PHAN HAI: HI/ONG DAN - BAI GIAI - DAP s6 Chuang • NGUYEN TCf BAI ON TAP 1.1 Ndu eft chia ddi lien tiep vien bi sdt thi ddn mdt luc ndo dd ta thu dugc phdn tft nhd nhd't cdn mang tfnh chat dac trung cua sdt dugc ggi la nguyen tft sdt 1.2 Khi mdu nudc da dugc chia ddi lien tid'p thi ddn mdt luc nao dd ta thu dugc phdn tft nhd be nhd't cdn mang tinh chat cua nudc dugc ggi la phdn tft nudc 1.3 + Theo dinh nghia vl mol, mol mudi an chfta 6,02.10^^ phan tft NaCl Vi thd 0,1 mol mudi an cd sd phan tft NaCl bdng : 6,02.10^^ phan tft/mol x 0,1 mol = 6,02.10^^ phan tft + Tuong tg, mol sdt kim loai ed chfta 6,02.10 Trong X mol sdt chfta 3,01.10 nguyen tft sdt nguyen tft sdt 3,01.10^^ X=— — = 0,5 (mol) nguyen tft sdt 6,02.10^^ 1.4 B 1.5 a) Theo dinh nghia vl mol ta ed mol nguyen tft C chfta 6,02.10 nguyen tft C Do dd khd'i lugng cfta mol nguydn tft C bdng : 1,99 10"^^ kg/nguyen tft x 6,02.10^^ nguydn tft/mol = 11,98.10"^ kg/mol « 12 g/mol b) Tuang tg, khd'i lugng cua phdn tft C2H5OH bdng : 46 g/mol ^ 7,64.10"^^ g/phdn tft = 7,64.10~^^ kg/phdn tft ^23 6,02.10^^ phdn tft/mol 72 1.6 Khdi lugng mol nguyen tft cd tri sd bdng nguyen tft khd'i ciia nguyen td Khd'i lugng mol phdn tft cd tri sd bdng phdn tft khd'i eua chd't Khd'i lugng mol dugc tinh bdng g/mol, nguyen tft khdi va phdn tft khd'i tinh theo dan vi cacbon (dvC) Ta cd : a) Phdn tft khdi cfta clo la : x 35,5 = 71 (dvC) mol khf clo cd khd'i lugng bdng : x 35,5 = 71 (g) 14 2 Sd mol phdn tft clo cd 14,2 g la : ^, ', =0,2 mol 71 g/mol Tuong tg: b) Phdn tft khd'i cua canxi cacbonat bdng : 40 + 12 + x 16 = 100 (dvC) 10 g Sd mol phdn tft canxi cacbonat = ——; r =0,1 mol 100 g/mol c) Luu huynh cd nguydn tft khd'i bdng 32 dvC 16 Sd mol luu huynh cd 16 g la : —;—7^—r = 0,5 mol 32 g/mol d) Phdn tft khdi eua amoniac bdng : 14 + x = 17 (dvC) 34 Sd mol NH3 34 g la : ,^ ° , = mol ^ g/mol 1.7 a) Theo dinh nghia ndng dd mol, ta cd sd mol NaOH 20 ml dung dich 0,1 Mbdng : 20 ml „ , mol „ „ _^ , — 1000 ml/lit x 0,1 -TT- = 0,002 mol 1ft Phan ftng cfta NaOH va HCI: NaOH + HCI -> NaCl + H2O Vdi ti le mol cdc chd't tham gia va tao sau phan ftng = : Nhu vdy sd mol HCI cdn dung = sd mol NaOH = 0,002 mol b) Sd mol sdt = ^^ ' ^ =0,1 mol 56 g/mol Phuang trinh hod hgc phan ftng gifta sdt vdi HCI: Fe + 2HC1 -^ FeClj + Hjt 73 Theo phuang trinh hod hgc, sd mol HCI cdn dung gdp hai ldn sd mol sdt = X 0,1 mol = 0,2 mol c) Sdt(III) oxit cd cdng thftc Fe203 Sd mol sdt(in) oxit bdng : 16 r—7 =0,1 (mol) Phuang trinh hod hoc : 160 g/mol Fe203 + 6HC1 -^ 2FeCl3 + SHjO Sd mol HQ cdn dung gdp ldn sd mol sdtOOQ) oxit, bdng : 0,1 x = 0,6 (mol) 82 d) Sd mol ddng (II) hidroxit = ^„ ' , = 0,1 mol Phuang trinh hod hoc : 98 g/mol Cu(0H)2 +2HC1 -^ CuCl2 + 2H2O Sd mol HQ cdn dung gdp ddi sd mol ddng(II) hidroxit, bdng: x 0,1 = 02 (mol) 1.8 CJ 0°C va dp sud't atm mol N2 chidm thi tfch bdng 22,4 dm^ Nhu vdy khd'i lugng mol cua nita bdng 22,4 dm^/mol x 1,25 g/dm = 28 g/mol Do dd phdn tft khd'i cua nita bdng 28 dvC 1.9 A 1.10 - Sd mol ddng(n) oxit = ^J' , ^ , = 0,09 mol Phanftngkhft ddng(II) oxit: 