Lý Thuyết Hóa Học CÔNG PHÁ CÔNG PHÁ LÝ THUYẾT HÓA HỌC THPT QUỐC GIA 2015 MEGABOOK Tài Liệu Tặng Kèm Bộ Sách Tuyệt Đỉnh Luyện Đề THPT Quốc Gia 2015 Tài Liệu Tặng Kèm Bộ Sách Tuyệt Đỉnh Luyện Đề THPT Quốc Gia 2015 1 Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook  : ESTE - LIPIT NI DUNG 1 : ESTE A.  1)   Khi thay th  a axit cacboxylic bc este.  CTCT c R: gc hia axit hoc H. a ancol (R # H)  CTCT chung cc: - C n H 2n+1 COOC m H 2m+1  - C x H 2x O 2   c axit.  c axit: Xu   : CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 : propyl axetat HCOOCH 3 : metyl fomat 2           n H 2n O 2          hit    2 Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook    n cis  -  - -  no)   n-2 (1< n < 5)   )1(2 2 n n 3)    t lng hoc cht ru king  c.   n so v kh hoc   cacbon. do gi   este vc r   CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH (M = 88) =163,5 0 C Tan nhic CH 3 [CH 2 ] 3 CH 2 OH (M = 88), = 132 0 C c CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 (M = 88), = 77 0 C c      4  a  R-COO-R  + Na-OH 0 t   R COONa + R  OH   R-COO-R  + H-OH 0 ,Ht        R COOH + R  OH     R-COO-R    o tLiAlH , 4 R CH 2 OH + R  OH  Este + NaOH   o t    - 1  Vd: Este + NaOH   o t   Ph -   + NaOH   o t R-COONa + CH 2 =CHOH-CH 3 Este + NaOH   o t  2 O 0 s t 0 s t 0 s t RCOOC=CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 -CO-CH 3 Đp hóa 3 Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook   + 2NaOH   o t RCOONa + C 6 H 5 ONa + H 2 O ste + AgNO 3 / NH 3    HCOOR + 2AgNO 3 + 3NH 3 + H 2 O  ROCOONH 4 + 2Ag + 2NH 4 NO 3  22 CO H O nn e) P  0 2 2 2 2 2 32 2 t nn n C H O O nC O nH O      5 a)   RCOOH + R  OH 0 ,Ht        RCOOR  + H 2 O b) P     (CH 3 CO) 2 O + C 2 H 5 OH  CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 + CH 3 COOH CH 3 COCl + C 2 H 5 OH  CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 + HCl     (CH 3 CO) 2 O + C 6 H 5 OH  CH 3 COOC 6 H 5 + CH 3 COOH CH 3 COCl + C 6 H 5 OH  CH 3 COOC 6 H 5 + HCl   Anken CH 3 COOH + CH=CH 0 xt, t    CH 3 COOCH 2  CH 3  Ankin CH 3 COOH + CHCH 0 xt, t    CH 3 COOCH=CH 2  ng     x H y O z  2x )   OH y xCOO zy xOHC t zyx 222 2 ) 24 ( 0     OH n 2 = 2 CO n         OH n 2 < 2 CO n   n H 2n+1 COONa: 2C n H 2n+1 COONa + (3n+1)O 2  Na 2 CO 3 + (2n+1)CO 2 + (2n+1)H 2 O :   2   A. C 2 H 5 COOC 2 H 5 và C 2 H 5 COOC 3 H 7 B. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 và C 2 H 5 COOC 2 H 5 C. CH 3 COOCH 3 và CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 D. HCOOC 3 H 7 và HCOOC 4 H 9  RCOO 4 Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook   n H 2n+1 COO 1m2m HC    OH n 2 = 2 CO n = 6,38/44 = 0,145 mol  m este + 2 O m = 44. 2 CO n + 18. OH n 2  m este = 3,31 gam   O (trong este) = m este  m C  m H = 3,31  12.0,145  2.1.0,145 = 1,28 g  n O = 1,28/16 = 0,08 mol  n este = 0,04 mol  n  = n este = 0,04 mol  M  = 14n + 84 = 3,92/0,04 = 98  n = 1   este M = 3, 31 0, 04 = 82,75  12.1 + 46 + 14 m = 82,75  m = 1,77  3 COOCH 3  3 COOC 2 H 5   : Khi t y n n este no, n chc th 22 C O O nn  . n i a este  A. Metyl fomiat. B. Etyl axetat. C. Metyl axetat. D. n- Propyl axetat.   