MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY LE DUY HANH A STUDY ON THE LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE DISCOURSE MARKER “BUT” AND THEIR VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION EQUIVALENTS (NGHIÊN C U V CÁC C I M NGÔN NG C AD U HI U DI N NGÔN “BUT” VÀ NH NG TƯƠNG ƯƠNG D CH THU T C A CHÚNG TRONG TI NG VI T) M.A THESIS Field: English Language Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Assoc.Prof Le Hung Tien, Ph.D HANOI - 2013 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that no part of the enclosed Master Thesis has been copied or reproduced by me from any other’s work without acknowledgement and that the thesis is originally written by me under strict guidance of my supervisor Hanoi, 26, November, 2013 Candidate LE DUY HANH Approved by ASSOC.PROF DR LE HUNG TIEN LE HUNG TIEN ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For a work of this magnitude to come to an end, a number of people deserve to be thanked First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Dr Le Hung Tien for his patience, motivation and encouragement Without his guidance and leadership, this work would never have been possible I would also like to express my heartfelt thanks to my lecturers whose profundity has influenced my way of thinking about doing researches I also want to express my appreciation to my colleagues and friends, who were always ready to support me when I had difficulties during the time of studying I also want to send my special thanks to the staffs of Faculty of Post-graduate for the enthusiastic assistance Last but not least, I would like to express a word of appreciation to my wife and family for their support, care and encouragement during my course of study To all of them I dedicate this work iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Adj: Adjective Adj P: Adjective phrase Adv: Adverb AUX: Auxiliary verb DM: Discourse marker DMs: Discourse markers N: Noun NP: Noun Phrase O: Object PP: Prepositional Phrase Prep P: Present participle Phrase PP P: Past participle Phrase S: Subject SL: Source language TL: Target language V: Verb VP: Verb Phrase iv LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Description of Positions of 'But' in the Sentence and its Vietnamese Equivalents 32 Table 3.2: Syntactic Functions of "Only" and Its Vietnamese Equivalents 41 Table 3.3: Semantic Features of “ BUT” and Its Vietnamese Equivalents 52 Table 3.4: “BUT” used for emphasis 57 Table 3.5: “BUT” used to show feelings or attitudes 64 Table 3.6: “BUT” used to confirm 66 Table 3.7: “BUT” used to draw the hearer’s attention 67 Table 3.8: Pragmatic Features of “BUT” and its Vietnamese equivalents 68 Table 3.9: Syntactic Functions of “ BUT” and Its Vietnamese equivalents 71 Table 3.10: Description Similarities and Differencies of the discourse marker “BUT” in English and its Vietnamese equivalents 72 TABLE OF CONTENT Declaration i Acknowledgement ii List of abbreviations iii List of tables iv Table of content v Part I: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale Aims and Objectives 3 Research questions Scope of the study Methods of the study Design of the study Part II: DEVELOPMENT Chapter 1: Theoretical Background 1.1 Literature Review 1.1.1 Review of Previous Studies Related to the Research Topic 13 1.1.2 Review of Previous Studies Related to the Research Topic in Viet Nam 13 1.2 14 Theoretical background 1.2.1 Syntactic Features 14 1.2.1.1 Word classes 14 1.2.1.2 The Properties of Sentence Structure 15 1.2.2 Semantic Features 15 1.2.2.1 Meaning 16 1.2.2.2 Word meaning 16 1.2.2.2.1 Grammatical meaning 17 1.2.2.2.2 Lexical meaning 17 1.2.2.3 Phrase and Sentence Meaning 17 1.2.3 Pragmatic Features 18 1.2.3.1 Speech Acts Theory 18 1.2.3.2 Discourse markers 20 1.2.3.3 Relevance - Theory Approach 21 1.2.3.4 Politeness Theory 24 1.2.3.5 Utterance Meaning and Context 25 1.2.4 Translation 26 1.2.4.1 What is Translation 26 1.2.4.2 Translation Equivalence 26 Chapter 2: Methodology 28 2.1 Research Procedures 28 2.2 Sampling and Population 28 2.3 Data Collection 28 2.4 Data Analysis 29 Chapter : Findings and Discussions 30 3.1 30 Syntactic features of “BUT” and its Vietnamese translation equivalents 3.1.1 Positions of “BUT” in the Sentence and its Vietnamese Equivalents 30 3.1.1.1 Initial positions 30 3.1.1.2 Medial positions 31 3.1.1.3 Final position 32 3.1.2 Syntactic Functions of "BUT" in the Sentences and Its Vietnamese Equivalents 33 3.1.2.1 Pre-modifying a noun phrase 33 3.1.2.2 Pre-modifying a Prepositional Phrase 34 3.1.2.3 Pre -modifying an Adjective Phrase 35 3.1.2.4 Pre-modifying an Adverbial Phrase 35 3.1.2.5 Pre-modifying a To infinitive phrase 35 3.1.2.6 Pre-modifying a bare infinitive phrase 35 3.1.2.7 Pre-modifying a present participle phrase 37 3.1.2.8 Pre-modifying a Past Participle Phrase 38 3.1.2.9 Pre-modifying an imperative Clause 39 3.1.2.10 Pre-modifying a declarative phrase 39 3.1.2.11 Pre-modifying an interogative Phrase 39 3.1.2.12 Pre-modifying a finite verb phrase 39 3.2 Semantics features of “BUT” and Its Vietnamese translation Equivalents 43 3.2.1 “BUT” used as a conjuction 43 3.2.1.1 “BUT” used as “On the contrary, Yet” 43 3.2.1.2 “BUT” used as “ Otherwise than” 44 3.2.1.3 “BUT” used as “Unless, If not” 