80 g / mol ' CuO + CO ^°^ > Cu + CO2 - Phan ling xay hoan toan ndn san phdm rdn chi la Cu, chd't khf di la hdn hgp eua CO du va CO2 a) Sd mol ddng kim loai = sd mol ddng(n) oxit = 0,09 mol Khdi lugng ddng thu dugc : 0,09 x 64 = 5,76 (g) b) Sd mol CO da tham gia phan ftng bdng sd' mol CuO va bdng sd mol CO2 tao thdnh va diu bdng 0,09 mol Thi tich CO (d dktc) da tham gia phan ftng bdng : 0,09 x 22,4 = 2,016 (dm^) 1.11 Sd mol mudi ddng(II) nitrat = „^ ' ,^ , = 0,1 mol 188 g/mol Phuofng tnnh hod hgc : 2Cu(N03)2 ^° ) 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2 Theo phuang trinh hod hgc, sd mol ddng(n) oxit = sd mol mudi = 0,1 mol Khd'i lugng ddng(II) oxit = 0,1 x 80 = (g) 1.12 A 74 Bai THANH PHAN NGUYEN TCT -27, 1.13 a) Khd'i luang cua proton gdp -^ '• -—2- = 1836 ldn khd'i luang cfta 9,1094.10"^^ kg electron (gdn hai nghin ldn) 1094 10"^^ kg b) Khdi luang cfta electron bang — '-——-^ = -r^r^r—z ldn khd'i luong l,6748.10"^^kg 1838,5 cua natron hay gdn bdng mdt phdn hai nghin ldn c) Khd'i lugng cfta cac hat nguyen tft heli bdng : X 1,6726 10 ~^^ kg + X 1,6748 10"^^ kg + x 9,1094 10"^' kg = 6,6966 10"^'^ kg Khdi lugng cfta electron = 1,8219.10"^° kg Do dd khdi lugng cfta electron nguydn tft heli chi chidm : 1,82.10 kg X 100% = 0,0272% (rd't nhd) 6,6966.10"^^ kg 1.14 Trong kg sdt cd ^ ' y l l ^ ^ f ^{^^ = 17,905 mol nguyen tft sdt 55,85 g/mol => Sd nguyen tft sdt = 17,905 x 6,02.10^^ nguyen tft Ma nguyen tft Fe ed 26 electron — Trong kg sdt cd lugng electron > bdng : 17,905 x 26 = 465,53 mol electron => Khd'i lugng cdc electron bdng : 465,53 mol x 9,1.10"^'kg/e x 6,02.10"e/mol = 2,55.10""^ kg hay 0,255 g (rdt nhd so vdi khd'i lugfng kg sat) 1.15 a) nm = 10~^ m + Thi tfch gdn dung cfta hat nhan nguyen tft hidro bdng : V = l l ^ = -x 3,14 X (1.10"^^m)3 = 4,19.10"^^m^ + Thi tfch gdn dung cfta nguyen tft hidro la : V = l!2L = I x 3,14 X (0,53.10"^W = 6,23.10"^^ m^ 75 Nhu vay, thi tfch cua nguyen tft H ldn han rdt nhilu so vdi thi tfch cua hat nhdn nguyen tft H Nguyen tft H cd cdu tao rdng b) Khd'i lugng hat nhdn nguyen tft hidro chinh la khd'i lugng cua proton vd bdng l,672.10"^\g Khdi lugng rieng cua hat nhan nguyen tft hidro bdng : D=^'^'^-^Cf=3,99.10na'n/cm^ 4,19.10"^^m^ + Khd'i lugng cua nguyen tft hidro (tfnh ca khd'i lugng cfta electron) bdngl,673.10~^^kg Khdi lugng rieng cua hidro bdng : 1,673.10 kg ^ 2,66 10^ kg/m^ = 2,66 10^ g/dm^ = 2,66 g/cm^ 0,63.10"^V^ Khd'i lugng rieng cfta proton ldn han rdt nhilu ldn so vdi khd'i lugng rieng nguyen tft hidro 1.16 Do lu = 1,6605.10 kg Khd'i lugng cua nguyen tft oxi tfnh theo kilogam: 1,6605.10"^^ X 15,999 = 2,6566.10"^^ (kg) 1.17 Do nguyen tft khd'i cua C = 12 nen khd'i lugng cfta nguydn tft H bdng : + Tfnh theo u : 12 u/11,905 = 1,008 u + Tfnh theo gam : 1,008 u x 1,66.10"^"^ g/u = 1,673 10"^"^ gam Bai HAT NHAN NGUYEN T Q NGUYEN TO HOA HOC 1.18.A • > ^ 207 1.19 Nguyen tu cua nguyen td chi ddng vi Pb cd Z = 82, sd khd'i bang 207 Sd natron = 207 - 82 = 125 Nhu vay, ti le sd natron/sd proton bdng : 125 -—-= 1,5244 Trft H, ti Id sd