VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES - PHAN THI HUONG GIANG DRUM OCCUPATION IN RED RIVER DELTA (CASE STUDY OF DOI TAM DRUM VILLAGE, DOI SON COMMUNE, DUY TIEN DISTRICT, HA NAM PROVINCE) MASTER'S THESIS Major: Vietnamese Studies Code: 60.31.60 Supervisor: Associate prof Dr Le Sy Giao HA NOI – 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my gratitude and deepest respect to Assoc.Prof.Dr Le Sy Giao, my supervisor, who enthusiastic instruct and conveysbasic knowledge to me, as well as contributes valuable ideas to help me complete this thesis I would like to sincerely thank the Management Board, the teachers, and staff of the Institute of Vietnamese Studies and Development Sciences, Vietnam National University They have created the best conditions for me to participate in the learning process and complete successfully my MA course I am also thankful to the People’s Committee of Doi Son commune, and Doi Tam people for creating the best conditions for me to complete my research trip I would like to especially thank Mr Dinh Van Luong (one leader of Doi Tam village, Doi Son commune), Mr Pham Chi Khang (one of two experts of Doi Tam drum village) that enthusiastically provide me information and statistic data during my fact-finding time I would like to express my sincere thanks to the people of Doi Son commune for their enthusiasm in supplying me information during my field work in these areas I am also thanksful to the office which I work, that is National Political Publishing House, especially Kinh dien - Ly luan branch for creating good conditions for me to complete this thesis Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends who always care, share, motivate and encourage me Student Phan Thi Huong Giang COMMITMENT I hereby declare that the researched results in this thesis are absolutely honest Information and results published in this thesis are my researching work If there is any shortcoming, I will bear all responsibilities before the training unit and the law Student Phan Thi Huong Giang TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Reason for topic selection Scientific and practical meaning Objects and scope of the study History of issue study Studying method Structure of the thesis Chapter 1: FORMATION CONDITIONS OF DRUM PRODUCTS IN DOI TAM VILLAGE 11 1.1 Cultural space of Doi Tam drum village 14 1.2 Drum founder 15 1.3 History of drum craft village 16 Chapter 2: COMPONENTS OF A DOI TAM DRUM 21 2.1 Productional materials 21 2.1.1 Wood 21 2.1.2 Leather 23 2.1.3 Other materials 26 2.2 Productinal tools 27 2.2.1 Sawing tools 27 2.2.2 Planing tools 28 2.2.3 Cuttingtools 30 2.2.4 The other tool 30 2.3 Productional techniques 31 2.3.1 Leathering 31 2.3.2 Drum body manufacturing 33 2.3.3 Drumhead stretching 38 2.3.4 Drum painting and maintaining 42 Chapter 3: TRADITIONAL AND MODERN DRUM PRODUCTS OF DOI TAM VILLAGE 48 3.1 The traditional drum 48 3.1.1 Thunder Drums: 48 3.1.2 Large drum 50 3.1.3 “De” (base) drum 52 3.1.4 “Khau” (mouth) drum 54 3.1.5 “Bong” drum 55 3.1.6 “Manh” drum 58 3.1.7 “Chien” (fighting) drum 59 3.1.8 “Ngu loi” drum 60 3.1.9 Paper tambourine 60 3.2 Drum of the ethnic group 61 3.2.1 Acur drum 61 3.2.2 “Ghi nang” drum 61 3.2.3 “Tang sanh” drum 61 3.2.4 “ Hagunsit” drum 62 3.2.5 Paranung drum 62 3.3 Modern Drum 63 3.3.1.Jazz Drum 63 3.3.2 “Seng” drum 64 3.3.3 Meca drum 64 3.3.4 “Sai dam” drum 64 Chapter 4: DRUM PRODUCTS IN DAILY LIFE OF DOI TAM 72 4.1 Effects of drums occupation economic life of Doi Tam village 74 4.2 Effects of drum occupation on cultural life of Doi Tam village 78 4.3 Effects of drums occupation on social life Doi Tam village 78 4.4 Open issues 88 CONCLUSION 97 REFERENCES 99 LIST OF INFORMANTS 103 LIST OF TABLES Table name P age Table 2.1: Number of guys, knots of drums Table 2.2: Production stages for each employee 4 Table 3.1: List of drum production bases in Doi Tam village Table 3.2: List of drum production households (Doi Tam people) in provinces Table 4.1: Production value of drum career in economy of Doi Tam, 2002-2004 period Table 4.2: Reports for achievement of officials and residents of Doi Tam village – Doi Son commune in building new rural area model, 2009-2011 period 7 INTRODUCTION Reason for topic selection Since a long time ago, drum is a mean of communication of many ethnic groups, including the Kinh Drum involves in many human events such as notifying events of the village (dyke maintenance, flooding, fire, etc.), notifying festivals, funeral, etc Drum is very closed to children (notifying class time, counting for lion/dragon dance team) The drum appears in many art forms such as chèo, Chầu văn, classical drama and so on Drum has become an indispensable part in the spiritual life of man It contributes to transmit information quickly and widely The drum is a cultural product of each region, each ethnic group In Vietnam, from the very primitive material like jackfruit wood and buffalo skin, craftsman, by their skillful and sophisticated hand, have created complete drums of different sizes, with