45 3.2.1.4 “BUT” used as “However,Nethertheless” 45 3.2.1.5 “BUT” used as “Although, Though, Even Though” 46 3.2.1.6 “BUT” used as “So, Therefore” 47 3.2.1.7 “BUT” used as “Whether” 48 3.2.2 “BUT” used a preposition 48 3.2.2.1 48 “BUT” used as “Except, With the exception of” 3.2.3 “ BUT” used as an adverb 49 3.2.3.1 “BUT” used as “Only” 49 3.2.3.2 “BUT” used as “ Also” 50 3.2.4 “BUT” used as a noun 50 3.3 52 Pragmatic features of “BUT” and Its Vietnamese Equivalents 3.3.1 “BUT” used to emphasize 52 3.3.1.1 An Exception from the point of view of the speaker 52 3.3.1.2 The truth condition 53 3.3.1.3 A particular time 52 3.3.1.4 A Truth from the speaker’s point of view 54 3.3.1.5 A Contrast 54 3.3.2 “BUT” used to show feelings or attitudes 56 3.3.2.1 Disappointment 56 3.3.2.2 Dissatisfaction 57 3.3.2.3 3.3.2.4 3.3.2.5 3.3.2.6 Regret A Surprise A Sense of criticism Uncertainty or Doubt 58 58 58 59 3.3.2.7 3.3.2.8 3.3.2.9 3.3.2.10 A Warning Unusuality A Wish or Hope Disagreement 59 60 60 61 3.3.3 “BUT” used to confirm 3.3.3.1 To confirm the truth of a situation 3.3.3.2 To confirm an obvious reality 3.3.4 “BUT” used to draw the hear’s attention 3.4 Similarities and Differences between “BUT” in English and their Vietnamese translation equivalents 63 63 63 64 65 3.4.1 Similarities and Differences in Syntactic Features of "BUT" in English and Vietnamese 3.4.1.1.Similarities and differencies in the syntactic positions of “BUT” in English and Vietnamese 65 65 3.4.1.2 Similarities and differencies in the syntactic functions of “BUT” in English and Vietnamese 3.4.2 Similarities and Differences in Semantic Features of "BUT" in English and Vietnamese 65 3.4.3 Similarities and Differences in Pragmatic Features of "BUT" in English and Vietnamese Part III: CONCLUSION 67 Recapitulation Limitations Suggestions for a further study REFERENCES APPENDICES 67 71 71 72 73 PART I: INTRODUCTION Rationale of the study English has played a vital role in society and made considerable contribution to education, culture, science and technology The number of people learning English for various purposes (such as for job, business, traveling…) is continually on the increase everyday The development of new technology has rapidly leaded to the worldwide use of English and it seems that the future of English as an international language is undoubtedly evident and this is an irresistible trend In addition, as a result of rapid globalization and increasing international trade, much more demand has been made for people who can communicate orally in English Therefore, to understand any languages more deeply and clearly, language learners should know not only people, customs, cultures, but also the theory of its language to get a thorough insight into the language Especially, in the trend towards internationalization, English has had worldwide recognition for ages and become both the most popular language and an important tool in international communication and integration Generally, translation is a process during which a message expressed in a particular source language is linguistically transformed into the target language Consequently translators may be seen as mediators responsible for the adequate rendering of the message In order to convey the intended meaning and associated implications translators must first of all correctly interpret the source text Discourse markers best testify that every little and seemingly insignificant detail must be given an adequate treatment These innocent minor words familiar to everyone, but whose presence often remains imperceptible, turn out to be capable of expressing a variety of important conversational functions and guide the collocutor towards the intended interpretation of an utterance When employed in a literary work they acquire some additional functions, i.e they may serve as stylistic devices subtly alluding to the inner state of the characters, contributing to their more vivid portrayal or to the depiction of emotional nuances associated with a particular situation Discourse markers, in Green’s words, “may speak volumes about the person who uses them” (Green, 1990) 277 On James’s left was Lupin, even then a little shabby-looking, but he had the same air of delighted surprise at finding himself liked Bên trái ba th y Lupin, v n ăn m c rát xồng xĩnh, th y có m t s vui thích ng c nhiên th y v y 278 Sirius had left him everything, but it would not budged Chú Sirius ã l i cho m i th , t m nh v n ko h nhúc nhích 279 You know it only rises about two feet off the ground but he nearly killed the cat C u bi t y, ch bay kh i m t t ch kho ng feet mà th ng bé gi t ch t mèo 280 Of course James thought it was so funny, say he’s going to be a great Quidditch player, but we’ve had to pack away all the ornaments Dĩ nhiên anh James cho r ng chuy n ó r t thú v , anh b o r ng mai sau s tr thành m t c u th Quiddtch t v i, gi b n ph i c t h t nh ng trang trí 281 He tries not to show it but I can tell - also Dumbledore’s still got his Invisibility Cloak, so no chance of little excursions Anh y c ko th hi n bi t c Dumbledore v n gi t m áo khoác tàng hình, th ko th có cu c d o chơi nho nh h t 282 I thought he seemed down, but that was probably the next about the McKinnons Mình th y c u có v suy s p, có l ph i thơi