natron/sd proton thdp nhdt d cac nguyen tii 82 la Nhu vdy dilu kien bin cua hat nhdn la < —,— < 1,5244 • 76 sd p 1.20 D 1.21 - Trong nguyen tft, sd proton = sd electron Tdng sd cdc hat = sd electron + sd natron + sd proton ; Sd natron tdi thilu bdng sd proton (trft nguyen tft JH) - Ddi vdi cae nguydn tft cfta eac nguyen td cd Z khdng ldn, sd natron khdng chenh lech nhilu so vdi sd proton, chi cdn dem tdng sd hat chia ldy phdn nguydn ta cd sd proton va sd electron Nhu vdy, dd'i vdi nguyen tft nguyen tdX : ^ = 19,333 - Ndu Z = 19 thi sd natron = 20 la cdc gia tri ddc trung cho nguyen td K cd sd khd'i bdng 39 - Ndu cho Z = 20 thi sd natron = 19 < sd proton, nguyen tft khdng bin 1.22 Cdc hat mang dien nguyen tft la proton va electron Cae hat khdng mang dien la hat natron Trong nguyen tft trung hoa, sd electron bdng sd proton Kf hieu Z va N la sd electron vd sd natron nguyen tft Ta ed he phuang trinh dn sd : J2Z + N = 82 [2Z - N = 22 Giai he, ta dugc Z = 26 va N = 30 Sd khd'i eua nguyen tft X la : 26 + 30 = 56 Nguyen td X la sdt cd kf hieu nguyen tft la ^Fe 1.23 Theo dilu kien ddu bai, vi sd natron hat nhdn va sd hieu nguyen tft cua mdi nguydn td khdng vugt qua dan vi nen cd thi dp dung each xdc dinh sd dien tfch hat nhdn cua cdc nguyen td X, Y va Z nhu sau : Zx = 16/3 « 5, ZY = / « , Zz = 78/3 « 26 Nguydn td X la nguyen td bo cd sd' electron = 5, sd natron = 6, sd khd'i =11 va cd kf hidu nguyen td' la j B Nguyen td Y Id nguyen td kali cd 19 electron, sd natron = 20, sd khd'i = 39 vd cd kf hieu nguyen td Id JQK Nguyen td Z la nguyen td sdt cd 26 electron, sd natron = 30, sd khd'i = 56 va cd kf hieu nguyen td Id 26 Fe 77 1.24 Cac nguydn tft ed cftng dien tich hat nhdn thi thudc vl mdt nguydn td hoa hgc Nhu vdy : + Cdc nguydn tft ciing cd Z = thi thudc vl nguydn td nita: ^7 A va ^C diu cd electron va proton Trong dd ^7 A cd natron cdn ^70 cd natron + Cac nguyen tft cung cd Z = thi thudc vl nguyen td oxi : gB, gDvd gG diu cd electron va proton Trong dd, gBcd natron, gDco 10 natron vd 'gG cd natron Oft + Cac nguyen tft cung cd Z = 10 thi thudc vl nguyen td neon : joHva 00 00 00 ^QK diu cd 10 electron va 10 proton Trong dd jgH cd 10 natron vd JQK cd 12 natron + Nguyen tft jjl cd Z = 11 la nguyen tft cua nguyen td natri cd kf hieu la fyn 11 Na Nguyen tft natri cd 11 proton va 12 natron d hat nhdn, 11 electron d vd nguyen tft + Nguyen tft 26 E cd Z = 26 la nguyen tft cfta nguyen td sdt ed kf hidu la ^^Fe.Nguye tft sdt ed 26 proton va 30 natron d hat nhdn, 26 electron d 26Fe Nguyen vd nguyen tft + Nguyen tft 27F cd Z = 27 la nguyen tft cfta nguyen td coban cd kf hieula 27 Co Nguyen tft coban cd 27 proton va 29 natron d hat nhdn, 27 electron d vd nguyen tft Bai DONG VL NGUYEN TCT KHOI VA NGUYEN lO KHOI TRUNG BINH 1.25 D 1.26 Nguyen tft khd'i trung binh la dai lugng dac trung cho sg tdn tai ddng thdi cua eac loai ddng vi tu nhidn cua nguydn td da cho trdn ldp vd Trdi Ddt Nguydn tft khd'i trung binh bdng tdng cac phdn ddng gdp cua cac ddng vi Vi vdy ddi vdi brom ta cd : — 50 69 49 31 ABr = " i ^ x 79 + - ^ x 81 = 0,5069 x 79 + 0,4931 x 81 = 40,045 + 39,941 = 79,986 78 1.27 Tuang tu bai 1.26 ta cd : ANi = 58 X 0,6827 + 60 x 0,2610 + 61 x 0,0113 + 62 x 0,0359 + 64 x 0,0091 = = 58,771 Gid tri nguyen tft khd'i thuc cua Ni bdng 58,754 1.28 Sd khd'i cfta ddng vi thft nhd't la : 35 + 44 = 79 Sd khdi cfta ddng vi thft hai la : 35 + 44 + = 81 Ta cd : Ax = 79 x 27 27 + 23 „ + 81 X 23 23 + 27 79,92 1.29 a) Ggi sd khd'i cua cdc ddng vi ldn lugt la Xj, Xj, X3 Ta cd he phuong trinh dn sd : Xl + X2 + X3 = 87 X2 = Xl + 0,9223 X Xl + 0,0467 x Xj + 0,031 x X3 = 28,0855 Giai he phuang trinh, ta cd Xi = 28, X2 = 29, X3 = 30 28 b) Trong Xi cd sd natron = sd proton = Z = — = 14 Nhu vdy sd natron cdc ddng vi la : + Trong Xl : 14 + Trong X2: - 14= 15 + Trong X3: - = 16 1.30 a) Ggi X la kfhilu nguyen td va la khdi lugng mol nguyen tft cua X Trong ca hai mudi, X diu cd hod tri Sd mol X ca hai mudi bdng Phuang trinh hod hgc : NaX + AgN03 -^ AgXi + NaN03 8,19 ^ 20,09 ^'^^ • 23 + X 108 + X Giai ta dugc X = 35,5 Nguyen tft khd'i cua X bang 35,5 X la clo b) Ggi sd khdi cfta ddng vi be cfta clo la A Ta cd : 0,75 X A + 0,25 X (A + 2) = 35,5 Giai ra, ta cd A = 35 Ddng vi ldn cua clo cd sd khd'i bdng 35 + = 37 79 1.31 Ggi % sd nguyen tft ddng vi be cua iridi la x thi % sd nguydn tft cua ddng vi ldn la (100 - x) Ta cd : 191x + 193(100 - x) = 192,22 X 100 Giai dugc x = 39 Nhu vdy, iridi tu nhidn ed khoang 39% sd nguydn tft Id ddng vi 191 vd 61% sd nguyen tft la ddng vi 193 Ti Id sd mol cung bdng ti le sd nguyen tft nen phdn trdm sd mol eua ddng vi cung cd gid tri nhu trdn 1.32 D 1.33 Cd 12 loai phan tft khf cacbonic vdi phdn tft khdi tuang ftng (ghi ngode)la: '^002^^ (44), '^002'^ (46), '^002'^ (48) ; *^C02^^ (45),'^C02^'' (47), '^C02^^ (49) ; '^CO'^O'^ (45), '^CO'^o'^ (46), '^CO'^o'^ (47) ; '^CO'^O'^ (46), '^CO'^O'^ (47), '^CO'^o'^ (48) 1.34 Xet mol phdn tft HCIO4 cd khd'i lugng bdng 100,5 g Trong dd cd mol nguydn tft clo chfta 0,7577 mol clo ddng vi 35 vd 0,2423 mol clo ddng vi 37 Khd'i lugng clo ddng vi 37 mol HCIO4 la : 0,2423 mol X 37 g/mol = 8,9651 g + Phdn tram khd'i lugng clo ddng vi 37 HCIO4 bdng : 8,9651 X 100= 8,92 (%) 100,5 Bai SL; CHUYEN DQNG COA ELECTRON TRONG NGUYEN TQ OBITAN NGUYEN T Q 1.35 + Theo md hinh hanh tinh nguyen tft, nguyen tft, eac electron chuyin ddng ca trdn quy dao trdn vd quy dao bdu due gidng eac hanh tinh quay quanh Mat Trdi + Theo md hinh hien dai, nguyen tft cac electron chuyin ddng rdt nhanh (vdi tdc gdn bdng tdc dd cfta anh sang) ndn khdng thi ndi din quy dao ma chi coi chuyin ddng cfta electron nhu mdt dam mdy mang dien tfch dm 80 1.36 Cdc chdm tren hinh ve 1.7 (SGK) khdng phai Id hinh anh cua mdt electron ma ehi Id hinh anh bilu diln mdt vi trf eua electron d mdt thdi dilm gia dinh nao dd Vung khdng gian cd nhilu chdm thi xdc sud't cd mat eua electron d dd cang cao Tdp hgp cac dilm vung khdng gian cd phdn ldn xac sud't ed mat electron dugc coi la dam mdy tfch didn dm cfta electron 1.37 Nguyen tft H cd thi tdn tai d cac trang thai nang lugng khdc Ci trang thdi ea ban (trang thai cd ndng lugng thdp nhd't), chuyin ddng cfta electron dugc md ta bdng obitan hinh cdu cd ban kfnh gdn bdng 0,053 nm (ggi la obitan Is) Khi nguyen tft H chuyin ddn trang thai cd nang lugng cao han, chuyin ddng cua electron dugc md ta bdng obitan hinh cdu vdi bdn kinh ldn hOn va dugc ggi la obitan 2s Nlu nguyen tft H cd ndng lugng cao han nfta thi chuyin ddng cua electron se dugc md ta bang mdt obitan 2p hinh sd ndi 1.38 Cdc obitan s diu cd dang hinh cdu vdi kha ndng tim thd'y electron theo mgi hudng nhu Cae obitan p cd dang hinh sd ndi Cd obitan p dinh hudng theo hudng vudng gdc vdi va theo hudng cfta true toa dd Decac Obitan dinh hudng theo true x dixgc kf hieu la obitan p^ Obitan p cd dinh hudng theo true y duge kf hieu la obitan Py va eon lai la obitan p^ dinh hudng theo true z 1.39 trang thdi co ban, electron nhd't eua nguyen tft H d tren obitan Is Electron bi hut vl phfa hat nhdn cd dien tfch 1+ Bdn kfnh obitan cua nguyen tft H bdng 0,0529 nm Nguyen tft heli cd Z = va cd electron ciing d tren obitan Is nhung ban kfnh nguyen tft (hay ban kfnh cfta obitan Is cfta heh) giam cdn 0,0128 nm Nguyen nhdn la luc hut cua hat nhdn nguyen tft H ddi vdi electron yiu han lgc hut cfta hat nhdn He Electron nguyen tft H cd thi tdn tai d khoang each ldn hon so vdi nguyen tft He Obitan nguyen tft H ldn han obitan nguyen tft He 1.40* Obitan nguyen tft la khu vuc khdng gian xung quanh hat nhdn ma tai dd xdc sud't cd mat (xdc sud't tim thd'y) electron khoang 90% Electron cd thi tdn tai d ngoai khu vuc khdng gian quy udc d tren vdi xac sudt cd mat vao khoang 100% - 90% = 10% Nhu vdy, vl nguyen tdc obitan khdng ed gidi han 6.BT HdAHOC10.NC-A 81 Thdi gian gidy ddu tien ; a) Thdi dilm cdn lai 0,025 g Mg - Khdi lugng Mg tham gia phan ftng : m^g = 0,075 - 0,025 = 0,05 (g) - Phuang trinh boa hgc cho bidt: 24 g Mg tham gia phan ftng, sinh 22400 cm^ H2 ^^^ » , ,, ^ 0,05 g Mg tham gia phan ung, sinh 22400x0,05 — — ^ ,^, 3, „ 47 (cm ) H2 - Dd thi cho bidt: 47 cm^ khf hidro thodt ra, ftng vdi thdi gian la 15 gidy Vdy sau phan ftng xay dugc 15 gidy thi cdn lai 0,025 g Mg chua tham gia phan ftng b) Theo dd thi, thdi gian d l 0,075 g Mg tdc dung hdt vdi axit la 40 gidy Tft thdi dilm trd di, khf hidro khdng dugc sinh nfta 6.51 a) Cdng thftc hod hgc cua nhiing chd't ma luu huynh cd so oxi hod : - : H2S, ZnS 0: S +4 : SO2, Na2S03, H2SO3 +6 : SO3, Na2S04, H2SO4 -2 b) Hgp chd't H2 S bi oxi hod : -2 2H2S -^ S Ddt H2S dilu kien thidu khdng : - 0 - 2H2 S + O2 -> 2S + 2H2O -2 +4 2H2S^ S : -2 o +4-2 -2 2H2S + O — ^ S + 2H20 -2 +6 2H2S^ S : - +« -1 2H2S + 4CI2 + 4H2O - ^ 2H2SO4 + 8HC1 148 e) Nguyen tft S cd thi bi oxi bod hodc bi khft din nhftng trang thai oxi hod : -2 S -^ S : S + H2—!