Unit 10: Relative pronouns with prep. Ex: This is the house. I live in it . => This is the house which I live in .  This is the house in which I live. Note 1: Pre + WHOM/ WHICH This is the chair. I sit on it . => This is the chair on that I sit . ( incorrect ) => This is the chair on which I sit . ( correct ) Note 2: both of ,none of ,one of ,two of ,neither of ,most of + which ,whom Ex: I have many dogs . You like none of them => I have many dogs none of which You like. Note 3: Don’t use PRE + Relative pronoun with phrasal verbs Ex: Come across ( tình cờ gặp ) ,look after ( chăm sóc ), put up with ( chịu đựng ) ,give up ( từ bỏ ) This is the man .I came across him yesterday => This is the man across whom I came yesterday ( incorrect ) => This is the man whom I came across yesterday ( correct ) Exercise Combine the following sentences, using preposition + suitable relative pronoun. 1. The day was very nice. I arrived on that day.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Bill has a pen pal. He has been writing to her for two years.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Air is an element. We cannot live without it.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. The book “Gone with the wind” was one of the best-sellers. Margaret Mitchell was famous for it.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. I’m looking forward to seeing the new girl in our office. My friends have told me many things about her.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Do you know the source? The rumor began from it.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. The law was finally abandoned. We had fought against it.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. The church was built is 1456. You are standing in front of it.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. That white house was sold. A young boy committed suicide in it.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. The people have all been arrested. He worked with those people.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Unit 11: Relative clause replaced by participles and to infinitives 1/ Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng participle phrases a/ Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng presnet participle phrase thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm đuôi ING) EX1: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle ==> The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle EX2: Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night ? ==> Do you know the boy who broke breaking the windows last night? b/Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive) ta dùng past participle phrase (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ bằng V3) EX1: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting. ==> The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting. EX2: The students who were punished by teacher are lazy. ==> The students who were punished by teacher are lazy EX3: The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Brown ==> The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Brown 2/ Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng to-infinitive hoặc infinitive phrase (có dạng for +O+ to- inf): Chúng ta sử dụng dạng này trong những trường hợp sau :gặp các từ the first, the second, the last, so sánh nhất (superlative), mục đích (purpose), EX1:Tom is the last person who enters the room ==> Tom is the last person who enters to enter the room EX2: John is the youngest person who takes part in the race. ==> John is the youngest person who takesto take part in the race EX3: English is an important language which we have to master English is an important language which we have for us to master EX4:Here is the form that you must fill in ==> Here is the form that for you must to fill in Ghi chú: chỉ rút gọn được khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ còn nếu làm tân ngữ thì ko rút gọn được Exercise Rewrite the following sentences, using Reduced Relative Clauses. 1. This is the ideal place where we can build a house of our own.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. “Gone with the wind” is the best book that you should read.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. The couple who lives next to us have 16 children.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. The amount of money which was taken by the robbers was found by the police.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. The first Vietnamese woman that set foot on the Antarctica is a young girl whose name is Hong.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. What are the most interesting things a person can see and do in your city?  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. She has no one who can help her.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. The man who sat next to me had bad breath.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. The street which runs through the village was built 200 years ago.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. I’m usually the first guest that comes to a party and the last one that leaves it.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………… BÀI TẬP I : Hãy rút gọn các mệnh đề tính từ trong các câu sau đây 1) We had a river in which we could swim . 2) Here are some accounts that you must check. 3) The last student that was interviewed was Tom. 4) We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN. 5) My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad. 6) I was the only one who realized him. 7) I have some homework which I must do tonight. 8) Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way. 9) I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel. 10) There are six reports which have to be typed today. BÀI TẬP II : Hãy rút gọn các mệnh đề tính từ trong các câu sau đây 1) Dalat, which is best known for foreign travellers, has pleasant weather. 2) Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the wild. 3) Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America. 4) She is the only woman who was appointed to the board. 5) The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush with which I can sweep it. 6) A person who serves in a shop is called a shop assistant 7) John, who is my friend, has studied English for ten years. 8) There are many exercises that we have to finish before school. 