MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF MINING AND GEOLOGY NGUYEN THI LAN PHUONG SCIENTIFIC BASIC RESEARCH FOR ESTABLISHING DATA TOPOGRAPHIC MAP IN SERVICE OF MILITARY PURPOSE FROM GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASE AND REMOTE SENSING IMAGE Research field: Geodesy and Mapping Code : 62520503 SUMMARY OF PHD THESIS Hanoi – 2014 The thesis has been completed at Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing Department, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi Full name of supervisors: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Vong Thanh University of Mining and Geology Dr Vu Van Chat Defense Mapping Agency of Vietnam Examiner 1: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Quang Vinh Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Examiner 2: Dr Đong Thi Bich Phuong Vietnam Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Examiner 3: Dr Bui Quang Thanh University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi The thesis will be defended at the University examination Council at the Hanoi university of Mining and Geology At… h, …/…/, 2014 This thesis can be referenced at the National Library or at the library of the Hanoi University of Mining and Geology INTRODUCTION Urgency of the subject In the history, paper maps used to have the role of information database and means of communicating the information as well Nowadays, together with the development of applications of digital mapping technology and Geographic Information System GIS, the management of data and presentation of mapping information had clear division in physical term As placing in a spatial database administration system, database and map associate together to form a united form In Vietnam at present, topographic map in general, topographic map in service of military purpose in particular is basically established from pure graphic software; therefore, there are many shortcomings from presentation form to the management and application In fact, the majority of countries use national geographic background database covering multi-purpose as original documentation to derive into database for many different purposes Therefore, it is necessary to study the ability to organize mapping database in model type in the military geographic background database and ability to present the map from this database aimed at optimizing in managing, exploiting and updating synchronously the data of entire system As building military map database from national geographic background database, it is necessary to update, supplement military geographic data not being available in national geographic background database or having fluctuation over the time In which, remote sensing documentation is considered as one of the most efficient channels for collecting geographic information because of wide embracing sphere and quick information supply frequency 2 Research purpose The research purpose in theory is aimed at clarifying the scientific background on building database of Vietnam military topographic map on the basis of applying GIS technology, digital map and remote sensing The tests are implemented according to the proposed technical - technological solution aimed at verifying again the studied theory basis Research object: The research object is database of Vietnam military topographic map scaled 1:10,000 to 1:50,000 in building, displaying and updating Scope of research Scientific scope: the research sets up the structural model, process of building, presenting and updating the military topographic map database on the basis of sampling with scale 1:10,000, 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 Geographic scope: the research focuses on specific topographic types in the sphere of Vietnam territory having effect to military purpose including: topography of mountain, delta and coastal delta, sea and island region, urban type residential area, rural type residential area Research content * Theory: Researching, establishing scientific background for completing structure of geographic background database aimed at ensuring the function of topographic map database Researching scientific background for building and presenting military topographic map from geographic background database Researching scientific background for extracting military geographic data from remote sensing image for the purpose of updating database * Testing: Testing the building of generalization tools, Set of map presentation rules and verifying by building database samples and presenting the map for specific topographic types (topography of rural residential area, urban residential area, mountainous, coastal areas, and sea and island) and summary sample (01 piece of map) according to the proposed process Testing the decipher and extraction of geographic object by remote sensing image documentation (VNREDSat-1, SPOT5) for the purpose of updating database Testing the management, sharing of database by building special-purposed software Research method: 1) Method of inheriting, researching documentation; 2) Mapping method; 3) GIS method; 4) Remote sensing method Scientific and reality significance of the dissertation * Scientific significance of the dissertation: The researches presented in the dissertation contributed to agreeing the scientific background in building military topographic map database according to GIS technology, digital map and remote sensing, suitable for actual condition of the major of Vietnam military Topography The researches also affirm that updating military geographic object from remote sensing image in combination with other documentation sources for military topographic map database is indispensable The contributions of dissertation in theory and testing can be used as basis for developing product types of topographic map database according to different purposes * Reality significance of the dissertation: Research results are the basis for converting the model of establishing Vietnam military topographic map from technology applying graphic software into GIS technology The principles of selecting, using remote sensing image documentation, applying the decipher method in combination with object classification from remote sensing image to ensure the accuracy, reliability and suitability for the purpose of updating military geographic data for military topographic map database Defense theoretical points of the dissertation Theoretical point 1: Military topographic map database can be organized in the types of model in the Military geographic background database on the basis of supplementing data structure, building generalization model and presenting the map to ensure the quality of original data Theoretical point 2: Military geographic objects can be updated directly into the military topographic map database as combining between the knowledge of deciphering military target and technique of processing digital image New points of the dissertation Establishing the scientific background on model of database structure of Vietnam military topographic map on the basis of supplementing the structure for Military geographic background database Building the solution system of building military topographic map database of various scales by generalization tools according to automatic operation chain as building derived database, Set of automatic presentation rules in editing military topographic map and process of extracting geographic object from remote sensing image for the purpose of updating Building the software for managing, sharing data of military topographic map, contributing to supporting the efficient exploitation of topographic information, expanding to many different objects having knowledge about information and technology in the army 10 Structure of the dissertation Structure of the dissertation includes chapters, presented in 150 pages In which the writing part includes 121 pages, 62 figures and diagrams, 13 tables CHAPTER OVERVIEW ON RESEARCH SITUATION BUILDING AND UPDATING DATABASE OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAP IN THE COUNTRY AND IN THE WORLD 1.1 Situation of building mapping database 1.1.1 Real situation of building mapping database * In the world: Strategic objective of many mapping organizations in the world at present and in the future is to build an unique jointly used database (landscape model having the highest accuracy) in order to extract automatically the digital map products However, this thing exceeds the ability of existing technology because it is required to solve concurrently the requirements on data generalization and presentation Therefore, in fact, people chose more simple solution that is to build the database in service of presenting the map (extracting from geographic background database by method of map generalization) with scale corresponding to the scale system of the map to be formed With the way of organizing the data as above, in fact, there is shortcoming about information synchrony in the system because of the reason that the volume of updating work is too big, it must be implemented concurrently for all database and according to two different generalization methods On the other hand, due to the use demand, mapping database is updated regularly, thus the data is often newer than geographic background database [41], [48], [58], [59] * In the country: National geographic background database (manufactured at Department of Survey and Mapping Vietnam - Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment) has been being completed The system of national topographic maps of various scales is established according to software MicroStation, with the model of file database Military geographic background database (manufactured at Defense Mapping Agency of Vietnam (DMAV) - General Staff) is built from original map The system of military geographic maps includes the scales from 1:10,000 to 1:1,000,000, is established on the background of graphic software MicroStation 1.1.2 Application of technology in building database and establishing the map: including the technology of establishing digital map and GIS technology: 1) Technology of building the model of database structure; 2) Technology of building database 1.1.3 Researches on building database and presenting the map * Researches on generalization: - Database is built according to multi-presentation model: 1) The object is abstracted at different levels and created the association among these levels; 2) Building the association among independent databases, database at big scale used to extract databases at smaller scale by generalization solutions (being applied more successfully) - Generalization of data on the aspect of abstracting detail level is analyzed on the basis of 12 basic activities and six cases require implementing generalization operation namely: overlapping, integration, conflict (crossing, contact and integration), change, nonunification and exaggeration [61] Generalization algorithms, tools and software are built according to object feature to improve the automation ability [23], [41], [51], [61], [62], [65], [68] * Researches on map presentation: were summarized by the scientists according to basic solution groups such as: displacement, creation of mask effect and change of necessary sign dimension (to solve the sign conflicts as presenting the map) Especially, the scientists of Esri firm (America) researched successfully the technique of displaying representative sign according to the presentation principles designed in advance [59], [65], [68] 1.2 Situation of updating database from remote sensing image 1.2.1 Actual situation of updating database from