1.2Bài Tập: Chuyển những câu chủ động sang dạng câu bị động: 1. Somebody has taken my briefcase. 2. The teacher returned our written work to us. 3. She had finished her report by noon. 4. The mad dog bit the little boy. 5. The police have arrested five suspects. 6. The doctor ordered him to take a long rest. 7. Lightning struck the house. 8. A group of students have met their friend at the railway station. 9. They didnt allow Tom to take these books home. 10. The teacher wont correct exercise tomorrow. 11. Marry has operated Tom since 10 oclock. 12.This is the second time they have written to us about this. 13. Mr. Smith has taught us French for two years. 14. They didnt look after the children properly. 15. Nobody swept this strreet last week. 16. People drink a great deal of tea in England. 17. People speak English all over the world. 18. Tom was writing two poem. 19. She often takes her dog for a walk. 20. They cant make tea with cold water. 21. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant. 22. Somebody has taken some of my book away. 23. They will hold the meeting before May Day. 24. They have to repaire the engine of the car. 25. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures. 26. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday. 27. They may use this room for the classroom. 28. The teacher is going to tell a story. 29. Marry is cutting the cakes with a sharp knife. 30. The children looked at the woman with a red hat. 31. She used to pull my hat over my eyes. 32. For the past years, I have done all my washing by hand. 33. A pair of robins have built a nest in the porch since last week. 34. The police havent found the murderers yet. 35. They sold one of her own paintings at $1,000. 36. I will put your gloves back in your drawer. 37. People speak English in almost every corner of the world. 38. You mustnt use this machine after 5:30 p.m. 39. Luckily for me, they didnt call my name. 40. After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board. 1. Dạng bài tập chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động với các cấu trúc đặc biệt: 2.1 Dạng câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: 2.1.1)Đối với những câu hỏi có từ để hỏi, chúng ta có thể chia làm hai loại: Loại 1 : Từ để hỏi có chức năng là tân ngữ trong câu chủ động. Với dạng câu hỏi này việc chuyển sang câu bị động rất đơn giản vì từ để hỏi đó sẽ có chức năng là chủ ngữ trong câu bị động. Eg: Active: How many languages do they speak in Canada? Passive: How many languages are spoken in Canada? Loại 2: Từ để hỏi có chức năng là chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động khi chuyển sang câu bị động, nó sẽ có vai trò là tân ngữ trong câu. Khi đó, ta sẽ có hai cách chuyển. Hoặc chuyển By lên đầu câu( từ để hỏi sẽ ở dạng tân ngữ) hoặc để By ở cuối câu. Eg: Who wrote this novel ? Who was this novel written by? Hoặc: By whom was this novel written? 2.1.2) Bài tập: 1. When will you do the work? 2. How many days did she spend fininshing the work? 3. How do you spend this amount of money? 4. What books are people reading this year? 5. How did the police find the lost man? 6. Who looked after the children for you? 7. How long have they waited for the doctor? 8. What time can the boys hand in their papers? 9. Why didnt they help him? 10. Who are they keeping in the kitchen? 2.2 Dạng chuyển câu với các động từ chỉ giác quan. 2.2.1 Cấu trúc: Ex: They saw her come in. -> She was seen to came in. 2.2.2 Bài tập: 1. I have heard her sing this song several times. 2. People saw him steal your car. 3. The teacher is watching them work. 4. He wont let you do that silly thing again. 5. People dont make the children work hard. 6. They made him work all day. 7. The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag. 8. The terrorists made the hostages lie down. 9. Police advise drivers to use an alternative route. 10. She helps me do all these dificult exercises. 2.3. Câu mệnh lệnh. 2.3.1 Khi chuyển câu mệnh lệnh sang câu bị động ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau: Eg: Take off your hat! Let your hat be taken off! Ngoài cách trên, còn một cách khác để chuyển câu mệnh lệnh sang câu bị động nhng ít dùng hơn. Đó là: Eg: Active: Look after the children please! Active: S + V + O + bare infinitive/V-ing+ Passive: S + be + V( past pasticiple) + to-infinitive/ V-ing Active: V + O + Adjunct Passive: Let +O + be past participle + Adjunct. S + am/ is/ are + to be + past participle Hoặc S should be + past participle Passive: The children should be looked after! Hoặc : The children are to be looked after! 2.3.2: Bài tập: 1. Open your book! 2. Take off your hat! 3. Dont do that silly thing again! 4. Lets tell them about it! 5. Dont let the other see you! 2.4: Dạng chuyển câu với các động từ tờng thuật: 2.4.1Các động từ tờng thuật thờng đợc dùng để tờng thuật lại các câu nói, ý nghĩ, câu hỏi , yêu cầu, lời xin lỗi Một số động từ tờng thuật thờng gặp là : say, think, know, believe, ask, tell, promise. Có hai cấu trúc liên quan đến động từ tờng thuật: a. Mẫu câu : Active: Passive : Eg: He told me that you had a new bike. I was told that you had a new bike. b. Mẫu câu Mẫu câu này có hai cách chuyển sang dạng bị động: - Cách 1 : dùng chủ ngữ giả it Eg: People think that I am the best student in my class. It is thought that I am the best student in my class. - Cách 2 : dùng chủ ngữ của mệnh đề that và sử dụng dạng nguyên mẫu của động từ. ở ví dụ trên , có cách chuyển thứ hai là: Eg: I am thought to be the best student in my class. ở cách chuyển thứ hai , có thể dùng 3 dạng nguyên mẫu của động từ: 1) To- inf: khi hành động xảy ra ở mệnh đề that diễn ra cùng thì hoặc diễn ra sau hành động ở mệnh đề tờng thuật. 2) nguyên mẫu tiếp diễn: to be ving, khi hành động ở mệnh đề that ở thì tiếp diễn , còn hành động ở mệnh đề tờng thuật ở thì đơn giản, cùng bậc. 3)nguyên mẫu hoàn thành: to have done, khi hành động ở mệnh đề that xảy ra trớc hành động ở mệnh đề tờng thuật. Eg1: People say that he is a rich man. He is said to be a rich man. Eg2: They think that she is living there. She is thought to be living there. Eg3: They said that Tom had left home before the weekend. Tom was said to have left home before the weekend. 2.4.2: Bài tập: 1. People say that he works 16 hours aday. S + V + Oi + that clause. S (Oi) + be past participle + that clause. S + V + that + clause. 2. It is believed that the boy is wearing a white T- shirt and blue jeans. 3. People thought Mike had paid too much. 4. Everyone knows the portrait was painted by Picasso. 5. It is predicted that the company will lose money this year. 6. It is said that she has lived there for ten years. 7. The police think the criminal is in hiding in the London area. 8. It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by fire. 9. It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them. 10. They believe that the thieves git in through the kitchen window. 3.Dạng bài tập tự luận về cách chia động từ với động từ nguyên thể và danh động từ: 3.1 Cấu trúc: Động từ nguyên thể: To Be + PII Danh động từ : Being + PII Active: To- infinitive: I ought to meet Sarah at the airport. -ing form : I insist on meeting you at the airport. ( I meet people) Passive: I hope to be met at the airport. I love being met at the airport ( people meet me) 3.2 Bài tập: Hoàn thành những câu sau với động từ nguyên mẫu hoặc danh động từ dạng chủ động hoặc bị động. 1. As we dont agree about politics we generally avoid( dicuss) the subject. 2. He doesnt get on with the new boss, so hes asked( transfer) another branch of the company. 3. Please stop (interrupt) me when Im explaining something to you. You can ask questions at the end. 4. I must say, I dont really fancy(spend) my whole holiday with your cousins. 5. He admits(enter) the house but he says he didnt take anything. 6. Ive apologized to her but he still refuses (speak) to me. 7. I dont mind (work) late, if it will help at all. 8. I simply cant afford ( support) you any longer-youll just have to find a job. 9. We had hoped to find the project by the end of the month but we keep ( delay) by changes in plans. 10. Youd better go and see the teacher and say what you have done. If you put off ( explain) to her, she will only be more annoyed. 3.3Dạng bài tập với động từ Have và get 4.1Cấu trúc a. Với have. Eg : I has him repair my bicycle yesterday. -> I had my bicycle repaired yesterday. Have / get something done. ( dạng nhờ bảo ). Active : S + have + Object( person) + bare infinitive + Object. Passive : S + have + Object ( thing) + Past Participle (+ by + Object( person)) a. Với get. Eg: I get her to make some coffee. -> I get some coffee made. 4.2. Bài tập. Đọc những tình huống sau và viết cau với cấu trúc have something done. 1. Malenie is paying the man who has repaired her bicycle. 2. David went to the hospital. 3. Daniel is going to the dentist. Shes going to fill his tooth. 4. Laura is walking around town while her photos are being developed. 5. Tom( whose car was stolen from outside his house) 6. David (whose electricity has been cut off). IV. Dạng bài tập tự luận tổng hợp: 1. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng chủ động hoặc bị động: Adventourists are beginning to discover Campinilea, and the island is hard at work getting ready to welcome more visitors. A new airport (1) (build) last year, and at the moment, hotels (2) (construct) along the southern beaches. A new road(3) ( finish) Next year so visitors will be able to reach the northern region. Five years ago, verry little(4) (know) about Campinilea; but last year, three books (5) (write) about the island, and serveral gui books(6) (publish). At the moment, these books (7) ( translate) into different languages. English(8) ( teach) in schools so many Campinileans know a little English, but not many other foreign languages(9) (speak). Tourism has brought many changes to this small island, and people are afraid that it will have a negative effect on the tradiyional customs and culture of the people. For example, last month in the capital, serveral young Campinileans(10) (arrest) for being drunk in publish, and some tourist (11) (rob) near the beach. However, if you leave the tourist areas and go up to the mountains, you will find that life is still the same as it was hundreds of years ago. For example, since the sixteenth Century, the same tribal dances(12) (perform) to the celebrate the Campinilean new year, and the same type of food(13) (serve). For centuries, visitors (14) (invite) to join Campinileans in the celebration of festivals, and you will find traditional Campinilean hospitality in these regions has not changed at all. Tuy nhiên , hiện nay theo quyết định của Bộ giáo dục và đào tạo thì môn Ngoại ngữ đợc thi dới hình thức trắc nghiệm khách quan trong các kì thi tốt nghiệp THPT hay thi CĐ, ĐH. Do đó, muốn làm tốt đợc các bài tập trắc nghiệm và tự luận về câu bị động thì học sinh phải nắm chắc cấu trúc câu bị động , làm đợc các bài tập viết về chuyển sang câu bị động thì sẽ dễ dàng làm đợc các bài tập trắc nghiệm. Sau đây là một số bài tập dới hình thức trắc nghiệm , sẽ giúp học sinh củng cố kiến thức và làm bài tốt về câu bị động theo hình thức trắc nghiệm tốt hơn. Active: S + get + O (person) + to infinitive + O ( thing) Passive : S + get + O (thing) + Past participle (+by + O(person)) IV. C¸c d¹ng bµi tËp tr¾c nghiÖm Exercise 1: Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng nhÊt ®Ó hoµn thµnh nh÷ng c©u sau: 1. My wedding ring ………… of yellow and white gold. a. is made b. is making c. made d. maked 2. If your brother ………………., he would come. a. invited b. were invited c. were inviting d. invite 3. References …………. in the examination room. a. not are used b. is not used c. didn’t used d. are not used 4. Mary ………… in Boston. a. are born b. were born c. was born d. born 5. My mother is going …………… this house. a. sold b. to be sold c. to sold d. to sell 6.There’s somebody hehind us . I think we are ………………. a. being followed b. are followed c. follow d. following 7. Have you …………… by a dog? a. bite b. ever been bit c. ever been bitten d. bit 8.The room is being ………… at the moment. a. was cleaned b. cleaned c. cleaning d. clean 9. The road to our village …………. widened next year. a. is b. will c. can d. will be 10. The old lady was ……….exhausted after the long walk. a. very b. absolutely c. pretty d. fairly. 11. The old man is said…………….all his money to an old people’s home when he died. a. to leave b. to leaving c. have left d. to have left. 12. Nobody was injured in the accident , …………? a. was there b. was he c. were they d. weren’t they. 13. Renoir’s paintings ……… masterpieces all over the world. a. had considered b. are considered c. are considering d. consider. 14. He was advised…………singing lessons. a. take b. taken c. taking d. to take. 15. You’d better get someone…………your living room. a. redecorate b. redecorated c. to redecorate d. redecorating. 16. When………… ? In 1928. a. penicillin was discovered b. did pencillin discoved. c. was penicillin disscoverd d. did pencillin discover. 17. I don’t remember…………… of the decision to change the company policy on vacations. a. telling b. being told c. to tell d. to be told. 18. The children ……………to the zoo. a. were enjoyed taken b. enjoyed being taken c. were enjoyed taking d. enjoyed taking. 19. A new bike was bought ………….him on his birthday. a. to b. for c. with d. on. 20. His car needs ………………. a. be fixed b. fixing c. to be fixing d. fixed 21. Her watch needs……………. a. reparing b. to be repaired c. repaired d. a&b 22. He was said……………….this building. a. designing b. to have designed c. to designs d. designed 23. Ted.by a bee while he was sitting in the garden. a. got sting b. got stung c. get stung d. gets stung 24. Let the children taken to the cinema. a. to b. be c. to be d. being 25. That book by a famous author. a. wrote b. was written c. is writing d. has written Exercise 2: Chọn câu có cùng nghĩa với câu đã cho bằng cách chọn a, b, c hoặc d. 1.Somebody cleans that room everyday. a. The room every day is cleaned. b. The room is everyday cleaned. c. The room is cleaned every day. d. The room is cleaned by somebody everyday. 2. They cancelled all flights because of fog. a. All flights because of fog were cancelled. b. All flights were cancelled because of fog. c. All flights were cancelled by them because of fog. d. All flights were because of fog cancelled. 3.They are building a new highway around the city. a. A new highway is being built around the city. b. A new highway is being built around the city by them. c. A new highway around the city is being built. d. Around the city a new highway is being built. 4.They have built a new hospital near the airport. a. A new hospital has been built near the airport by them. b. A new hospital near the airport has been built. c. A new hospital has been built near the airport . d. Near the airport a new hospital has been built by them. 5. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview. a. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview. b. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview by them. c. A lot of questions will be asked you at the interview. d. A lot of questions will be asked at the interview. 6. People dont use this road very often. a. This road is not used very often. b. Not very often this road is not used. c. This road very often is not used. d. This road not very often is used. 7. Somebody accused me of stealing money. a. I was accused by somebody of stealing money. b. I was accused of stealing money. c. I was accused of stealing money by somebody. d. I was accused stealing money. 8. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. a. The computer is being used at the moment. b. The computer at the moment is being used. c. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment. d. The computer is used at the moment. 9. The bill includes service. a. Service is included by the bill. b. Service included in the bill. c. Service is included in the bill. d. Service is in the bill. 10. They have changed the date of the meeting. a. The date of the meeting has been changed. b. The date of the meeting has been changed by them. c. The meeting has been changed the date. d. The date of the meeting has changed. 11. It has been said that UFO sightings are increasing.` a. People say that UFO sightings are increasing. b. people have said that UFO sightings are increasing. c. That UFO sightings are increasing is true. d. UFO has been said to be inreasing. 12. He is getting them mend the windows. a. He’s having the windows to mend. b. He’s having to mend the windows. c. He’s having to be mended the windows. d. He is having the windows mended. 13. They made her hand over her passport. a. She was made to hand over her passport. b. She was made hand over her passport. c. She was handed over to make her passport. d. She was handed over for her passport to make. 14. Don’t let the others see you. a. Don’t let you to be seen. b. Don’t let yourself be seen. c. You aren’t to be seen by the others. d. Both a &c allowed. 15. They say that many people are homeless after the tsunami. a. They say many people to have been homeless after the tsunami. b. They say many piople to bbe homeless after the tsunami. c. Many people are said to have been homeless after the tsunami. d. Many people are said to be homeless after the tsunami. 16. They know that the Prime Minister is in favour of the new law. a. The Prime minister is known to have been in favour of the new law. b. They know the Prime Minister to be in favour of the new law. c. The Prime Minister is known to be in favour of the new law. d. They know the Prime Minister to have been in favour of the new law. 17. They expect that the government will lose the election. a. The government is expected to have lost the election. b. The government is expected to lose the election. c. They expect the government to lose the election. d. They expect the government have lost election. 18. I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conversation. a. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded. b. I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded. c. I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone. d. Our conversation wasn’t realized to be recorded. 