—>H2 S 0 +4 S -^ S : + - o +4-2 S+ ^ ^ S +6 S ^ S : S+ F - ^ - ^ S F 0+6-1 +4 d) Luu huynh d trang thai oxi hod +4( S) cd thi bi khft bode bi oxi hod din nhiing trang thdi oxi hod : +4 + S^ S : SO2 + 2H2 S ^ 3S + 2H2O +4 -2 +6 S->S: +4 +7 +6 + + 5SO2 + 2KMn O4 + 2H2O - ^ K2SO4 + 2MnS04 + 2H2SO4 +6 d) Luu huynh d trang thai oxi hod +6 (S) cd thi bi khft ddn nhung trang thdi oxi hod thdp ban : +6 +4 S ^ S : 2H2S04(^) + S ^ +6 +6 + hodc : 2H2SO4 (4) + Cu ^ + + 3SO2 + 2H2O +2 +4 CUSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O + S^ S : 4H2S04(d) + Zn ^ Zn SO4 + S + 4H2O +6 -2 S ^ S : 5H2S04( NH4HSO4 2NH3 + H2SO4 > (NH4)2S04 Do vdy cdn bdng chuyin dich vl phfa tao NH3 va phan ftng cd thi dugc thgc hien hoan toan 7.28 C 7.29 Ddi eac ndng dd phdn tram sang ndng mol// : cdc dung dich Na2S203 da dung cd nong la 0,01M ; 0,02M ; 0,04M ; 0,05M va 0,1M Thdi gian phan ftng cua cac dung dich ldn lugt la 5ph ; 2ph30s ; lphl5s ; Iph va 30s 7.30* De tao 0,6 mol isopropyl axetat cdn tieu hao 0,6 mol axit axetic, 0,6 mol ancol isopropylic Lugng nudc tao cung la 0,6 mol Khi cdn bdng ldn thft nhd't dugc thiet lap, ndng mol cdc chd't hdn hgp nhu sau: [CH3COOC3H7] = ^ [CH3COOH] = ^ (mol//) ; (mol//) ; [H2O] = ^ (mol//) ; [C3H7OH] = ^ (mol//) (V la thi tich cua hdn hgp phan ftng) Hdng sd cdn bdng : [CH3COOC3H7].[H20] ^ 036 ^ 25 [CH3COOH].[C3H70H] 0,16 Khi them mol axit axetic vao hdn hgp dang cdn bdng thi can bdng se chuyin dich 155 CH3COOH + C3H70H Luc bdt ddu thdm axit 1,4 mol Bie'n ddi -x mol Luc cd cdn bdng mdi (l,4-x)mol ^ 0,4 mol - x mol (0,4-x)mol CH3COOC3H7 + H20 0,6 mol +x mol (0,6+x)mol 0,6 mol +x mol (0,6+x)mol Khi cdn bdng dugc thidt ldp lai, ndng dd mol cac chdt nhu sau : [CH3COOC3H7] = ^ [CH3COOH] = ^ ^ ^ ^ ; [H2O] = M ± i L ; ; [C3H7OH] = ^^^p- (V la thi tich cfta hdn hgp phan ting luc dd) Hdng sd cdn bdng eua phan ftng vdn la 2,25 ndn ta cd : (0,6+ x) ^ 2^ (1,4 - x).(0,4 - X) ^ l,25x^-5,25x + 0,9 = Phuang trinh cd hai nghidm : Xj = 4,02 va X2 = 0,18 Chi cd nghidm x = 0,18 la thfch hgp vi 1,4 - 4,02 < la vd If Vdy cdn bdng dugc thidt ldp trd lai, hdn hgp phan ftng cd : 1,4 - 0,18 = 1,22 (moi CH3COOH) ; 0,4-0,18 = 0,22 (mol C3H7OH); 0,6 + 0,18 = 0,78 (mol CH3COOC3H7) vd 0,78 mol H2O 156 MUC LUC Trang PHAN M O T : CAU HOI VA BAI TAP Chi/ong : NGUYEN TCT Bai dn tap Bai 1: Thanh phan nguyen tft Bai : Hat nhan nguyen tft Nguyen td hoa hgc Bai : Dong vi Nguyen tft khdi va nguyen tft khdi trung binh Bai : SU chuyen dgng cCia electron nguy§n tft Obitan nguyen tft Bai : Luyen tap ve : phan cau tao nguyen tft Khdi li/Ong cOa nguyen tu Obitan nguyen tft Bai : Ldp va phan Idp electron Bai 7: NSng iuong cCia cac electron nguyen tft Cau hinh electron nguyen tft Bai : Luyen tap chUOng Chi/Ong : BANG TUAN HOAN CAC NGUYEN TO HOA HOC VA DINH LUAT TUAN HOAN Bai : Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen td hoa hoc Bai 10 : Su bien ddi tuan hoan cau hinh electron nguyen tft cOa cac nguyen tdhoa hgc Bai 11 : Svt bien ddi mot sd dai li/gng vat li cCia cac nguyen td hoa hpc Bai 12 : Sg bien ddi ti'nh kim loai, ti'nh phi kim cCia cac nguyen td hoa hgc Dinh luat tuan hoan Bai 13 : Y nghTa cCia bang tuan hoan cac nguyen td hoa hgc Sa; 74 • Luyen tap chuong / , ChLfOng : LIEN KET HOA HOC Bai 16 : Khai niem ve lien ket hoa hoc Lien ket ion Sa/7 ; Lien ket cdng hoa trj Bai 18 : SU lai hoa cac obitan nguyen tft Sg hinh lien ket don, lien ket ddi va lien ket ba Bai 19 : Luyen tap ve : Lien ket ion Lien ket cdng hoa tri Sg lai hoa cac obitan nguyen tft Bai 20 : Tinh the nguyen tft Tinh the phan tft Bai 21 : Hieu am dien va lien ket hoa hpc Bai 22 : Hoa tri va sd oxi hoa Bai 23 : Lien ket kim loai Bai 24 : Luyen tap chUOng Chuong : P H A N (SNG HOA HOC Bai 25 : Phan ftng oxi hoa - khft Sd/ 26 : Phan loai phan dng hoa hpc vd cd Bai 27: Luyen tap chUOng 3 10 11 12 14 14 14 15 17 18 18 20 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 32 35 157 ChUdng : NHOM HALOGEN Bai 29 : Khai quat ve nhdm halogen Bai 30: Clo Bai 31 : Hidro clorua - Axit clohidric Bai 32 : Hop chat c6 oxi cua clo Bai 33 : Luyen tap ve clo va hgp chat cCia clo Bai 34 : Flo Bai 35 : Brom Bai 36 : lot Bai 37 : Luyen tap chUOng ^^ 38 39 41 42 43 43 44 45 46 Chuong Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai : NHOM OXI 40 : Khai quat ve nhdm oxi 41: Oxi 42 : Ozon va hidro peoxit 43 : Lifu huynh 44 : Hidro sunfua 45 : Hgp chat c6 oxi cua lUu huynh 46 : Luyen tap chUdng 48 48 49 51 53 54 55 61 ChUdng Bai Bai Bai : TOC 0 PHAN CfNG VA CAN BANG HOA HOC 49 : Tdc dp phan ftng hoa hpc 50: Can bang hoa hpc 51 : Luyen tap : Tdc dp phan ftng va can bang hoa hgc 65 65 67 70 PHAN HAI: Hl/dNG DAN - BAI GIAI - DAP s d ChLfdng : NGUYEN TCT Bai on tap Bai : Thanh phan nguyen tft Bai : Hat nhan nguyen tft Nguyen td hoa hpc Bai : Ddng vi Nguyen tft khdi va nguyeh tft khd'i trung binh Bai : Sg chuyen dong cCia electron nguyen tft Obitan nguyen tft Bai : Luyen tap ve : phan cau tao nguyen tft Khdi lugng cCia nguyen tu Obitan nguyen tft Bai : Ldp va phan Idp electron Bai 7: Nang lixgng cua cac electron nguyen tft Cau hinh electron nguyen tft Bai 8: Luyen tap chUOng ^ 72 72 75 76 78 80 ChUdng : BANG TUAN HOAN CAC NGUYEN TO HOA HOC VA DINH LUAT TUAN HOAN Bai : Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen td hoa hpc Bai 10 : SU bien ddi tuan hoan ca'u hinh electron nguyen tft cCia cac nguyen td hoa hpc 89 Bai 11 : Su bien mot sd dai lugng vat If cCia cac nguyen td hoa hgc 158 82 83 84 86 89 91 94 Bai 12 : Sgbien ddi tfnh kim loai, tfnh phi kim cua cac nguyen td hoa hpc Dinh luat tuan hoan Sa; 13 : Y nghTa cua bang tuan hoan cac nguyen td hoa hpc Bai 14 : Luyen tap chuong 95 98 99 ChLfOng : LIEN KET HOA HOC Sa; 16: Khai niem ve lien ket hoa hpc Lien ket ion Sa; 77 ; Lien ket cong hoa trj Sa; 18 : Sg lai hoa cac obitan nguyen tft Sg hinh lien ket ddn, lien ket doi va lien ket ba Sa; 19 : Luyen tap ve : Lien ket ion, lien ket cong hoa tri Sg lai hoa cac obitan nguyen tft Sa; 20 : Tinh the nguyen tft Tinh the phan tft Sa; 21 : Hieu dp am dien va lien ket hoa hpc Sa; 22 : Hoa tri va sd oxi hoa Sa; 23 : Lien ket kim loai Bai 24 : Luyen tap chuong Chirong : PHAN LfNG HOA HOC Sa; 25 /Phan ftng oxi hoa - khft Sa; 26 : Phan loai phan dng hoa hpc v6 cd Sa; 27 ; Luyen tap chu'dng 107 108 109 111 113 114 117 117 119 120 Chirong : NHOM HALOGEN Sa; 29 ; Khai quat ve nhom halogen Sa; 30 Clo Sa; 31 : Hidro clorua - Axit clohidric Sa; 32 : Hdp chat c6 oxi cua clo Bai 33 : Luyen tap ve clo va hpp chat cua clo Sa; 34 Flo Sa; 35 Brom Sa; 36 -lot Bai 37 : Luyen tap chu'dng 122 122 124 126 127 129 130 131 132 133 Chirong : NHOM OXI Bai 40 : Khai quat ve nhdm oxi Sa; 47 Oxi Bai 42 : Ozon vS hidro peoxit Sa; 43 -Liru huynh Bai 44 : Hidro sunfua Sa; 45 ; Hop chat cd oxi cCia luu huynh Bai 46 : Luyen tap chiTdng Chirong : TOC DO PHAN CfNG VA CAN BANG HOA HOC Bai 49 : Tdc dp phan dng hoa hpc Bai 50 : Can bang hoa hpc Bai 51 : Luyen tap : Tdc dp phan ftng va can bang hoa hpc 101 101 103 105 134 134 135 136 138 140 ( 141 146 151 151 153 155 159 Chiu trdch nhiem xudt bdn : Chu tich HDQT kiSm T6ng GMm d6c N G TRAN AI Pho T6ng Giam d6c kifim Tdng bifin tap NGUYfeN QUt THAO Bien tap ldn ddu : HOANG Kl£u TRANG - Vl/ONG MINH CHAU Bien tap tdi bdn : HOANG Klfiu TRANG Bien tap IcT thudt: N G KIM ANH Trinh bdy bia vd vehinh : PHAN HUONG Sica bdn in : HOANG Klfiu TRANG Che bdn : C N G TY CP THI^T K^ VA PHAT HANH SACH GIAO DUC BAI TAP HOA HOC 10 - NANG CAO SACH BAI TAP Ma s6: NB008T0 In 10.000 cuon (QD35 BT/KH10), khd 17 x 24 cm In tai Cong ty TNHH MTV In Quan dpi Sd in: 0358 So xuat ban : 01-2010/CXB/640-1485/GD In xong va nop luu chieu thang nam 2010 160 VUONG MIEN KIM C U O N G CHAT LUpNG QUOC TE HUAN CHUONG HO CHI MINH SACH BAI TAP L P 10 BAI TAP DAI S6 10 BAI TAP TIN HOC 10 BAI TAP HiNH HOC 10 B A I T A P T I ^ N G A N H I O BAI TAP VAT BAI TAP TI^NG PHAP 10 LI 10 BAI TAP TI^NG NGA 10 BAI TAP HOA HOC 10 BAI TAP NGUr VAN 10 (tap mot, tap hai) S A C H BAI T A P LCJP - N A N G C A O BAI TAP DAI S 10 BAI TAP HOA HOC 10 BAI TAP HlNH HOC 10 BAI TAP NGO VAN 10 (tap mot, tap hai) BAI TAP VAT Ll 10 • BAI TAP TI^NG ANH 10 Ban dpc C the mua sach tai: O • Cac Cong ty Sach - Thiet bi truong hoc cac dia phuang • Cong ty CP Dau tu va Phat tri6n Giao due Ha Noi, 187B Giang Vo, TP Ha Noi • Cong ty CP Dau tu va Phat trien Giao due Phuang Nam, 231 Nguyen Van Cu, Quan 5, TP HCM • Cong ty CP Dau tu va Phat trien Giao due Da Nang, 15 Nguyen Chi Thanh, TP Da Nang hoac cac cfta hang sach cua Nha xuat ban Giao due Viet Nam : TaiTP Ha Noi: Tai TP Da NEng : Tai TP H6 Chi Minh Tai TP Can Tha : 187 Giang Vo ; 232 Tay Son ; 23 Trang Tien ; 25 Han Thuyen ; 32E Kim Ma ; 14/3 Nguyin Khanh Toan 78 Pasteur ; 247 Hai Phong 104 Mai Thi Luu ; 2A Dinh Tien Hoang, Quan ; 240 Tran Binh Trpng ; 231 Nguyen Van Cu, Quan ; Binh Thai, Quan 11 5/5 Duong 30/4 Website: www.nxbgd.com.vn 9 "0 Gia: 7.200d ... + H2t 4.18 a) 5H2O2 + 2KMn04 + 3H2SO4 -^ 5O2 + K2SO4 + 2MnS04 + ^HjO H2O2 la chdt khft, KMn04 la chd''t oxi hod b) 2, 72% 4.19 a) C2H5OH + 2K2Cr207 + 8H2SO4 -> 2CO2 + 2Cr2(S04)3 + 2K2SO4 + 1IH2O... 0, 02% Ngudi lai xe da pham ludt 118 4 .20 * a) 6FeS04 + 2HNO3 + 3H2SO4 -^ 3Fe2(S04)3 + N + 4H2O b) Mn(0H )2 + CI2 + 2KOH -^ Mn 02 + 2KC1 + 2H2O c) 2Mn 02 + O2 + 4KOH -> 2K2Mn04 + 2H2O d) 2NH3 + 3Br2... 4H2O chdt khft chd''t oxi hod 4.14 Fe203 + C — ^ 4.15 2HgO 2KCIO3 4.16 S + O2 — ^ 2Fe + 3CO2 — ^ H g + O2 — ^ K C l + 3 02 SO2 S + 2Na ^ Na2S 4.17 C2H5OH + O - ^ C t +3H2O 2C2H5OH + 2Na -> 2C2H50Na