sau nh ng ã x y v i gia ình McKinnons 283 He read the letter again, but could not take in any more meaning than he had done the first time Nó c l i ko th tìm thêm b t kì ý nghĩa so v i l n c u tiên 284 “ Harry, I know you really want to go Godric’s Hollow, but I’m scared” “ Harry, bi t c u th c s mu n n thung lũng Godric, s ” 285 He agreed, but grudgingly Nó ng ý m t cách mi n cư ng 286 Excitement trickled through Harry, but he was not immediately sure why S kích ng tràn ng p l y Harry, ko ch c ch n t i 287 “ Is your mum’s letter? but I didn’t see” Trong thư c a má c u à? Nhưng nghĩ ko th y 288 The drwers contents had been turned over recently, the dust disturbed, but there was nothing of value there Nh ng ngăn kéo ã c lôi ra, b i b n kh p nơi, ko có giá ây 289 They combed every inch of the room for more than an hour, but we forced, finally, to conclude that he locket was not there B n chúng l c l i t ng thư c m t c a phòng m t gi , bu c ph i th a nh n r ng, m t dây chuy n k có ây 290 Kreacher told the sneak thief to stop, but Mundungus Fletcher laughed and ran Kreacher ã nói v i tên tr m y d ng l i, tên Mundungus Fletcher y ch cư i ch y 104 291 When he spoke, his voice was muffled, but quite distinct in the silent, echoing kitchen Khi nói, ti ng nói b bóp ngh n l i, v n r t nghe rõ ràng s im l ng d i l i kh p nhà b p 292 The Dark Lord didn’t tell Kreacher what they were to do, but took Kreacher with him to a cave beside the sea Chúa t H c Ám ko nói ph i làm gì, ưa Kreacher n m t hang g n bi n 293 He cried for his Mistress Black, but the Dark Lord only laughed Nó c u c u bà ch Black, Chúa t H c Ám ch cư i 294 “I know- but how did you scape the Inferi?” “ Ta bi t- làm th mi thoát kh i b n Âm binh? 295 “ I know, but – Well, it’s obvious, isn’t it, Harry?” “ Ta bi t, nhưng- Ch ng ph i m i th ã rõ ràng sao, Harry?” 296 And he told Kreacher to go home and never to teel my Mistress What he had done but to destroy the first locket Và c u ch d n Kreacher ph i v nhà- ko c nói v i bà ch - nh ng c u ã làmnhưng ph i tiêu h y 297 “I told you not to call her ‘ Mudblood !’ Snarled Harry, but the elf was already punishing himself” “ Ta b o mi ko c g i ngư i khác ‘ Máu bùn’ mà! Harry g m g , gia tinh ã t tr ng ph t 298 Kreacher tried everything, everything he knew, but nothing, nothing would work Kreacher ã th m i th , ko có gì, ko có hi u qu c 299 Kreacher was sure the way to destroy it was to get inside it, but it would not open Kreacher ch c ch n r ng tiêu di t nó, ph i m ra, ko h m 300 Tears flowed down Hermione’s cheeks as she watched Kreacher, but she did not dare touch him again Nư c m t lăn dài má Hermione, bé ko dám ch m vào gia tinh l nn a 301 Regulus died to bring Voldemort down, but you were still happy to betray Sirius to Voldemort? Voldemort c gi t mi, Regulus ch t làm cho Voldemort s p mi v n vui bán ng Sirius Voldemort ? 302 She went on as Harry began to protest that Regulus change his mind but he doesn’t seem to have explained that to Kreacher, does he? Cô bé ti p t c Harry nh ph n i, r ng Regulus ã thay i ý nh y âu có gi i thích cho Kreacher, ph i ko ? 303 He wanted to give the order kindly, but at the same time, he could not pretend that it was not an order Nó mu n l nh m t cách t t , lúc, ko th gi v r ng ó khơng ph i m t m nh l nh 304 Ron too lowered his wand, but Harry did not Ron h th p chi c ũa phép, song Harry khơng 105 305 Wrapped in a thick black travelling cloak, he looked exhausted, but pleased to see them Bao trùm m t chi c áo chùng du hành dày, ơng có v ki t s c, song v n r t hài lòng th y chúng 306 “Is everyone okay?” - “Yes” , said Lupin, but we’ra all being watched “ M i ngư i có n ko ? “ - “ n” , th y Lupin tr l i, u b theo dõi 307 I’d have been here three days ago but I needed to shake off the Death Eaters tailing me Ta ã ây t ba ngày trư c, ta ph i c t uôi tên T th n th c t ã bám theo ta 308 He looked disturbed, but as far as Harry was concerned that question could wait Nhìn ơng trông th t b i r i, v i nh ng i u Harry nh n th y, câu h i ó có th sau 309 “A mixture; but to all intents and purpose they’re the same thing now” – said Lupin C hai; v i chung âm mưu m c ích, bây gi chúng m t 310 There were about a dozen of them, but they didn’t know you were there, Harry Có kho ng m t tá tên, chúng ko bi t có ó, Harry 311 He had never liked Scrimgeour much, but if what Lupin said was true, the man’s final act had been to try to protect Harry Nó chưa bao gi u thích ơng Scrimgeour, hành ng qu c m cu i c a ngư i àn ông y ã b o v m ng s ng c a Harry 312 They found the ghoul but didn’t want to get too close and then they interrogated those of us who remained for hours B T th n th c t s c s o trang tr i Hang Sóc t xu ng dư i chúng tra h i hàng gi 313 They were trying to get information on you, Harry, but of course nobody apart from the Order knew that you had been there Chúng c h t s c tìm thông tin v con, Harry à, dĩ nhiên ko H i bi t c ây, Harry 314 “No death”, he added quickly, foretalling the question, but they were rough “Ko ch t âu”, ông nhanh chóng thêm vào, ch c trư c câu h i chúng c c kì b o 315 They burned down Dedalus Diggle’s house, but as you know he wasn’t there Chúng t nhà c a Dedalus Diggle, t t nhiên ơng y ko cịn ó 316 They’re all right shaken, obviously, but otherwise okay H n c , run r y, hi n nhiên mà v n n 317 Ron and Hermione gave roars of outrage, but Harry said nothing Ron Hermione g m lên gi n gi , Harry ch im l ng 318 Nobody but those who had been on top of the tower when Dumbledore died knew who had really killed him Ch ng cịn ngồi bi t xác k ã gi t c 319 Effectively, he is the Minister, but why should he sit behind a desk at the Minstry? 