19. They never made us do anything we didn’t want to do. a. We are never made to do anything we didn’t want to do. b. We were never made to do anything we didnt want to do. c. We have never made to do anything we didnt want to do. d. We had never made to do anything we didnt want to do. 20. Brian told me that somebody had attacked him in the street. a. I was told by Brian that soebody had attacked him in the street. b. I was told by Brian that he had been attacked in the street. c. Brian told me to have been attacked in the street. d. Brian told me that he had been attacked in the street. Exercise 3: có một lỗi trong bốn phơng án gạch chân sau. Hãy tìm lỗi bằng cách lựa chọn phơng ánA, B, C, hoặc D. 1. The children were frightening by the thunder and lightning. A B C D 2. Two people got hurt in the accident and were took to the hospital by an A B C D ambulance. 3. The students helped by the clear explanation that the teacher gave. A B C D 4. That alloy is composing by iron and tin. A B C D 5. The winner of the race hasnt been announcing yet. A B C D 6. Progress is been made every day in all parts of the world. A B C D 7. When, where and by whom has the automobile invented? A B C D 8. Each assembly kit is accompany by detailed instruction. A B C D 9. Arthur was giving an award by the city for all of his efforts in crime A B C D prevention. 10. It was late and I was getting very worry about my son. A B C D 11. I discovered that many strange things were happened last night. A B C D 12. He was seen go to the beach with some other people. A B C D 13. He is believed to work for the CIA in the 1970s. A B C D 14. We are not let to cycle in the park, are we? A B C D 15. You should get your car to service every two years. A B C D 16. Only coffee and dessert been servered at the reception yesterday. A B C D 17. When I have been finished my work, Im going to take a walk. A B C D 18. Because we have a writing agreement, our landlord wont be able A B to raise our rent for two years. C D 19. The heel of my shoe broke off, then my dress got tore in the elevator door. A B C D 20. When I crossed the road I saw two men whose car was broken down. A B C D V. §¸p ¸n gîi ý 1.2 chuyÓn c©u chñ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng. 1. My briefcase has been taken. 2. Our written work was returned to us by the teacher. 3. The report had been finished by noon. 4. The little boy was bitten by the mad dog. 5. Five suspects have been arrested by the police. 6. He was ordered to take a long rest by the doctor. 7. The house was struck by lightning. 8. Their friend has been met at the railway station by a group of students. 9. Tom wasn’t allowed to take these book home. 10. Exercises won’t be corrected by the teacher tomorrow. 11. Tom has been operated since 10 o’clock. 12. This is the second time we have been written to about this. 13. We have been taught French by Mr Smith for two years. 14. The children weren’t properly looked after. 15. This street wasn’t swept last week. 16. A great deal of tea is drunk in England. 17. English is spoken all over the world. 18. Two poems were being written. 19. Her dog is often taken for a walk. 20. Tea can’t be made with cold water. 21. All the workers of the plant were being instructed by the chief. 22. Some of my books have been taken away. 23. The meeting will be held before May Day. 24. The engine of the car has to be repaired. 25. The window was broken and some pictures were taken away by the boys. 26. A lot of money is spent on advertising everyday. 27. This room may be used for the classroom. 28. A story is going to be told by the teacher. 29. The cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Mary. 30. The woman with a red hat was looked at by the children. 31. My hat used to be pulled over my eyes. 32. For the past years, all my washing have been done by hand. 33. A nest has been built in porch since last week by a pair of robins. 34. The murderer hasn’t been found yet. 35. One of her own paintings was sold at $1,000. 36. Your gloves will be put back in your drawer. 37. English is spoken in almost every corner of the world. 38. This machine mustn’t be used after 5:30 p.m. 39. Luckily for me, my name wasn’t called. 40. After class, the chalk board is always erased by one of the students. 2.1.2 : Wh- question: 1. When will the work be done? . please! Active: S + V + O + bare infinitive/V-ing+ Passive: S + be + V( past pasticiple) + to-infinitive/ V-ing Active: V + O + Adjunct Passive: Let +O + be past participle + Adjunct. S +. chức năng là chủ ngữ trong câu bị động. Eg: Active: How many languages do they speak in Canada? Passive: How many languages are spoken in Canada? Loại 2: Từ để hỏi có chức năng là chủ ngữ trong. participle + Adjunct. S + am/ is/ are + to be + past participle Hoặc S should be + past participle Passive: The children should be looked after! Hoặc : The children are to be looked after! 2.3.2: