A study of common greetings in english and vietnamese

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A study of common greetings in english and vietnamese

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P age | i MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOIOPENUNIVERSITY  Nguyen Xuan Thanh A STUDY OF COMMON GREETINGS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÁCH CHÀO HỎI THÔNG DỤNG TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT M.A. THESIS HANOI- 2013 P age | ii MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOIOPENUNIVERSITY  Nguyen Xuan Thanh A STUDY OF COMMON GREETINGS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÁCH CHÀO HỎI THÔNG DỤNG TRONG TIẾNG VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT ANH M.A. THESIS Field : English Language Code : 60220201 Supervisor : Assoc.Prof. Phan Van Que, Ph.D HANOI- 2013 Page | i DECLARATION Title: A study of comment greetings in English and Vietnamese I hereby declare that no part of the enclosed Master Thesis has been copied or reproduced by me from any other’s work without acknowledgement and that the thesis is originally written by me under strict guidance of my supervisor. Hanoi, 15 th October, 2013 Candidate Nguyen Xuan Thanh Approved by Assoc.Prof. Phan Van Que, Ph.D Page | ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my special thanks to my supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phan Van Que (Ha Noi Open University, Ministry of Education and Training) for his invaluable guidance, instructive comments and encouragement throughout this study. My special thanks go to all my lecturers in English Department, Department of Post Graduate Studies, Ha Noi Open University for their precious assistance, enthusiasm, valuable knowledge which enlightened the arguments in the study. I also wish to acknowledge my friends, Mrs. Vu Thi Kim Dung and Ms.Nguyen Thi Thu Hangfor her helpful suggestions, constructive ideas and encouragement which have been useful for the accomplishment of the paper. My acknowledgement goes to the informants, Vietnamese and English native speakers, who spent their precious time completing the questionnaires. Finally, and the most, I owe my deep thanks to my family, especially my parents and my beloved wife, who gave me constant support, enormous encouragement and love throughout my M.A.course. Hanoi, October 2013 Nguyen Xuan Thanh Page | iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 1. Rationale of the study 2 2. Aims and purposes of the study 3 3. Research questions 4 4. Scope of the study 4 5. Methods of the study 5 6. Design of the study 5 PART II: DEVELOPMENT 7 CHAPTER 1: Literature review and theoretical background 7 1.1. Literature review… 8 1.1.1.Language and Communication ………………………………. 8 1.1.2. Communication and Greeting… 16 1.1.3.Greetings across culture 20 1.1.4. Greeting in Linguistics … 23 1.2.Theoretical background 24 1.2.1.Greeting defined… 24 1.2.2.Greeting classifined …. 26 1.2.3. The role of greeting in communication 30 CHAPTER 2: Methodology 32 2.1.The situations for studying …………………………………………. 32 2.2.The common verbal greetings …………………………………… 33 Page | iv 2.2.1.Formal and informal greetings ……………………………… . 34 2.2.2.Greeting on the run … ……………………………………… 37 2.2.3.Speedy greeting ……………………………………………… 38 2.2.4.The chat……………………………………………………… 39 2.2.5.The long greeting……………………………………………. 40 2.2.6.The intimate greeting ………………………………………… 41 2.2.7.The introductory greeting ……………………………………. 42 2.2.8.The all-business greeting …………………………………… 43 2.2.9.The re-greeting ………………………………………………. 44 2.3.The common nonverbal greetings……………………………… 45 2.3.1. Handshaking …………………………………………………. 47 2.3.2. Hugging/Embracing …………………………………………. 48 2.3.3. Waving ………………………………………………………. 50 2.3.4. The hi-five ……………………………………………….…… . 50 2.3.5.The bow ……………………………………………………… 51 2.3.6. The patting …………………………………………………… 52 2.3.7. The nodding ………………………………………………… 53 2.3.8. The raising eyebrows…………………………………………. 54 CHAPTER 3: Findings and discussion ……………………………… 55 3.1. Findings ……………………………………………………………. 55 3.1.1. Greeting as perceivable informants. …………………………. 55 Page | v 3.1.2. The similarities and differences in greeting between English and Vietnamese. ………………………………………………………… . 56 3.1.2.1.The similarities. …………………………………………… 56 3.1.2.2. The differences. ………………………………………… 57 3.2. Discussions. ………………………………………………………. 61 3.2.1. The combination of verbal greetings and nonverbal greetings in English and Vietnamese and their effectiveness in communication. ……………………………………………………………………… … 61 3.2.2. Considerations of factors affecting greeting. ………………. 66 CHAPTER 4: Implication …………………. ……………………… 68 4.1. The culture shocked avoidance when greeting in English and Vietnamese……………………………………………………………… . 