN.m^.g'^) 3,29 Chi sd cudng dd chiu biic (Bursting index, kPa.m^.g'O 58,26 Chi sd bdn chju kdo (Tensile index, N.m.g'O Tir bdng sd Udu cho tiily tii sd Kappa ciia bOt ^^ ^^ju xd Id 18,35 mN.mlg'S chi sd cudng dO chju chua tly ti-Ing Id 18,81, dO ti-Ing ctia bOt chua tly ^yc Id 3.29 kPa.mV vd chi sd dO bdn cfaju kdo Id tring Id 25,90 % ISO, dO nhdt d a bOt chua t^y tring ^8,26 N.m.g'* Cdc til sd ndyfaodnb)ln pfaii hpp vdi id 1343,22 mlg-', mdt dO Id 0,45 g/cm^ cfai sd cudng y^" ^lu ciia bOt gily dimgti-ongsdn xult d c lo?i NdNG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRI^N N N G THON - KY THANG 8/2011 87 KHOA HQC C N G NGHfi gily in bao vd gily vdn pfadng pfalm tfadng dting dupe quy djnfa tidu cfauin GB 2677.4-81 Vi vdy, d tfad kdt ludn ring, vdi nguydn Udu ludng Hda Binfa tfai didu kidn cdng nghd n l u thicfa hpp n h l t Id nhidt dO T = 160"C, tiidi gian bao dn x = 90 phut vd lupng hda cfalt sir dting TI = 18% IV KET LUAN Kich tiiude chidu ddi spi tnmg binh d a ludng Hda Bmh Id 2293,15 pm dupe xdp vdo d p spi dai, ty Id chidu ddi spi/chidu rdng Id 143 ciing dupe xdp vdo dang spi cd dO thon tdt, ddy Id mOt nhiing uu didm Ai lua chpn nguydn Udu cho san xult bOt gily Hdm lupng xenluloza cua ludng Hda Binh Id 48,77%, tuong duong vdi mOt sd lodi tre dupe khai thdc tai mOt sd dja phuong khdc vd ciing ngang bdng vdi nguydn Udu gd thudng dimg lam nguydn Udu sdn xult gjly Ddy Id mOt nhimg cfai tidu quan trpng nhlt dd ddnh gid cfalt lupng nguydn Udu san xult bOt gily Vi vdy, cd tfad khIng djnfa, nguydn Udu ludng Hda Binh hodn toan cd thd sir dung Ai san xuat bdt gily sun phat Ham Itrpng ciia linhm ludng Hda Binh 24,74% la khdng ldn, it gdy trdr ngai cho qud trinh gia cdng chd bidn ddc bidt Id san xult bOt gily Nguydn Udu luong Id mOt loai nguydn Udu dd nlu, cti thd kfai tfaay ddi tfadi gian, nfaidt dO, lupng fada chit sir dting thi hidu suit vd tinh chit bpt tiiay ddi theo dting quy ludt, khdng khdc gi so vdi cdc nguydn Udu khdc Thdi gian nlu thicfa fapp nfalt tfaeo phuong phdp sun phdt cho cdy ludng Hda Binh Id 90 phtit, nhidt 16(f'C, lupng hda chit sir dting la 18% vd cho hidu suit bot ciing tdt TAI UEU 1HAM KHAO lin J X., He X Q., Lignification and Ugnin heterogeneity for various age classes of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) stems(J] Pfaj^iologia Plantarum, 2002 Parameswaran N., Liese W., Ultrastructural aspects of bamboo ceUs Q] CeUu Chem and Technol., 1999 Dence C W., Chemistry of Chemical Pulp Bleaching In: Pulp Bleaching Principles and Practice Eds TAPPI Press, 1996 RESEARCH ON THE POTENTIAL FOR MAKING PULP FROM Dendmcalamus baratiis HSUCHETD.Z.U Cao Quoc An Summary Dendro calamus baratus Hsuch et D Z Li big sized bamboo species, widely grown in Thanh Hoa, Hoa Binh, Nghe An, Ha Tmh provinces Traditionally, it has been mainly used as raw materials for crafts production of woodlike based boards, or for housing in rural areas At present Dendrocakunus baratus is used to produce paper pulp; however, the basic data on the chemical characteristics, as well as technology of chemical pulp from the Dedro calamus baratus Hsuch et D Z Ii is rarely published In these experiments raw materials used are years old Dedrocalamus baratus Hsuch et D Z M planted in Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province The experiments were conducted in the laboratory Center of wood technology faculty- Vietnam Forestry University The chemical analysis results are as foUowing:fiberlength 2.29 mm,fiberwidth 0.016 mm, crude fiber 143, ash contents 1.08%; the extractives in hot water are of 8.10%, in cold water 3.59%, in 1% solution of NaOH 17.65%, ceUulose content 48.77%, Ugnin content 24.74%, pH 5.65; the cooking temperature is 160''C; insulation duration is 90 min; chemical reagent ratio 18% Keywords: Brightness of pulp, Hoa Binh bamboo, sulfate pulp, yield of pulp Ngudi pfadn biOn: GS TS Hd Cfau Cfavr 88 N C N G NGHIDP VA PHAT TRIEN NdNG THON - Kt - THANG 8/2011 .. .KHOA HQC CdNG NGHfi •.KET QUA V A T H A O LUAN Kichtiiudccfaidu ddi, cfaidu rdng, dd tfad d a spi... vdi lln ldp dupetiinhbdy ti-ong bang 3,4 vd NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N N G THON - KY THANG 8/2011 85 KHOA HQC CdNG NGHfi TT 10 11 Bliig2 So sdnh hdm hipngtfadnh phin hod hpc d a hidng vdi m $ t s lodi... vd cudng dO ctia bpt gily cung bj dnh hudng NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N N G THON - KY - THANG 8/2011 KHOA HQC CbNG NGHfi B4ng4.TrisdKappadab0tgilytucayhidng i,br, Hda Bmh "If TT 10 11 12 13 14 15 T