Goi CT C n H 2n O 2 0 t n 2 n 2 2 2 2 3n 2 C H O O nCO nH O 2        22 C O O 3n 2 n n n n 2 A 2        :  2  H 2 O.  A. C 3 H 6 O 2 B. C 2 H 4 O 2 C. C 4 H 6 O 2 D. C 4 H 8 O 2  2 2 C C O H H O C H O O n n 0, 3 (m ol) n 2n 0, 6 (m ol) n : n : n 3 : 6 : 2 7 , 4 – 0 , 3.1 2 – 0, 6.1 n 0, 2 (m ol) 16                3 H 6 O 2 . :   2     A. 13,5 B. 7,5 C. 15 D. 37,5      2 n 2 n C H O 0 t 2 2 2 2 n 2 n 3n 2 C H O O nCO nH O 2 3n 2 0,1 0,1. m ol 2         2, 5n   HCOOCH 3  3 COOCH 3 5 Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook 2 3 2 n 2 n n 2 n 23 n 2 n 23 n 2 n 3 C H O N aO H Pu C H O H C H O C H O N aO H R C O O N a C H O H R C O O N a R an R C O H C O O N a 0,1(m ol)C H O 0, 25(m ol) N aO H C H O H C H C O O N a m 0,1(14 .2, 5 3 2) 6, 7 (g am ) V à n n n 0,1(m ol) B T K L m m m m m (6,7 0,1 .4 0) 0,1 .32 7, 5(gam ) mm                        O N a N aO H d u m 7, 5 (0, 25 0 ,1).4 0 13, 5(g am )        u 1 :  A. C 2 H 5 COOC 2 H 5 B. CH 3 COOCH 3 C. CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 D. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3    2 3 Este E ste O R C O O C H d 2, 3125 M 74 R 15          2:    A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5  2 '' E ste Este O C T E ste R C O O R d 3,125 M 100 R R 56          ' 2 5 2 3 ' 3 3 5 ' 47 R 27 R 29 C H C O O C H R 41 R 15 C H C O O C H R 5 5 R 1 H C O O C H (có 2 C T C T )                  :  4     A. CH 2 =CH-CH 2 COOCH 3 B. CH 2 =CH-COOCH 2 CH 3 C. CH 3 COOCH=CH-CH 3 D. CH 3 -CH 2 COOCH=CH 2  4 '' E ste E ste CH C T E ste R C O O R d 6, 25 M 100 R R 56       Cho 0,2 mol X     ' R C O O R + KOH  RCOOK + R  OH 0,2  0,2  0,2 mol ' 2 5 2 3 (R 44 3 9)0, 2 0,1(39 17) 28 R 29 R 27 C H C O O C H D             phn ng thu  :  -    - phản ứng xà phòng hoá RCO   0 t  Một số nhận xét : H +, t o 6 Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook  n  = n Este    este đơn chức 6 H 5 -   n  = 2n este : VD: RCOOC 6 H 5 + 2NaOH  RCOONa + C 6 H 5 ONa + H 2 O  n  =  .n este (  > 1 và R’ không phải C 6 H 5 - hoặc vòng benzen có nhóm thế)  Este   ta coi như ancol  vẫn tồn tai    m  = m este + m NaOH  (lacton):     VD: C 2 H 5 COOCHClCH 3 + NaOH   0 t C 2 H 5 COONa + CH 3 CHO      2  2   1,03.  A. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 B. CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 C. C 2 H 5 COOC 3 H 7 D. C 2 H 5 COOC 2 H 5   The                        X + 2 O m = 2 CO m + OH m 2  44. 2 CO n + 18. OH n 2 = 2,07 + (3,024/22,4).32 = 6,39 gam  2 CO n - 18. OH n 2 = 1,53 gam  2 CO n = 0,09 mol ; OH n 2 = 0,135 mol OH n 2 > 2 CO n   n H 2n+1    2 2 CO OH n n = n n 1 = 09,0 135,0  n = 2.   