VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ THƠM A STUDY OF COMMON ERRORS MADE BY STUDENTS IN PRONOUNCING ENGLISH CONSONANTS AT WORLDLINK ENGLISH CENTRE (NGHIÊN CỨU NHỮNG LỖI PHÁT ÂM THƯỜNG GẶP KHI PHÁT ÂM CÁC PHỤ ÂM TIẾNG ANH CỦA HỌC VIÊN TẠI TRUNG TÂM ANH NGỮ WORLDLINK) M.A. Minor Program Thesis Field: English Language Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 Hanoi, 2014 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ THƠM A STUDY OF COMMON ERRORS MADE BY STUDENTS IN PRONOUNCING ENGLISH CONSONANTS AT WORLDLINK ENGLISH CENTRE (NGHIÊN CỨU NHỮNG LỖI PHÁT ÂM THƯỜNG GẶP KHI PHÁT ÂM CÁC PHỤ ÂM TIẾNG ANH CỦA HỌC VIÊN TẠI TRUNG TÂM ANH NGỮ WORLDLINK) M.A. Minor Program Thesis    !"#$%$ Hanoi, 2014 PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale &$'( ( )  *$' $  +&$ $ ,$  &      &      -    .$ ++/& ( (0(& 1'& *$ !('+&$+*$  2$$& $0 '&  . +'&*$ $'+3$*$ +$'($ +$$$$ + 1('++$+         )  $    +    $$    &     +(++ 4+'  2. Aims of the study $+$+$$ &0& 50 6+''' +  + $     4   (  &     $   ( &    $       '+'(+(, What common errors do students at Worldlink English Centre have in pronouncing English consonants? 3. Scope of the study $++$$$& (+ 6',+ (*$++ 50(  7    8 9  $/    (      & 50 :&0+ 7-;$&<0  4. Methodology of the study    (    &  $     +     4 +( = +$+($+     +  $                7  )))  9  5. Design of the study $+'+ Part I: Introduction:  Part II: Development Chapter I: Literature Review: Chapter II: Methodology: Chapter III: Results and discussion: Part III: Conclusion PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1. English Pronunciation >$&+$$+' <0?8@' A++ B7+$?A'& $+'($&+$+ ($?A+'C  'D?8A$++ +&( Figure 1: Features of pronunciation (Adapted from Kelly, 2000) 1.2. The English Consonants 1.2.1. General description of consonants >?EFGA:$&077 + B)+($00'&+( $0++$&+$C? A -0 ('(&+(+ +$: $(>?EFGA'D?8AB +$(+('+ (C? A +$+$+  1.2.2. Classification of English consonants 8$'&8+     &  B  ++    8    +$    '       + &       $  +  '   +(C?'8G' 8GA  &$+'(+&'$ $+?&($A' +?+$+$&( A++?+ (0+$+A 1.3. The Vietnamese Consonants =?EFA'((? +&A*$ 2?8EA *$((:+ +$( >+'7$?8EA$       +  H        *$H        F   ($9?&$& $+A +&+(+ Table 2: Vietnamese initial consonants 7+ + & = =9  7 * I  = J -9   ƫ K 0 ʔ  &  2 $  ɲ L  * +  ʂ :  *  3 ʐ ɣ 2 ) ?=+$'8EA Table 3: Vietnamese final consonants 6& = *    0 2 $  L 29 9( 9/ ?=+$M$' A 1.4. A comparison of English consonant and Vietnamese consonant )    +   &0   (    ,  + (     *$++'$ &(*$$( =) ?8A'  + $  +N  (  +&++N & 6      (      *$    &'   ++($++ I'$*$$+++$$ + $$*$   !('      $    ++      &  0    6$&'*$$ (  (    $     (   8   ' *$&$(( $&&&++    & $  &  :$ +   *$  ( HH ?(A (    0  O  O      (  H++H  (     0Oɪ+ ə ʃ ɪO $:&*$'   :$'  *$   $'    !      ++1+' /dʒ/, /θ/' /ð/, /ʃ/ ++$(*$  $&(+$( $0$  &'$+ (*$':(9+?&GA (9($ 1.5. The interference of the mother tongue to students' English pronunciation ++&  +$ +$ !('$ N$+  )  ?8A  &     $  +   (   ( + (++(N++ ( &+$++  $()&?88A( (4++++ &+( )+(+ $+++ 5 ++  &(    (  '    +          +  ' $'     (  ?$ 3EEFA  1.6. Intelligibility and Intelligibility problems in pronunciation $&$& B )&    &    &            $       C?D('EFP' GA )('&B&C )    '  &  0      (    $   $$++ )$90& &$0 !('$ &&$ D(?EFPA$    (     & &$     &'''0&(('+' +$'+ =$$'$   0  + &$  (      &'         a. Sound substitutions )+0&+'$+++  :$'$0(BC B0C(&OO0+ +'( (0B+0CB+0C?  A  b. Sound deletions =+&$$&$BC'( 0        )     + '          &'$'+($&'(+ $& =:$(&(BC (+QN;(0QN c. Sound insertion 290$ :$'$( (0Q0N'QNQN(&+ ( Q0N$0Q90N'(9&(  1.7. 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