106 Th c t , h n B trư ng, vi c h n ph i ng i sau chi c bàn gi y B ? 320 Voldemort hasn’t only set a price upon your head, but sown doubt and fear amongst many who would have defended you Voldemort ko ch t o m t giá cho tính m ng c a con, mà cịn reo gi c nghi ng s hãi v r t nhi u i l ph i b o v 321 “Thank you, Ron, but I couldn’t let you-” ” Mình c m ơn,Ron, ko th c u-“ 322 “It’s…it’s ” , he muttered, struggling to find words that did justice to the horror of his thoughts, but Lupin said quietly “ Th t th t ”, l m b m, g ng s c tìm m t t mà có th ngang b ng v i n i ghê t m sâu s c lịng nó, th y Lupin ã nh nhàng nói 323 I’ll understand if you can’t confirm this, Harry, but the Order is under the impression that Dumbledore leeft you a mission Ta hi u n u ko th xác nh n, Harry à, H i co c m tư ng r ng c Dumbledore giao cho m t nhi m v 324 Harry didn’t know where his rage was coming from, but it had propelled him to his feet too làm ng Harry ko bi t âu b t phát gi n này, gi n y b td y 325 “ Harry, no!” , Hermione begged him, but he continued to glare into Lupin’s livid face “ Ko, Harry!” Hermione c u kh n, Harry v n ti p t c tr ng m t v khuôn m t nh t nh t c a th y Lupin 326 Remus, Remus, come back! Hermione cried, but Lupin didn’t respond Th y Remus, th y Remus ,quay l i ây! Hermione gào khóc, th y Lupin ko tr l i 327 Neither Ron nor Hermionr spoke, but Harry felt sure that they were looking at each other behind his back, communicating silently Ron Hermione u im l ng, bi t r ng hai a ang nhìn vào m t sau lưng nó, giao ti p im l ng 328 Albus looked several years older, but otherwise the two boys looked very alike Bé Albus trông già vài tu i, th t hai c u bé nhìn r t gi ng 329 Like Mould-on-the-wold, Godric’s Hollow was home to a number of Wizarding families, but as Kendra Knew none of them Gi ng vùng t i hoang, thung lũng Godric nơi cư ng c a r t nhi u gia ình Phù th y, b i Kendra ch ng bi t m t s ó 330 When you cleaned out this house of anything valuable” Harry began, but Mundungus interrupted him again “ Khi lão s c s o nhà tìm m i th giá tr ”, Harry b t u, Mundungus ã ng t l i 331 “We need him conscious, Kreacher, but if he needs persuading, you can the honors”, said Harry “Chúng ta c n lão y t nh táo, Kreacher à, Nhưng n u h n c n c thuy t ph c, ta giao cho y, Kreacher!” Harry nói 107 332 She was gonna fine me, but she took a fancy to the locket an told me she’d take it and let me off that time M ta s ph t ta, m ta t c bi t u thích vịng m h i ta n u m có th l y c 333 The man with the twisted face ointed and his closet companion, a podgy, pallid man, started forward, but a moment later they had relaxed into their previous state of inactivity, looking frustrated and dissapointed M t gã vowisk huôn m t nh n nhăn nhúm i m t tên béo lùn xanh xao v i ti n v phía trư c, ch m t lát sau, b n chúng ã tr v tình tr ng trư c ó, trơng m t m i th t v ng 334 “Sorry?” – said Ron, but Harry understood “ Cái cơ?” – Ron nói, Harry ã hi u 335 Dad said everyone from Magical Maintenance wears navy blue robes, but you never told us that! Ba nói r ng t t c nh ng ngư i S B o Dư ng Phép thu t u m c áo choàng xanh da tr i s m màu, c u chưa bao gi nói v i b n i u ó! 336 It’s one thing hanging around the entrances under the Cloak, but this is different Vi c y vi c quanh qu n ch l i vào dư i t m áo tàng hình vi c khác h n 337 Thanks, Kreacher, but I’ll be back in a minutue - uhm - bathroom C m ơn, Kreacher, ta s quay l i vài phút n a - m – nhà t m 338 Harry and Ron threw the Invisibility Cloak over themselves but Hermione remained in view, waiting Harry Ron khốc áo chồng Tàng hình lên ngư i Hermione v n ng ó, i ch 339 “I must today – must go – But that just silly!”, said Hermione, alarmed “ Ngày hôm nay- ph i i- th t l b ch?” Hermione c nh cáo 340 Leaving nothing behind, but the bag Ron had snatched from his hand as he went and some flying chunks of vomit khơng l i ngồi túi Ron ã l y tr m c t tay ơng cịn nơn m a 341 He had to wait ten minutes, but it seemed much longer to Harry Nó i 10 phút, v i Harry, dư ng th i gian nhi u th 342 Looking around as surreptitiously as possible, but there was no sign of the distinctive figure of Dolores Umbridge Nhìn quanh m t cách lút, ko có d u hi u v bónRon 343 Ron looked around as though hoping somebody else would intervene, but nobody spoke Ron nhìn quanh v i hi v ng ó s can thi p vào, ch ng nói 344 Harry, Ron and Hermione entered their, but nobody folled them Harry, Ron Hermione bư c vào thang máy khác, ko i theo 345 “We’ll come with you, we should stick together” – began Harry, but Ron shock his head feverishly “B n s i v i c u, s i v i nhau” – Harry b t u, Ron ã lu ng cu ng l c u 108 346 You two find Umbridge, I’ll go and sort out Yaxley’s office – but how I stop a raining? Hai c u i tìm m Umbridge, s i s p x p m i vi c văn phịng c a tên Yaxxley ó- làm th ng ng tr n mưa l i c? 347 Searching his pockets desperately