a sonorous sound in distant space The patterns, lines on the bronze and wood-frame drums profoundly represent personal points of views and philosophy of human life Drum sound plays an important role in many arts (“chèo”, “hát xẩm”, water puppet, etc.), shows the mood of both performers and audient Drums contribute to represent the unique character and enrich Vietnamese cultural traditions Over the course of historical development, nowadays, drum is still a mean of communication, an important musical instrument in the cultural life of the nation Research on drum is a practical to contribute to maintaining, reserving traditional cultural value of the nation and developing those values in people’s lives today and tomorrow Vietnam is a country rich in cultural tradition – the culture is crystallized in the life and inherited and developed over generations Over thousands of years, the essence of traditional culture remains the bright spot, the factors that make people’s vitality, a source of great encouragement for Vietnamese people Craft villages reserve the essence of art and traditional techniques over generations That tradition has become an indispensable part and enriched the cultural identity of Vietnam since a long time ago Research on drum products of Doi Tam village is also to discover the unique culture of a drum craft village, contribute to diversifying the image of Vietnam craft villages In major festival including 990th, 1000th anniversary of Thang Long – Hanoi, there was participation of great thunder drum as well as spectacular drum teams They are all products of craftsmen in Doi Tam village By their emotion, passion and talent, Doi Tam craftsmen have created masterpieces, treasures of the nations to retransmit to future generations Doi Tam is not well-known for drum products in major festival but for a famous drum craft village in the North Doi Tam drum are present in most localities throughout the country and involved in many aspects of people’s lives Being located 60km far from the Capital and limited in development of a craft village, the reputation of Doi Tam village has not been known yet Research materials for products of the village are scarce as well For the desire of discovering products of Doi Tam village from formation, material, structure and classification, the writer wants to get closer access to the life of a craft village in northern delta Also, the writer wants to go further to find out shortcomings and disadvantages of the village and propose solution to make the village and its products more complete and public and to have closer look at the reality of “development process of human culture is a continuous succession What remains today and people determine to preserve is the unique of national culture" Scientific and practical meaning * Scientific meaning Presently, there are not many writings about Doi Tam village, particularly, general study on the village The project of “drum occupation in Red River delta (case study of Doi Dam drum village, Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province)” will contribute to enrich the materials sources on the village The drum product of the village will be systematically presented from formation conditions and factors, type of drums to its meaning to people’s lives in the Doi Tam village Readers will have scientific and comprehensive view on the products of the villages not only in the past but in the present * Practical meaning Doi Tam drum craft village really became famous after making thunder drum in 990th anniversary of Thang Long - Hanoi Since then, Doi Tam drums have been present in many large or small-scale events of the country as well as people’s lives in other regions The researches project of “drum occupation in Red River delta (case study of Doi Dam drum village, Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province)” expect to contribute to raising the fame for the products of the village Studying the products of Doi Tam village, the writer also has closer approach to the village life in all aspects of economy, society and culture, to see not only the achievements but also shortcomings and short-term limitation of the village Accordingly, local authorities and people will have specific orientation and solutions for future development of the village to make its drums popular products in the country and the world Purpose of the study ... internet, the writer has selected, systemize them to present her specific idea in the thesis of ? ?Drum occupation in red river delta (case study of Doi Tam drum village, Doi Son commune, Duy Tien. .. events of the country as well as people’s lives in other regions The researches project of ? ?drum occupation in Red River delta (case study of Doi Dam drum village, Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district,. .. factors of drums, types of drums and its meaning in the lives of Doi Tam people * Scope of the study: Thesis on traditional and modern products of Doi Tam village (Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district,