x H y COONa  T: C x H y+1  M T = 12x + y + 1 = 1,03.29       6 2 y x  C 2 H 5 COOC 2 H 5    thu  A. Etyl Fomat B. Etyl Propionat C. Etyl Axetat D.Propyl Axetat      n H 2n + 1 COOC m H 2m + 1 n  = n KOH = 0,1 mol m 2 m 1 C H OH 2 5 4, 6 M 46 14m 1 8 46 m 2 C H O H 0,1           C = O O NaOH + HO-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COONa CH 3 -COO CH 3 -COO CH + NaOH CH 3 -COONa + HCHO 7 Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook n este =n KOH =0,1 mol este 3 2 5 8, 8 M 88 1 4n 74 88 n 1 este là C H C O O C H 0,1                 2   A. CH 3 COOCH 3 B. CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 C. HCOOCH 3 D. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3    n H 2n+1 COOC m H 2m+1 ( 0  n; 1  m)   X = n AOH (ng) = n Z = 0,1 mol  M Z = 14m + 18 = 1,0 6,4 = 46  m = 2   n A = )17M.(100 20.2,1.30 A  = 2. 60M2 54,9 A   M A = 23   n NaOH  mol18,0 40 2,7  Y      mol08,01,018,0-:dNaOH mol1,0:COONaHC 1n2n    0 2 t,O      OH CO CONa 2 2 32   Y + /-)p(m 2 O = OHCOCONa 2232 mmm  Hay 0,1(14n+68) + 0,08.40 + 32.1,0. 2 )1n3(  = 9,54 + 8,26  n = 1  X : CH 3 COOCH 3      1:   A. HCOOCH 3  2 H 5 . B. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3  2 H 5 COOC 2 H 5 . C. CH 3 COOC 2 H 5  3 COOC 3 H 7 . D. CH 3 COOCH 3  3 COOC 2 H 5    RCOO + NaOH o t   RCOONa + OH   este + m NaOH = m  + m  1,99 + m NaOH = 2,05 + 0,94  2:   A. HCOOCH 3 , HCOOC 2 H 5. B. CH 3 COOCH 3 , CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 C. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 , C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 D. C 3 H 7 COOCH 3 , C 2 H 5 COOCH 3    RCOO + NaOH o t   RCOONa + OH R R R 1 0, 02 5 N a O H N a O H m n m ol    OH 3 33 3 3 2 5 OH 25 2, 0 5 0, 0 25 82 1 5 C H C O O C H 0, 0 25 0, 94 0, 0 25 37, 6 20, 6 C H C O O C H 0, 0 25 R C O O N a R R C O O N a N a O H N a O H R n n M R C H CH n n M R CH                                 R R R 8 Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook 0,225 0,225 mol     1: 00 ml dd     2    A.CH 3 COOCH=CHCH 3 CH 3 COOC(CH 3 )=CH 2 B. HCOOC(CH 3 )=CH 2  3 C. C 2 H 5 COOCH=CH 2  3 COOCH=CHCH 3 . D. HCOOCH=CHCH 3  3 COOCH=CH 2 .   = 52,4 CH 3 -CHO, C 2 H 5 -   m + 0,3.40 = m  8,4 + 1,1 m = 21,5,  2:     2  0    A. 40%; 40%; 20% B. 40%; 20%; 40% C. 25%; 50%; 25% D. 20%; 40%; 40%     M X =      x H y O 2   A     Dng 3.4:   n + nNaOH  R(COONa) n  , n ancol = n.n  (RCOO) n   n , n i = n.n ancol R(COO) n  R(COONa) n  n , n ancol = n       A. C 2 H 4 (COO) 2 C 4 H 8 B. C 4 H 8 (COO) 2 C 2 H 4 C. C 2 H 4 (COOC 4 H 9 ) 2 D. C 4 H 8 (COO C 2 H 5 ) 2    Z = n Y    3 es 25 1 H C O O C H 14, 55 65 44 65 21 H C O O C H 0, 2 25 20 te R M R R R R A R                      R C H O M     3 25 es E s 44x 5 8y 13,1 C H C H O x m ol 8, 4 21, 5 8, 4 13,1 44x 5 8 y 26, 2.2 x y C H C H O y m ol 0,1 0,1 0,1 5 0, 2 5 86 0,15 R C H O te te m m gam x n m o l M D y                                   mol0625,0 )5,136273(082,0 1,2.1 n X    74 0625,0 625,4       6y 3x      molc:HHCOOC:Z molb:COOCHCH:Y mola:COOHHC:X 52 33 52              gam375,15c68b82a96m 67,20 )cb(2 c46b32 d mol1875,0cban muèi H/ancol A 