for a quill, but at that moment the lift juddered to a half Tìm túi m t bút lơng ng ng, vào lúc này, thang máy ã lúc l c d ng l i 348 It seemed most unlikely that Umbridge would keep her jewelry in her office, but – on the other hand it seemed foolish not to search it to make sure Dư ng ko th có vi c m Umbridge gi trang s c c a m văn phòng, nhiên s th t ng c ngh ch n u ko th tìm ki m 349 He therefore set off – along the corridor again, passing nobody, but a frowning wizard Do ó l i ti p t c i d c hành lang, ko th y ngo i tr m t pháp sư cau mày 350 There was no author’s name upon the pamphlet, but again, the scars on the back of his righ hand seemeed to tingle as he examined it Ko có tên tác gi t p sách, m t l n n a nh ng v t s o tay ph i b ng ng a ran 351 Nothing happened, but he had not expected it to Khơng có x y ra, ko mong i i u x y 352 A fussy little lace box full of spare hair bows and clips, but no sign of locket M t h p nh c u kì có vi n ren y nh ng nơ k p tóc, ko h có d u hi u c a chi c m ay 353 Blood status: Pureblood, but with unacceptable pro-Muggle leanings Ngu n g c: Thu n ch ng, có tư tư ng ng h Muggle ko th ch p nh n 354 Harry crossed the room at a run and snatched it up, but realized that the moment he touched it that was not a mirror at all Harry ch y ngang phòng n v l y v t kia, lúc y m i nh n ó ko ph i m t chi c gương 355 Harry wondered whether it was a young Doge, but before he could check the caption, the door of the office opened Harry th c m c ko bi t ó có ph i ơng Dogle h i tr hay ko, trư c k p xem dịng ghi b ng c a phịng m 356 “I quite understand what you’re saying, Wakanda, but I’m afraid I cannot be -” “ Tôi hi u ch ang nói gì, Wankanda, e tơi ko th ng v phe-” 357 Harry made to follow him, but found his path blocked as Percy Weasley – strode into the lift Harry nh theo, l i i b ch n l i Percy Weasley xông vào thang máy, chúi mũi vào x p gi y mà ang c 358 He set off, his destination not the blach door, but the doorway he rememered on the left hand side Nó ti p t c lao i, ích n ko ph i cánh c a en mà l i i thông v i c u thang xu ng phòng x án, theo trí nh c a n m bên trái 109 359 He still had a couple of Decoy Detonators, but perhaps it would be better to simply knock on the courtroom door, enter as Runcorn Nóc cịn m t c p ngịi n i b y, có l t t h t ch gõ c a bư c vào v i b danjng Runcorn 360 “ Fight it!”, he told himself, but he knew that he could not conjure a Patronus here without revealing himself instantly “ Hãy ch ng l i!” nói v i b n thân, n u g i th n h m nh t i ây s b phát hi n l p t c 361 The man’s screams subsid, but dry sobs echoed through the cooridor Ti ng hét d n l ng xu ng, ti ng n c n v n vang v ng hành lang 362 Hermione had seen it, she let out a little squeak, but Umbridge and Yaxley still intent upon their pray Hermione nhìn th y; bé kh rít lên, Umbridge Yaxley cịn ang m i chăm vào m i 363 He tries to draw his own wand, but too late H n c rút ũa phép ra, mu n 364 The managed to get up the stone stops without being intercepted, but as they approached the lifts Harry started to have misgivings H bư c lên bawjc th m mà ko có ngăn c n, n ch thang máy Harry m i b t u c m th y lo s 365 I didn’t mean nothing, Albert, but I thought- I thought they were in for questioning Tơi ko có ý c , Albert, nghĩ- nghĩ h ang b th m v n 366 The real Reg Cattermole, no longer vomiting but pale and wan, had just come running out of a lift Reg Cattemole th c, ko cịn nơn m a n a trông xanh xao nh t nh t, bư c t m t thang máy 367 Darkness engulfed them, along with the sensation of comppressing hands, but something was wrong Bóng t i bao trùm b n chúng, v i c m giac tay b n m ch t,nhưng có ó ko n 368 And then he saw the door to number twelve, Grimmauld Place, with is serpent door knocked, but before he could draw breath Và r i th y cánh c u c a nhà s 12, qu ng trư ng Grimmauld, v i tay n m c a hình r n trư c có th hít vào 369 He pushed himself onto his hand and knees, ready to face some small, fierce, creature, but saw that the object was Ron’s foot Harry v i xoay ngư i l i ch ng tay nh m lên hai u g i, chu n b tinh th n i m t v i m t sinh v t nh , bé d t n ó, ó ch bàn chân c a Ron 370 He had always thought of Splinching as something comical, but this….his inside crawled unpleasantly as Hermione laid bare Ron’s upper arm Harry nghĩ vi c Tách thân m t i u y hài hư c l n này…nó th y ngư i c n cào Hermione t cánh tay tr n c a Ron xu ng 110 371 There are spells that would put him completely right, but I daren’t try in case I them wrong and cause more damage Có vài câu th n có th giúp c u y n ngay, ko dám th , trư ng h p làm sai s n c u y b thương n ng thêm 372 I with a reforced him to let go Revulsion Jinx, but I’d already taken him inside the Fidelius Charm’s protection Mình ã b t h n bng b ng bùa Th R i,nhưng ã l ưa h n vào vịng b o v c a bùa Trung tín 373 I couldn’t leave it there…but that’s how they knew there were intruders t nh p Mình ko th y…nhưng y lý di t i h bi t có nh ng k 374 He didn’t bother to grope inside it this time, but used another Summoning Charm Harry ko bu n thị tay vào ví l n này, s d ng bùa Tri u t p 375 “I’m sorry” – Ron said, moaning a little as he raised himself to look at them, but it feel like a – a jinx or something “Mình xin l i”- Ron nói, kh l m b m ng ng lên nhìn hai ngư i b n, c m giác m t – m t i m xui hay y 376 “Respect?” – Harry repeated, but Hermione shot him a warning look “Kính tr ng?”Harry l p l i, Hermione tr ng m t ngăn ko cho nói 377 He handed the locket back to Ron and Hermione, each of whom did their best, but were no more successful at opening it than be had been Nó ưa m ay cho Ron Hermione, m i a l i c g ng h t s c th , ko a làm t t vi c m m ay 378 It was as though he had been hurtling toward this point for weeks, months, maybe even years, but how he had come to an abrupt halt, run out of road i u th , m c dùa ã t c m c ích c a sau nhi u tu n, nhi u tháng, th m chí nhi u năm, r i cu i l i n m t i m d ng l i b t ng , ko ng in a 379 There were other Horcruxes out there somewhere, but he did not have the faintest idea where they could be Có nh ng Horcruxes ang ngồi kia, ko có m t ý ni m rõ ràng v vi c có th nh ng nơi 380 Criously, it had not taken he ? At from his body, but lay so cold against his skin it might just have emerged from icy water i u kì l ko h thu nhi t t ngư i Harry, l i n m m t cách r t l nh l o ép vào da th t th m ay v a b nhúng xu ng nư c 381 Harry wanted to believe that Kreacher had changed toward him in the past month, that he would be loyal now, but who knew what would happen? Harry mu n tin r ng Kreacher ã thay i c nhìn v m t tháng qua, r ng bây gi ã tr nên trung thành, bi t c chuy n x y ra? 382 Angry, but wishing to avoid a row, Harry ducked back inside Khá t c gi n, ko mu n ch m m t cô nàng, Harry i vào b ng ng phía sau 383 He asked him to hand it over, but Gregorovitch said it had been stolen from him and then then 111 H n ta b t ông ta ph i giao ra, Gregorovitch nói th ó ã bijawn tr m r i r i 384 Maybe But wouldn’t it be dangerous for him to make another one? Có l , ch ng ph i s nguy hi m cho h n n u làm thêm m t n a? 385 Yeah, but maybe he doesn’t know that , có th h n ta ko bi t i u ó 386 He had soared from the windowsil like a bird, and Harry had seen before, but he could not think where… Anh ta nh y tung kh i khung c a s m t chim, Harry ã th y trư c ây, ko nghĩ âu 387 It was not much, but Harry felt that Mad-Eye would have much preferred this to being stuck on Dolores Umbridge’s door Khơng q nhi u, c m th y v y th y Moody s th y d chiu m t th y b k t sau cánh c a c u m Doroles Umbridge 388 It had taken all Harry’s willpower to uproot himself from the spot and run, leaving the eyeless dementors to glide amongst the Mggle who might not be able to see them, but would assuredly feel the despair they cast wherever they went Nó ch cịn bi t ch y, ch y th c m ng, ch y xa kh i nh ng tên Giám ng c ko có trịng m t ang trư n vado gi a nh ng cư dân Muggle, nh ng ngư i ko th th y chúng, l i c m th y c m t n i t v ng vơ hình chúng t o b t kì au chúng t i 389 I would, but my arm’s in a sling, in case you hadn’t noticed! Mình s i, tay ang m t m băng bó, n u c u ko nh n ra! 390 “Fine, but we’ll go somewhere else to find it” said Hermione with half a glance at Harry “ T t thơi,nhưng b n s i nơi khác tìm” Hermione nói, li c thống qua Harry 391 Hermione bore up reasonably well on those nights when they managed to scavenge nothing but berries or stale biscuit Kh nh n nh n c a cô bé i, nh ng lúc im l ng l i lỳ 392 He didn’t seem to have any ideas himself, but expected Harry and Hermione to come up with plan while he sat and brooded over the low food suuplies Nó có v ko ưa c ý ki n riêng nào, tin tư ng Harry Hermione s v ch c nh ng k ho ch lúc ng i nghi n ng m v ngu n cung c p th c ăn it i 393 “ I can’t see him hiding anything at Borgin and Burkes” said Harry, who had made this point many times before, but said it again simply to break the nasty silent “ Mình ko nghĩ h n gi u b t kỳ th Borgin Burkes”, Harry nh c l i i m mà ã c p t i r t nhi u l n trư c ây ơn gi n phá v s yên l ng khó ch u 394 Harry knew that Ron was hoping to bear news of his family or the rest of the Order of the Phoenix, but after all, he, Harry, was not a television aerial Harry th a bi t Ron mong m i hư ng v phía nh ng tin t c t gia ình Weasley hay t nh ng thành viên cịn l i h i phư ng hồng, xét cho cùng, Harry ko ph i ăngten vô n 112 395 In desperation he tried to think of further Horcrux locations, but the only one that continued to occur to him was Hogwarts Trong t v ng, v t óc nghĩ t i nh ng v trí xa có th c t gi u Horcrux, lóe lên u quanh i qu n l i ch Hogwarts 396 Harry estimated that their owners were fewer than twenty feet away, but the cascading river made it impossible to tell for sure Harry c ch ng ch cách b n 20 bư c chân, ti ng ch y m m thác c u sông n ko dám ch c 397 Over the murmur of the river he could make out more voices, but they were not speaking English or any human language hed ever heard B qua ti ng nư c ch y róc rách, nghe c thêm vài gi ng nói n a, h ko dùng ti ng Anh hay b t kỳ th ti ng ngư i mà bi t 398 Nice to have a but of company Th t t có b n ng hành! 399 “Yeah”, said another voice, and Harry, Ron and Hermione started at each other, silent but besides themselves with excitement “Vâng”, m t gi ng nói khác vang lên, Harry, Ron Hermione tr m t lên nhìn nhau, im l ng gi a chúng có m t s ph n khích 400 Pleased, but surprised Vui m ng, ng c nhiên 401 Oh yes It is a coppy – an excellent coppy, it is true , but it was Wizard-made T t