68 4.2. Suggested common sensitive situations when greeting in English and Vietnamese ………………………………………………………………. . 72 PART III: Conclusion …………………………………………………… . 74 1. Recapitulation. ………………………………………………………. . 74 2. Limitations of the study …………………………………………… 76 3. Suggestions for a further study ………………………………………. . 77 REFERENCES I QUESTIONNAIRES IX Page | vi LIST OF TABLES 1. Table 1: Survey for background 7 2. Table 2: Greeting classification 27 3. Table 3: Verbal greetings classification. 34 4. Table 4: Nonverbal greetings classification 45 5. Table 5: The uses of greetings (For both the Vietnamese and English native speakers) 56 6. Table 6: Frequency of greetings in use (English and Vietnamese native speaker subjects) - 80 participants VI 7. Factors affecting greeting (English subjects) - 40 participants. VII 8. Factors affecting greeting (Vietnamese subjects) - 40 participants VIII Page | 1 PART I: INTRODUCTION It is not difficult to find evidence that greeting is such an important part of communicative skills, which is necessary for public speaking or any forms of community communications. Greetings can be one of the first verbal routines learned by children and certainly one of the first topics learned in foreign language classes. They are also of great interest to analysts of social interaction, who see them as established conditions for social encounters. There is a considerable number of ethological, linguistic, sociological, and ethnographic studies of greetings. However, despite its importance, topics on greetings have not received enough attention from the field of social sciences. Many clear definitions of greetings can be found, and therefore no systematic ways for deciding what greetings are qualified in a particular speech community. Then researchers have felt at ease identifying “greetings” in different languages and providing hypotheses about what greetings “do” for or to people. Eibl (Eibesfeldt’s 1977) had a great study on comparing humans to humans with other species, adult-adult interaction with mother – during face-to-face encounters, child interaction greetings are defined as rituals of appeasing and bonding that counteract potentially aggressive behavior. Many efforts and studies on nonverbal communication has been important in counterbalancing the tendency of other studies of greetings and has revealed commonalities across cultures that would have been missed were researchers concentrating exclusively on verbal behavior. It is easy to accept that all species share a concern for survival and safety, but it is less easy to believe that the meaning of such a concern could be the same across species. “Greetings in all societies are about continuity of relationships" is a famous saying of Goff-man(1971), but actually in use and application communicators can find the representation, conceptualization, and perception of continuity by Page | 2 humans are likely to be much more complex than those found in other species. Characterizing greetings can be faced withsome difficulties regarding differences across and within communities in what people say during greetings. Finally, greetings when displayed with pleasant actions might make sense in some contexts, especially in situations where verbal greetings are accompanied with smiles and other nonverbal as well as verbal displays of positive affect but it might not be generalized beyond such case. Biological can be interested in basically on greeting, their social functions, sequential organization, or illocutionary act have revealed a number of recurrent properties of greetings and have presented interesting hypotheses about the form and function of greetings. 1. Rationale of the study : According to a famous Italian film director, Federico Fellini (1982) said: "A different language is a different vision of life.” Language is an important part of our functional activity and which we often indicate in diagrammatic form, the varying communication patterns used in meetings and during negotiations. As we know that different cultures have different ways of communication. It is so popular for the learners of the second language to face difficulties in using the target language appropriately. Greeting is one of these problems. Greeting is considered to be an important aspect in cultural life of each nation. There are various ways of greetings in different cultures. Differences across cultures are likely to lead to misunderstanding or failure in communication and greetings. Each culture has its own characteristics in greetings. Greeting plays an important role in Vietnamese culture as this proverb stated: “Lời chào cao hơn mâm cỗ” or “Dao năng liếc năng sắc, người năng chào năng [...]... causes misinterpretations, misunderstandings and culture shock in English - Vietnamese crosscultural communication 3 Research questions: • What are the most common greetings( both in verbal and nonverbal) in English and Vietnamese? • How are the words and gestures combined for greetings in English and Vietnamese? • What kinds of greetings are similar and different in English and Vietnamese? • What are... my study 2 Aims and objectives of the study: The aims of the thesis are: Page | 3 • To study how to greet in English and Vietnamese (Verbal greetings and Nonverbal greetings) with illustrations • To study the similarities and differences of greetings in English and Vietnamese • To study how to combine words and gestures in greetings in English and Vietnamese • To analyze some types of greetings that... greetings in English and Vietnamese The sudy of Salman Dezhara of The University of Isfahan, Iran in 2012 named A comparative Study of Greeting Forms Common among Native Male and Female Speakers which showed out the effectiveness of gender on greeting in English The study of Xia Yan of Kristianstad University in 2010 named Politeness Strategies in English Adjacency Pairs- A gender Differentiated Study. .. formulated the distinction using the French word “language” for language as a concept, langue as a specific instance of a language system, and parole for the concrete usage of speech in a particular language When speaking of language as a general concept, definitions can be used to stress on different aspects of the phenomenon These definitions entail Page | 10 different approaches and understandings of. .. communicative commonality The communication process is complete when the receiver has understood the message of the sender Communication is defined as a process is“We assign and convey meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding” This process requires a vast repertoire of skills in intrapersonal and interpersonal processing as listening, observing, speaking, questioning, analyzing, and evaluating... may change within a culture depending on social status and relationship The phenomenon as such exists in all known human cultures, though Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically (verbal and non-verbal), and often involve a combination of the two and greetings are often used just prior to a conversation Some epochs and cultures from different countries and kingdoms have had a very elaborate... Vietnamese greetings and English greetings to help people who learn English, can understand more and deeper English in the erea of greting as well as the foreingers who learn Vietnamese, can communicate more effectively and avoid culture shocks as well to know the right ways of greetings and understand the culture of Vietnam better Goffman(11/June/1922 –19/November/1982) ,a Canadianborn sociologist and writer,... common greetings in one country can be used in another country, however some greetings does not apply The main scope of this study is to find out the common greetings for verbal and non-verbal greetings both in English and Vietnamese in the limitation of this study which is based on the informants and questionnaires provided 5 Methods of the study To achieve the statedaims, comparative method and contrastive... understandings of language too, and they inform different and often incompatible schools of linguistic theory Language can also be defined simply in different ways: Language is embedded in culture and the origin of spoken language is as old as humanity itself We could have an imagine people from the distant past living in families with a particular spoken tongue clustering together to form a clan Geographically... very elaborate greeting rituals, e.g., greeting of a king Secret societies have clandestine greeting rituals that allow members to recognize common membership Page | 27 Verbal and nonverbal communication may frame the meaning of conversations and cannot be separated during face-to-face talking or discussions People’s nonverbal signals are equally important as the words they speak and the tone of their . verbal and nonverbal) in English and Vietnamese? • How are the words and gestures combined for greetings in English and Vietnamese? • What kinds of greetings are similar and different in English. greetings in English and Vietnamese. The sudy of Salman Dezhara of The University of Isfahan, Iran in 2012 named A comparative Study of Greeting Forms Common among Native Male and Female Speakers. similarities and differences of greetings in English and Vietnamese. • To study how to combine words and gestures in greetings in English and Vietnamese. • To analyze some types of greetings

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