remote sensing image As deciphering by eyes, geographic object is often digitalized and attached information on the basis of referring old data For the method of treating digital image, object of extracting image directly is updated into database on the basis of combining expert knowledge and image analysis, treatment system The extraction of fluctuation data from multi-time image only has supporting nature [10], [26] 42], [43], [48], [52], [53], [54], [55] 1.2.2 Application of remote sensing technology for purpose of updating database 1.2.3 Research works for purpose of updating database from remote sensing image Methods of extracting geographic object from remote sensing image which is researched successfully basically focus on the object of optical remote sensing image with dissolution < 1m separately or in combination with Lidar data, using Markov order model algorithm, GIS method [42], [43], [45], [49], [53], [54], [55] 1.3 Managing and sharing military data 1.4 Issues to be solved in the dissertation Researching the basis to supplement data structure for geographic background database suitable for purposes of generalization and presentation of map Analyzing the effect factors and purpose activities according to object feature in building extraction database in order to propose suitable technology solution Scientific basis on presenting the map from database with the objective of not affecting to the quality of original data is considered on the basis of combining the technique of extracting the information and displaying digital map Basis of applying the method of classifying object, military geographic object group from remote sensing image and principles on selecting, using documentation above for the purpose of updating database Using special-purposed software for managing, sharing and exploiting geographic map database to expand to use objects in the military field CHAPTER THEORETICAL BACKGROUND FOR BUILDING MILITARY TOPOGRAPHIC MAP DATABASE 2.1 Concept of military topographic map database of Vietnam 2.1.1 Military topographic map 2.1.2 Military topographic map database 2.2 Generalizing background theory in building and updating map database 2.2.1 Digital map 2.2.2 Building map database 2.2.3 Updating database by remote sensing image 2.3 Building database 2.3.1 Factors affecting to the building of map data General theory factors: Map scale; Special subject content and map type; Feature of object to be reflected; Territory geography feature; Documentation condition; Presentation [22], [31], [37] New factors appear due to the effect of technology: 1) Spatial resolution; 2) Spatial relationship among objects; 3) Information extraction method; 4) Data enrichment 2.3.2 Data generalization Including the related research contents such as: concept of generalization, generalization of object data without network type, generalization of object data with network type, generalization of attribute data, scale calculation in data generalization, method of evaluating accuracy of data generalization Figure 2-4 Proposed generalization model Table 2-2 Classification of data generalization with network type 11 CHAPTER TECHNICAL – TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION OF BUILDING MILITARY TOPOGRAPHIC MAP DATABASE 3.1 Technology selection: ArcGIS software set used for building, updating database and presenting the map, ENVI 5.0 used for treating digital image 3.2 Technology process Figure 3-1 Diagram of technology process for building military topographic map database 3.3 Data conversion, normalization and supplementation of information structure 12 3.3.1 Data conversion 3.3.2 Data normalization 3.3.3 Supplementation of information structure, data enrichment 3.4 Generalization in building derived database 3.4.1 Generalized operations sequence analysis Figure 3-2 Operations sequence analysis diagram in building derived database 3.4.2 Generalization by discrete method Figure 3-3 Generalized operation diagram by discrete method 3.4.3 Generalization by synthetic interaction method Figure 3-5 Generalized operation diagram by synthetic interaction method 13 3.5 Map presentation of scales Figure 3-7 Presentation diagram of military topographic map from database 3.6 Set of automatic presentation rules 3.6.1 Basis for building Set of automatic presentation rules Figure 3-8 Conceptual diagram of Presentation technique Figure 3-9 Conceptual diagram of Presentation indicator Figure 3-10 Conceptual diagram of Presentation list 14 Figure 3-11 Conceptual diagram of Map presentation 3.6.2 Building Set of automatic presentation rules Set of automatic presentation rules includes: numeric symbol set, set of automatic symbol presentation rules and presentation samples Figure 3-12 Diagram of procedures for building set of automatic presentation rules 3.7 Updating database by remote sensing image 3.7.1 Technological process Figure 3-13 Diagram of technological process updating geographic object from remote sensing image 15 3.7.2 Set orthogonal image 3.7.3 Separating object Figure 3-15 Diagram of procedure for separating geographic object from remote sensing image Selection of applied algorithm: 1) Object class classification algorithm; 2) Object-oriented classification algorithm; 3) Calculation of mean value of reflective spectrum layers; 4) Object vectorization from image; 5) Data simplification after vectorization 3.7.4 Deciphering image 3.8 Building database management, sharing and exploiting software of military topographic map 3.8.1 Purpose of building 3.8.2 System design 3.8.3 Functions of software Conclusion of chapter This database is designed in the form of model in the geographic background database by supplementing data structure The automatic generalization tools are built on the basis of applying the proposed theory and exploiting the facility features of ArcGIS software The map presentation technique is divided into two cases for the direct information exploitation numeric map from the screen and printing on paper (not affect the original database The image deciphering procedure and digital image processing procedure (by object-oriented classification method in combination with classification under the combination image sample or reflective spectrum 16 sample on remote sensing image) is the basis for separating the military geographic object to serve the database update The solution for building the database management, sharing software of military topographic map is the basis for expanding the exploitation, using object for military purpose CHAPTER TESTING TECHNICAL – TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION FOR BUILDING AND UPDATING DATABASE OF MILITARY TOPOGRAPHIC MAP 4.1 Building automatic generalization tool of database with scales 1:25,000, 1:50,000 from database with scale 1:10,000 4.1.1 Building generalization tool by discrete method: The test result includes 50 tools, in which: Aquatic system 20, Topography 3, Traffic 12, Population and infrastructure 10, Military 1, Border and boundary 3, Surface covering 4.1.2 Building generalization tool by synthetic interaction method Building the automatic generalization operations sequences for the objects without geometric change.Building the preprocessing operations sequences (only include the operations such as selection and rejection, aggregation) for the objects with geometric change after generalization Generalizing simultaneously the objects on the basis of line simplification operation, except for the objects that need to be preserved the level of abstraction The test result includes 44 tools, in which: Aquatic system 16, Topography 3, Traffic 12, Population and infrastructure 10, Military 1, Surface covering * Evaluation of test result: the discrete generalization tools have the advantage of shorter implementation time, suitable for the areas with the homologous topographic characteristic The generalization tools have the slower processing speed, suitable for the areas with the complicated, interleaved topographic characteristic The scales are different but the list of objects is not changed, apply the operations sequences by changing the parameter corresponding to 17 the scale to be built For the models with change in list of objects and list of attributes, must supplement the conceptual generalization operation and reclassification on the basis of filtering by attribute 4.2 Building Set of military topographic map presentation rules with scale 1:10,000, 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 from the military geographic background database with scale 1:10,000 4.2.1 Numeric symbol set Table 4-1 Test result of symbol set with scales 1:10,000, 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 4.2.2 Set of automatic presentation rules Table 4-2 Statistics of test results of designing set of automatic presentation rules 4.2.3 Automatic presentation form The presentation form contains display object information (vector, note) and display order of precedence The information structure includes subjects: 1) Main content: 81 layers; 2) Frame and none-frame explanation: 14 layers; 3) Note of main content: contain attribute information separation result * Evaluation of test result: the set of test automatic presentation rules includes the presentation form, Numeric symbol set and set of automatic presentation rules for the military topographic map with scale 1:10,000, 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 This is also the basis for developing the Set of military topographic map presentation rules for 18 smaller scales May develop the Set of presentation rules for the other map product forms 4.3 Building database and map presentation forms for specific topographic forms * Building database with scales 1:10,000, 1:25,000 and 1:50,000: Data of separated, converted and normalized areas under the designed geographic background frame for scale 1:10,000 From this database, apply the generalization tools to derive to the geographic background database with scale 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 * Map presentation with scales 1:10,000, 1:25,000 and 1:50,000: Use the Set of automatic presentation rules for presenting the map from database with scale corresponding to the scale necessary for establishing the above map and method of map derivation with smaller scales from the map with larger scale 4.4 Separating geographic object from VNREDSAT-1 The used document is the set image product, intensify the spatial resolution (2.5m) at the Defense Mapping Agency of Vietnam – General Staff In which, original satellite image (received on 15/9/2013), Version V1 S 1319; Coordinate system WGS 84, UTM projection, zone 49; Resolution 2.5m for panchromatic image, 10m for multi-spectrum image 4.4.1 Separating object, object class by image of Red-Green-Blue combination Select object segmentation value 75% Select aggregation value of object segmentations 70% Use different imaging function of vegetation index [25]: NDVI = (DNRed - DNGreen)/(DNRed + DNGreen + eps) (4.1) In which, DNRed, DNGreen respectively are the brightness value of image pixel on Red and Green channel; eps is a small value to avoid denominator equal to 19 From the different image of vegetation index, it shows that cool corrugated iron roof object has the value very close to the yard or traffic road object Therefore, the object-oriented classification in combination with classification by image sample is only good for the roof object without corrugated iron, surface water and vegetation The other objects must be in combination with visual deciphering 4.4.2 Separating object, object class by image of Para- infraredRed-Blue combination Select object segmentation value 85%, aggregation value of object segmentations 70%, because these parameters ensure the full object separation Use different imaging function of vegetation index [25]: NDVI = (DNNir - DNRed)/(DNNir + DNRed + eps) (4.2) In which, DNNir, DNRed respectively are the brightness value of image pixel on Para-infrared and Red channel; eps is a small value to avoid denominator equal to 4.4.3 Separating object by Green channel Select object segmentation value 40%, aggregation value of object segmentations 80%, because these parameters ensure the full object separation 4.4.4 Separating object by Para- infrared channel Select object segmentation value 85%, aggregation value of object segmentations 80% * Conclusion: - The roof, traffic road, vegetation, unoccupied land, boundary between some areas may be separated by digital processing method - If the study area is basically homologous in the characteristic of object needed to be separated, the object-oriented classification by Para-infrared channel and selection of simultaneous separation of objects ensure the spatial accuracy better than all others) And for the area with complicated geographic object characteristic, should combine the application of object group classification on the basis of sampling on 20 different image of vegetation index (when the spectrum reflection of contiguous objects is distinguished distinctly) - The vector data after separating from image must implement the generalization activities according to the reception criteria of each geographic object before synchronization into database - The parameters used for separating data are selected depending on spectrum reflection characteristic and structure of object in each specific case - When taking change sample, it is necessary to select the image polarization limit value in order to ensure that it does not filter the object 4.5 Synthetic test of solutions for an area The used document is the national geographic background database with scale 1:10,000 (2012) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment The received satellite image SPOT5 (2013) has good image quality, without cloud Defense land database (2013), digital model of resolution 30m and change detecting document (2013) of the Defense Mapping Agency of Vietnam * Building database: The spatial change objects according to the reception criteria are converted into the respective geometric form fully The application of automation support tool in establishing data is a suitable solution In which, the synthetic interaction generalization model has advantage of decrease in workload dealing with spatial conflict when the topographic characteristic is diversified * Updating geographic information from satellite image SPOT5: The military geographic objects not included in the national geographic background database or newly appear are decoded visually, digitalizing and assigning attribute information according to each object on the basis of referring digital data with image background, defense land database The change objects concentrate mainly on vegetation covering layer object, some traffic lines and population and infrastructure The image 21 deciphering key is built in the same geographic area, it supports effectively when deciphering the object from image * Map presentation: The map is presented on the basis of using Set of automatic presentation rules of geographic background database with scale 1:25,000 The data of military zone is updated and saved in the database but not printed on paper map Through the statistics of automation object data presenting the test map product, it shows that the capacity of editing digital map is up to 90%; and the editing of paper printed service map reaches about 60% - 80% * Evaluation of test result: the automatic map presentation system ensures the technical requirements editing military topographic map both in digital and paper forms 4.6 Organizing map information content in the database management, sharing and exploitation software of military topographic map * Testing digital map presentation for exploiting direct information from screen for military transport network data * Testing military topographic map database integration Integrate the military topographic map database with scale 1:10,000 (Da Nang City), 1:25,000 (Tan Bien), 1:50,000 (Hoa Binh) into the map display system Integrate satellite images QuickBird with resolution of 0.6m (Da Nang city) and Landsat covering territory, resolution 30m exploited from Internet network; SPOT5 (Tan Bien area) and VNREDSat-1 (Da Nang city) with resolution of 2.5m Integrate map presentation form in the form of printing editing and electronic map to exploit the automatic map presentation feature of the software Conclusion of chapter The military topographic map database has enough capacity to develop the modern map forms, at the same time it is favorable in updating system information The automatic generalization tools for building data, and the Set of automatic presentation rules using the 22 purpose of presentation, editing military topographic map meets the requirements on building military topographic map database The visual deciphering of military geographic objects ensures the technical requirements updating database Separation technique of object, object class from the remote sensing image has the role in supporting spatial data separation The data display organization test in the selfestablished specialized software ensures the requirements on managing, sharing data at the grassroots levels, suitable with the information exploitation capacity for the users at many different levels CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Conclusion The military topographic map database is organized in the form of model in military geographic background database on the basis of supplementing data structure The military topographic map data is also separated into an independent database, or converted into the different formats according to the international standard, when installing on the modern military equipment This can ensure the optimization purpose in managing, exploiting and updating data in the whole system, may be called collectively military topographic database The automatic generalization tools by discrete generalization method and synthetic interaction method support appropriately for building the databases derived from the database with highest accuracy and detail level In which, the generalization by discrete method is suitable with the areas of homologous topographic characteristic, and the generalization by and synthetic interaction method is more suitable with the areas of complicated topographic characteristic The Set of automatic map presentation rules is built on the basis of map theory, database and application of GIS technology The Set of rules ensures the technical requirements on editing and presenting military topographic map from military geographic 23 background database, when this database has been supplemented with structure in accordance with the purpose of map presentation The digital image processing technique in combination with expert knowledge in deciphering military geographic object, especially military target ensures the data update directly from the remote sensing image to the database In which, some geographic objects (such as vegetation, traffic, house, surface water) can be separated from the remote sensing image with high resolution based on the combination between object-oriented classification technique and classification by spectrum reflection characteristic, with the best obtained result is to use the Para-infrared channel The attribute data of military geographic object must be determined on the basis of referring to original database, reliable documents, expert knowledge in deciphering military target and need the field survey The exploitation of preeminent features of software packages ArcGIS, ENVI is in accordance with the purpose of building and updating military topographic map database, as well as investment capacity in human, equipment of the Vietnamese Army at present Besides, the solution for building software to serve the topographic map database information management, exploiting and sharing can satisfy the actual use requirements for the users widely in the army The topographic map database that is built according to the above model can be used for developing the modern map product forms (such as 3D map, network map, multimedia map ), in order to meet optimally the consultation work and topographic assurance Recommendation Within the scope of research of the theme, only carry out test for 03 scales of the military geographic background database system including 1:10,000, 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 This model needs to be continued testing for the remaining scales in the database 24 system providing information in the Military topography branch and other branches related to the use of digital map model Through the test, it shows that the automatic generalization tools in building data and Set of presentation rules in map presentation only automate about 50% to 70% of workload depending on the complexity level of the execution area At the same time, in order that the system operates stably, it demands to invest, update synchronously the computer system and train human resources Thus, it is necessary to improve the procedure automation capacity and more simplification in the way of operation The solution for separating military geographic object to update database only solves for the object with large size on the satellite image with high resolution Therefore, it is necessary to continue the direction of research in combination with satellite image with high resolution and the other document sources to separate the objects with small size and complicated spatial relationship with the contiguous objects LIST OF SCIENCE WORKS HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED BY AUTHOR RELATED CONTENT OF THE THESIS Nguyen Thi Lan Phuong, “Building decipher key set from SPOT5 satellite image in service of establishing, updating, adjusting topographic map”, Natural Resources and Environment magazine (No 1/2011), p 38-43, Hanoi, 2011 (Vietnamese) Nguyen Thi Lan Phuong, “The use of geodatabase for military mapping in multi-display”, Collection of the 20th scientific Conference reports, University of Mining and Geology, p 2429, Hanoi, (2012) Nguyen Thi Lan Phuong, “Research builds shoreline fluctuations at the Truong Sa islands”, Collection of the 1st scientific Conference reports, Hanoi University for Natural Resources and Environment, p 49-54, Hanoi, (2013) Nguyen Thi Lan Phuong, “Research findings to build the display rules for topographic map from the military geographic database”, Geodesy and Cartography magazine, (No 18), p 1229, Hanoi, 2013 (Vietnamese) Nguyen Thi Lan Phuong, “Research build automated generalization models for the military geographic database”, Geodesy and Cartography magazine, (No 19), p 9-14, Hanoi, 2014 (Vietnamese) ... background database Researching scientific background for extracting military geographic data from remote sensing image for the purpose of updating database * Testing: Testing the building of generalization... in building and updating map database 2.2.1 Digital map 2.2.2 Building map database 2.2.3 Updating database by remote sensing image 2.3 Building database 2.3.1 Factors affecting to the building... updating database 1.2.3 Research works for purpose of updating database from remote sensing image Methods of extracting geographic object from remote sensing image which is researched successfully basically