nhiên Nó m t b n sao- m t b n t v i, ò th t – pháp sư t o 402 “Unless he was asleep”, said Harry, but he still held his breath as Hermione knelt down in front of the empty canvas “ Tr ơng ta ng qn” Harry nói, v n nín th Hermione quỳ trư c khung tranh tr ng r ng 403 “I’m very sorry , Professor Black” said Hermione, “ But it’s a necessary precaution!” “ Cháu r t l y làm ti c, giáo sư Black” Hermione nói, ó s phịng ng a c n thi t! 404 The portraits of Hogwarts may commune with each other, but they cannot travel outside of the castle axcept to visit a painting of themselves elsewhere B c chân dung c a trư ng Hogwarts có th i thăm l n nhau, ko th i kh i ph m vi lâu dài 405 Or had he, in fact, told Harry, but Harry had not realized it at the time? Hay th t th y y ã k cho Harry, lúc ó Harry ko nh n 406 Perplexed, Harry looked to Hermione for help, but she shook her head, appaarently as nonplussed as he was Khá b i r i, Harry li c nhìn Hermione tìm ki m s giúp , c bé l c u m t cách b i r i gi ng h t 407 “Ron” Hermione said, but in such a quiet voice than Ron could pretend not to have heard it over the loud tattoo the rain was beating on the tent 113 “ Ron”, Hermione nói, nói nh t i m c Ron ko th gi v nghe c i u ti ng mưa rơi m m tr ng gõ d n d p ánh vào l u 408 “ Ron!” said Hermione, this time clearly audible over the rain thundering on the tent roof, but again, he ignored her “ Ron”, Hermione nói, l n này, gi ng cô bé nghe rõ th m chí c ti ng s m sét n ì ùng, Ron v n l cô bé i 409 “ Didn’t you hear what they said about my sister? But you don’t give a rat’s fart, you?” “ C u ko nghe h nói v em gái sao? Và c u ko thèm ý m t c c phân v nó, ph i ko ?” 410 Hermione, who was already busy in the kitchen, did not wish Harry good morning, but turned her face away quickly as he went by Hermione, ang b n r n b p, ko nói v i Harry m t l i chào bu i sáng, mà v i quay i i ngang qua 411 Several time he saw her look up eagerly and he was sure she had deluded herself into thinking that she heard footsteps through the heavy rain, but no redhaired figure appeared Vài l n th y nàng hă h nhìn dáo dác ch c nàng ang t ánh l a nghĩ r ng có ti ng bư c chân mưa, r i ko có hình bóng c a m t u hoe xu t hi n 412 Saw nothing but rain-swept woods, another little parcel of fury exploded inside him Và ko th y c ngồi khu r ng sũng nư c mưa, m t ni m hân hoan m ng manh v a lóe lên ch t tan bi n 413 He watched her, supposing that he ought to go and comfort her, but something kept him rooted to the spot Nó nhìn Hermione, nghĩ r ng ph i n bên nàng d dành, m t ó gi ng yên m t ch 414 By day, he devoted themselve to trying to determine the possible locations of Gryffindor’s sword, but the more they talked about the places in which Dumbledore might have hidden it Ban ngày, chúng dành h t th i gian c g ng xác nh xem nh ng nơi có th có gươm c a Gryffindor, t i nói v nơi mà c Dumbledore có th c t gi gươm, lúc t i th y th t v ng mơ h 415 They had discovered one Horcrux, but they had no means of destroying it H ã phát hi n m t Trư ng Sinh Linh Giá, l i ko có cách phá h y 416 This scant news made Harry want to see Ginny so badly it felt like a stomachache, but it also made him think of Ron again, and Dumbledore anf of Hogwarts itself Thông tin hi m hoi làm Harry l i nung n u mu n g p l i Ginny, nh cô bé n t h i m t au d dày, g i cho nghĩ v Ron, v c Dumbledore c v Hogwarts 114 417 He could not imagine how much more she could get out of the book, which was not,after all, very long, but evidently she was still deciphering something in it Nó ko th tư ng tư ng ph i m t cô nàng r i m t kh i quy n sách, cu i cùng, ko lâu, rõ ràng cô v n ang gi i mã vài th ó 418 “I know that; but it isn’t a rune and it’s not in the syllabary, either” “Mình bi t ch , ko ph i ch Rune ko có quy n sách ánh v n 419 All along, I though it was a picture of an eye, but I don’t think it is! Mình nghĩ r ng hình nh m t m t, l i ko cho r ng ó ch m t m t 420 She didn’t speak, but continued to pore over the strange mark Cơ nàng ng ng nói, ti p t c nhìn ăm ăm vào d u hi u l lùng ó 421 She looked up at him, but her eyes were unfocused and he was she still thinking about the mysterious mark on the book Cô nàng ngư c nhìn nó, m t ko t p trung ch c v n cịn ang nghĩ v d u hi bí n quy n sách 422 I’ll be dangerous, but the more I think about it, the more likely it seems it’s there Có th s nguy hi m y, nghĩ v i u ó, th y ch có nơi ó có th có 423 Yes, but we’ll have to think it through carefully, Harry!” “ , b n s ph i tính tốn k Harry à!” 424 Harry let her talk, nodding and agreeing whenever there was a pause, but his mind had leeft the conversation Harry cho nàng nói, g t u tán ng m i lúc ng t quãng, u óc c a l i bên ngồi cu c nói chuy n 425 It was in Godric’s Hollow that, but for Voldemort,he would hace grown up and spent every school holiday T i Voldemort, n u ko ã l n lên ngh hè t i thung lũng Godric vào m i năm 426 Harry would gladly gave set out for Godric’s Hollow the following day, but Hermione had other ideas Harry vui v nghĩ t i chuy n kh i hành i n thung lũng Godric vào hơm sau, Hermione có ý ki n khác 427 “No, but look!” “ Không, nhìn này!” 428 He couldn’t look at her, but returned the pressure now taking deep, sharp gulps of the night air Nó ko th nhìn nàng, áp l i, hít th m t ng m khơng khí l ng th t sâu c a êm 429 For a moment, Harry considered sussesting they take refuge inside it, but before he could say anything, Hermione murmured “ Let’s go this way” Trong giây lát, Harry xem xét có nên vào awrn náu hay ko, trư c lên ti ng,Hermione ã rì r m” i ng này” 115 430 She tugged at this arm, but Harry was not paying attention Cô bé kéo m nh cánh tay c a nó, Harry ko t v ý n 431 Most of the cottage was still satding, thuogh entirely covered in the dark ivy and snow, but the right side of the top floor had been blown apart Ph n lư n nhà v n cịn ó, b che ph hồn toàn b i Trư ng xuân en t, phía bên ph i c a t ng ã b th i bung 432 He slipped a hand from beneath the Cloak and grasped the snowy and thickly rusted gate, not wishing to open it, but simply so he’d some part of the house Nó ưa bàn tay t phía dư i áo khốc s n n t ng t n l p r sét dày c a cánh c ng, ko ph i mu n m ra, mu n c m nh n c m t ph n ó c a nhà 433 Harry was waiting to see whether she would turn into any of the cottages she was passing, but he knew instinctively that she would not Harry v n ch i xem bà s vào m t ngơi nhà ó mà bà s i ngang hay ko, theo b n năng, bi t, bà ta s ko làm th 434 Bathilda was tottering around the place lighting candles, but it was still very dark, not to mention extremely dirty Bà Bathilda ang l o o kh p phòng y nh ng ng n n n l p lòe, ây v n r t t i, chưa mu n nói n chuy n r t b n th u 435 “Well, okay then, but be quick, Harry” “ Thôi c r i, nhanh nhé, Harry” 436 Harry glaced back at Hermione with a reassuring smile, but he was not sure she had seen it Harry thoáng li c nhìn v phía Hermione v i m t n cư i t tin, b n thân l i ko ch c ch n cô bé có th y ko 437 “ Have you got anything for me?” Harry asked, but she seemed distracted by his lit wandtip “Bà có ưa cho cháu ko?” Harry l p l i R i bà ta nh m m t m i th x y m t lúc 438 He bent and santched it up, but now the room was full of the snake, its tail thrashing Nó cúi xu ng nh t ũa phéo c a lên, gi ây, phịng tồn r n, i c a qu t p giư d i 439 Hermione was nowhere to be seen and for a moment Harry thought the worst, but then there was a loud bang and a flash of red light Hermione gi ko th y âu, giây lát, Harry nghĩ n i u t h i nh t, sau ó m t ti ng n l n m t tia sáng phóng 440 Harry raised his wand, but as he did so, his scar seared more pain fully, more powerfully than it had done in years Harry giơ cao ũa phép, làm i u ó, v t s o c a nóng b t, âu d n b t kì lúc năm 441 The snake reared again, but Harry knew that worse than the snake was coming r n ng ng u lên l n n a, Harry bi t i u t h i vi c ocn r n n, có l l i ra, u c a n t s o au n 116 442 And he was gliding along, theat sense of purpose and power and rightness in him that he always knew on these occasions…No longer…that was for weaker souls than he…but triumph, yes… Và h n nag lư t qua, c m giác v nh ng m c ích, s c m nh nh ng i u úng h n luôn c bi t n d p ko t c gi n ch có nh ng k y u t h n…nhưng vui m ng, ph i… 443 One simple movement and the child would never reach his mother…but unnescessary, quite unnescessary… Ch m t ng tác ơn gi n th ng bé ó s ko bao gi g p l i c m c a mình, i u ó ko c n thi t,ch ko c n thi t… 444 The gate creaked a little as he pushed it open, but James Potter did not hear Cánh c ng c t k t h n y c a vào, James Potter ko nghe th y 445 He could hear her screaming from the upper floor, trapped, but as long as she was sensible, she, at least, had nothing to fear H n có th nghe th y ti ng hét c a cô y t l u tên, b m c k t, ch ng y cịn s ng, y, nh t ko có s … 446 He could have forced her away from the crid, but it seemed more prudent to finish them all H n có th b t cô y tránh xa nôi, h n có v th n tr ng k t li u t t c b n h 447 He was nothing, nothing, but pain and terrror, and he must hide himself, not here H n ko cịn n a, ko cịn tr s au n n i kinh hoàng, h n l n tr n, ko ph i ây 448 “The snake hit you too, but I’ve cleaned the wound and put some dittany on it…” “Con r n t n công c u, ã lau s ch v t thương t m t b ch ti n lên ó ” 449 She didn’t want to talk in front of you, because it was Parseltongue, all Parseltongue, and I didn’t realize, but of course I could understand her Bà ta ko mu n nói trư c m t c u b i ó Xà-ng , t t c Xà-ng , minh ko nh n i u y, dĩ nhiên hi u c bà ta 450 “No offense, but you lookt terible.” “ ng b c mình, c u tông th t t h i” 451 Hermione’s wand gave alittle jerk, but did not leave her hand Cây ũa c a Hermione gi t nh , ko r i kh i bàn tay c a cô bé 452 Lupin says you’ve got an Invisibility Cloak, but it won’t stay on while we’re flying; this’ll disguise you better Lupin nói r ng có Áo Tàng Hình, v y ng l i ây bay, s giúp n than t t 117 118 ... translation equivalents? What are the semantic features of "BUT" in English and its Vietnamese translation equivalents? What are the pragmatic features of "BUT" in English and its Vietnamese translation. .. of the discourse marker ? ?BUT? ?? in English and Vietnamese The contrastive analysis of the discourse maker "BUT" and the Vietnamese translation equivalents is based on the description of its meanings... the action In(12) the red brick is the patient and on the wall is the location The semantic relationship that we have called as above patient, agent and location are among the semantic relations