9) The mistakes which you have to correct are very important. 10) We have a few exercises that we have to do. Chú ý : nếu câu nào có 2 mệnh đề tính từ cũng phải rút gọn cả hai Unit 12: Relative clauses and the omission of relative pronouns: Relative clause as Subject: - They got on the first train that came. - We don’t like the people who/ that talk a lot. * The pronouns who / which/ that can be the subject of a relative clause. Relative clause as Object: They got the first train that we saw. I like reading the book which/ that you lent me yesterday. * The pronouns who / which/ that can be the object of a relative clause. Omission of relative pronouns: Chúng ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ who, which, that khi chúng là tân ngữ. Chúng ta thường lược bỏ các đại từ quan hệ này trong văn nói) That’s the lovely girl( who/ that) I met at Hai’s party. She show me the paintings( which / that ) she had brought back from London. Khi các đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ thì chúng ta không lược bỏ chúng được - The woman who wrote this letter is a journalist. ( NOT: The woman wrote this letter is a journalist.) - The picture that took first prize was my uncle’s. ( NOT: The picture took first prize was my uncle’s) Exercise I. Tick(V) the sentences in which the relative pronouns can be omitted. 1. Everything that happened was my fault. 2. The manager who gave you the English dictionary last Sunday was away on holiday. 3. The play that we saw last week was boring. 4. Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom? 5. The window that was broken has now been repaired. 6. The young man who sat next to Nam on the bus talked all the time. 7. Where are the eggs that was in the fridge? 8. Is there any thing that I can do? 9. The bike which my father bought last month was made in Japan. 10. The book is about a young girl who runs away from home. II, Complete the second part of the following sentences by using relative pronouns if needed and the clauses in the box: we hired a car. you’re going to see a file. Ann is wearing a dress. you lost some keys. a man is talking to John. I invited some people to the party. you had to do some work. Tom recommended a hotel to us. we wanted to visit a museum. the bus goes to the airport. 1. Have you found the keys ………………………………………………………………? 2. I like the dress …………………………………………………………………… . 3. The museum ……………………………………………………………………. was shut. 4. What is the name of the film ……………………………………………………. .? 5. Some of the people …………………………………………………………. couldn’t come. 6. Have you finished the work ……………………………………………………………… . ? 7. The car ………………………………………………………. broke down after a few miles. 8. The man ……………………………………………………… . is his brother-in-law. 9. We stayed at a hotel …………………………………………………………………… . . 10. The bus ……………………………………………………………… . run every half hour. REVISION Choose the best answer: 1. Mr. Pike, ……………is our boss, has just come back from Paris. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 2. Do you know the hotel ……………. A. at which she is staying B. where she is staying C. she is staying at D. all are correct 3. That is the new teacher about…………the students are talking. A. that B. who C. whose D whom 4. This subject, …………………. going to discuss, is very important. A. which we are B. which are we C. that we are D. A&C are correct 5. The scientist ………….invention was a success became famous. A. who B. whose C. which D. that 6. I knew some people …………… A. who could help you B. whom could help you C whose could help you D. could help you 7. That is the address…………… A. which made by Mary B. which making by Mary C.was made by Mary D. made by Mary 8. The bicycle …………….is very modern. A. I told you about which B. which about I told you C. about I told you which D. about which I told you 9. Have you made a decision on the day………………? A. which you will set off B. on which you will set off C.at which you will set off D. where you will set off 10. I’m standing at the window ……………… A. in which we can see the lake B.where we can see the lake C. at which we can see the lake D.from which we can see the lake 11. I’ll show you the second –hand bookshop…………… A. when you can find valuable old books. B. why you can find valuable old books C. where you can find valuable old books D.which you can find valuable old books 12. Lan’s marriage has been arranged by her family. She is marrying a man……… A. that she hardly knows him B. whom she hardly knows him C. she hardly knows D. she hardly knows him 13. ………………whom we spoke to at the English Zone Club meeting last week. A. Peter Parker is Professor B.Peter Parker the professor C. Peter Parker is the professor D. Peter Parker the professor is 14. …………….whom I told you about. A. This are the author B. This is the author C. this is author D. Is this the author 15. The movie …………was really good. A. that we seeing last month B. that saw last month C. who we saw last month D. that we saw last month 16. Artists …………paint more interesting pictures. A. who find their own identity and style B. find their own identity and style C.that they find their own identity and style D.which they find their own identity and style 17. We are going to discuss the scientific names … …are used to classify the different types of animals in the zoo. A. which B. that’s C. who D. where 18. Volunteers …….are special people. A. who help needy people B. help needy people C. who helps needy people D. which helps needy people 19. The house ………………isn’t for sale. A. in we live B. which we live C. in which we live in D. in which we live 20. The people ……………are friendly. A. with who I work B. with I work who C. with whom I work D. with who I work with 21. The concert ……………… was good. A. which to we listened last night B. to which we listened last night C. which we listened last night to D. to which we listened to last night 22. She is the woman ………………………. A. to whom I gave a book B. to who I gave a book C. whom to I gave a book D. whom to I gave a book 23. The man ……… in front of you now is my ex-flame. A. who sitting B who sit C. sitting D. sits 24. The letter …………… to our customers yesterday was full of mistakes. A. which sent B. sent C. was sent D. you were sent 25. I spoke to the doctor …………….at the hospital. A. I met him B. whom I met him C. meeting him D. whom I met 26. The book ……………is scary. A. Stephen King wrote B. written by Stephen King C. which was written by Stephen King D.all are correct