2         075,0c 0375,0b 075,0a 9 Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook   N aO H X n n = 01,0 2,0.1,0 = 2   2 R    axit = n  = 2 1 n KOH = 2 1 .0,06.0,25 = 0,0075 mol  M  = M R + 83.2 = 0075,0 665,1 = 222  M R = 56  -C 4 H 8 - M este = 0075,0 29,1 = 172   (-C 2 H 4 -)  C 4 H 8 (COO) 2 C 2 H 4   :   2 SO 4    A. B. C. D. A hoặc B      3 H 5 (OCO 1n2n HC  ) 3  C 3 H 5 (OCO 1n2n HC  ) 3 + 3NaOH  3 1n2n HC  COONa + C 3 H 5 (OH) 3    = 3n este  68n14 9,7 3. )n1445(341 2,7     67,2n         COOH)CH(CH:T COOHCHCHCH:Z COOHHC:Y 23 223 52   C. P VN DNG     2     A. 15 gam. B. 7,5 gam C. 37,5 gam D. 13,5 gam   2   2  2 SO 4    A. C 2 H 5 COOCH 2 CH 2 OCOC 2 H 5 B. C 2 H 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 OCOC 2 H 3 C. CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 OCOCH 3 D. HCOOCH 2 CH 2 OCOH   3 COOH, C 6 H 5 OH    A. 3,54 gam. B. 4,46 gam. C. 5,32 gam. D. 11,26 gam.   4 H 8 O 2   A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6 CH 2 CH CH 2 OCOC 2 H 5 OCOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 OCOCH(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH CH 2 OCOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 OCOC 2 H 5 OCOCH(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH CH 2 OCOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 OCOCH(CH 3 ) 2 OCOC 2 H 3 [...]... tng hp Mui natri trong x phũng hay trong cht git ra tng hp cú kh nng lm gim sc cng b mt ca cỏc cht bn bỏm trờn vi, da, do ú v bn c phõn tỏn thnh nhiu phn nh hn v c phõn tỏn vo nc Cỏc mui panmitat hay stearat ca cỏc kim loi hoỏ tr II thng khú tan trong nc, do ú khụng nờn dựng x phũng git ra trong nc cng (nc cú cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+) Cỏc mui ca axit oexylbenzensunfonic li tan c trong nc cng, do ú... T hp (I) v (II) x y 0 , 0 0 5 ( m o l ) S mol cỏc cht trong X l Glucozo : 0,01(mol); Mantozo : 0,01(mol) 24 Cụng Phỏ Lý Thuyt Húa Hc Megabook ỏp ỏn A Bi 17.(KB-2011): Thu phõn hn hp gm 0,02 mol saccaroz v 0,01 mol mantoz mt thi gian thu c dung dch X (hiu sut phn ng thy phõn mi cht u l 75%) Khi cho ton b X tỏc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thỡ lng Ag thu c l A 0,090 mol B 0,12 mol C 0,095... amin II TNH CHT VT L Metyl, imetyl, trimetyl v etylamin l nhng cht khớ cú mựi khai khú chu, c, d tan trong nc, cỏc amin ng ng cao hn l cht lng hoc rn Anilin l cht lng, nhit sụi l 184oC, khụng mu, rt c, ớt tan trong nc, tan trong ancol v benzen II CU TO PHN T V TNH CHT HO HC 1 Cu to phõn t : - Trong phõn t amin u cú nguyờn t nit cũn mt cp electron t do cha liờn kt cú th to cho nhn ging NH3 Vỡ... mt s thc phm khỏc nh mỡ si, hp, III- Khỏi nim v x phũng v cht git tng hp 1) X phũng a) Khỏi nim X phũng thng dựng l hn hp mui natri hoc mui kali ca axit bộo, cú thờm mt s cht ph gia Thnh phn ch yu ca x phũng thng: L mui natri ca axit panmitic hoc axit stearic Ngoi ra trong x phũng cũn cú cht n (lm tng cng ỳc bỏnh), cht ty mu, cht dit khun v cht to hng, b) Phng phỏp sn xut T cht bộo o (R C O O )3... thu c H2O, K2CO3 v 13,2 gam CO2 CTPT ca A cú th l: A C3H4O4 B C4H6O4 C C6H8O2 D C5H8O4 |p |n 1 D 2 A 3 D 4 D 5 B NI DUNG 2: LIPIT-CHT GIT RA TNG HP A Lý thuyt I- Khỏi nim Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c cú trong t bo sng, khụng ho tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong cỏc dung mụi hu c khụng cc Cu to: Phn ln lipit l cỏc este phc tp, bao gm cht bộo (triglixerit), sỏp, steroit v photpholipit, II - Cht bộo 1) Khỏi... c o z o 0 , 0 1 : 0 , 0 5 0 , 2 0 M ỏp ỏn A 16 Cụng Phỏ Lý Thuyt Húa Hc Megabook Bi 2: Hũa tan 70,2 gam hn hp X gm glucozo v saccarozo vo nc c dung dch Y Cho Y tỏc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 un núng thu c 43,2 gam Ag Thnh phn % khi lng saccarozo cú trong hn hp X l A 51,282% B 48,718% C 74,359% D 97,436% Hng Dn t s mol cỏc cht trong X l C6H12O6 : x(mol) ; C12H22O11 : y (mol) 1 8 0 x ... phõn hon ton cựng mt lng saccarozo v mantozo trong mụi trng axit, sn phm thy phõn ca hai cht ny em trung hũa ri thc hin phn ng trỏng gng c khi lng Ag trong hai trng hp theo th t ln lt l x v y Quan h gia x v y l A x = y B x > y C x < y D 2x = y Hng Dn ỏp ỏn A Bi 9: Hũa tan hon ton 70,2 gam hn hp X gm glucozo v saccarozo vo nc ri cho tỏc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3, un núng phn ng xy ra hon ton Sau... C12H22O11 ỏp ỏn C Bi 11: Chia mt hn hp gm tinh bt v glucozo thnh hai phn bng nhau Hũa tan phn th nht trong nc ri cho phn ng hon ton vi AgNO3 trong NH3 d thỡ c 2,16 gam Ag un phn th hai vi H2SO4 loóng, sau ú trung hũa bng NaOH ri cng cho tỏc dng vi AgNO3 trong NH3 d thỡ c 6,48 gam Ag Khi lng tinh bt trong hn hp u bng A 4,86 gam B 9,72 gam C 3,24 gam D 6,48 gam Hng Dn - Phn 1: n Ag 2 ,1 6 : 1 0 8 0... hay CH3[CH2]14COOH: Axit panmitic Axit bộo l nhng axit n chc cú mch cacbon di, khụng phõn nhỏnh, cú th no hoc khụng no CTCT chung ca cht bộo: 1 R COO CH 2 2 R COO CH 3 R COO CH 2 R1, R2, R3 l gc hirocacbon ca axit bộo, cú th ging hoc khỏc nhau Thớ d:Cung cp 4 axit bộo thng gp hay ra trong thi CH3 (CH2)14 COOH : (C15H31-COOH) axit panmitic (t0n/c630C) CH3 (CH2)16 COOH: (C17H35-COOH) axit steric... (C17H31-COOH) axit linoleic (t0n/c 50C) 2) Tớnh cht vt lớ iu kin thng: l cht lng hoc cht rn R1, R2, R3: Ch yu l gc hirocacbon no thỡ cht bộo l cht rn R1, R2, R3: Ch yu l gc hirocacbon khụng no thỡ cht bộo l cht lng Khụng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong cỏc dung mụi hu c khụng cc: benzen, clorofom, Nh hn nc, khụng tan trong nc 3) Tớnh cht hoỏ hc a) Phn ng thu phõn (C H 3 C H 2 H 16 o C O O )3 .   - + HNO 3 / H 2 SO   trinitrat  C 2 H 5 OH+ CO 2 + H 2 (Ni , t 0 ) Sobitol Sobitol -.    : C 12 H 25 -C 6 H 4 SO 3 H 23 N a C O     C 12 H 25 -C 6 H 4 SO 3 Na   Muong. GIA 2015 MEGABOOK Tài Liệu Tặng Kèm Bộ Sách Tuyệt Đỉnh Luyện Đề THPT Quốc Gia 2015 Tài Liệu Tặng Kèm Bộ Sách Tuyệt Đỉnh Luyện Đề THPT Quốc Gia 2015 1 Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook