HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS PHAM THI THUY EMPLOYMENT FOR FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY IN HANOI SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS Major: Political Economy Code: 62 31 01 01 HA NOI-2014 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale Human resources have a great role in the sustainable development of each country, nation. The issue of human resources is very seriously considered by the Party and it is also the basic ideas throughout the renovation period. Vietnamese people in the new era have made significant changes, are really passionate and creative in labor, studying, research , which is an important contribution in creating the new face of the country. However, those potentials must be promoted through the production process; one of the specific expressions is employments and socio- economic it creates. So , the documents of the Party’s IXth National Congress emphasize "Job creation is the determining factor to promote human factor, stabilize and develop the economy, strengthen the society, meet the legitimate aspirations and urgent requirements of the people." The general trend of the industrialization process of developing countries associated with the process of restructuring the economic sector towards reducing the proportion of agricultural workers, increasing the proportion of industrial and services employments. Of which, the trend of urbanization, development of industrial zones, the new economic and cultural centers leads to a large number of laborers losing land for production, losing jobs and switching to other ones. This situation is happening to the process of industrialization and modernization of Vietnam in general and of Hanoi in particular. The policy of socio-economic development attached to job creation in Hanoi has had a positive impact on the demand for labor, labor market 2 development, workforce restructuring; contributed to improving the quality of labor, the environment and more opportunities for farmers with land recovered to find a job and settle their lives. However, the result is not much with the pressure on employment of the City, particularly jobs for farmers on increasing land recovery in the suburban areas under the impact of urbanization and industrialization. In the process of restructuring, business reorganization, a division of labor meeting the new requirements for recruitment cannot be retrained and lose their jobs; the problem of converting occupation, training, recovering income for laborers in land recovery area to meet the requirements of the urbanization process is getting more difficult, which makes the problem of job creation even more pressing. Therefore, the author has chosen the research topic "Employment for farmers on land recovery in Hanoi" for the thesis paper. 2. Research objectives and mission 2.1. Research objectives Analyze, assess the status of employments and job creation for farmers on land recovery in Ha Noi; indicate the achievements and the shortcomings, weakness and causes, from which propose viewpoints, orientations and major measures to create jobs and ensure long-term stable life for farmers on land recovery in Hanoi. 2.2. Research Tasks + Systematize the basic theoretical issues about employment and jobs creation for farmers on land recovery. 3 + Research experience of a number of localities in the country to create jobs for farmers on land recovery and draw the lessons learnt for Hanoi. + Analyze and assess the status of employment and job creation for farmers on land recovery in Ha Noi, indicate the results achieved and shortcomings, weakness in job creation for farmers on land recovery in Hanoi in the recent years. + Propose perspective and job creation solutions to ensure long-term stable life for farmers on land recovery in Hanoi. 3. Objects and scope of the research 3.1. Research Objects The object of the thesis research is employments for farmers when land is recovered in terms of political economy. 3.2. Scope of the Study - The thesis mainly focuses on employments and job creation for farmers on land recovery in Hanoi since 2005. - Research and surveys location: The suburban districts of Hanoi, especially the author conducted fieldwork in the districts of Quoc Oai, Tu Liem, Ha Dong, Dan Phuong, Gia Lam and Ba Vi and showed the number of agricultural labors who have lost their jobs, switched into another jobs is very high and it’s unlikely to find new employments to guarantee their income. So, unless this issue is solved, a lot of pressing social problems will arise and affect the sustainable development goals of the city and the country. 4. Rationale and Research Methods 4 4.1. Rationale The thesis applied the Marxism - Leninism viewpoint system and the Vietnamese Communist Party’s polices on job creation for the people whose land is recovered. In addition, the thesis also inherits and develops the theoretical perspectives of scientists in the country and the world on the related content. 4.2. Research methodology - Use the method of dialectical materialism, historical materialism, scientific abstraction methods for analyzing reasoning and practical issues about jobs for farmers on land recovery; - Use statistical methods, analysis, logic combined with history, and summary for survey and evaluation of jobs creation process for farmers on land recovery in Hanoi; - Inherit in a selective manner the results of previous studies and update new information about the research topic. 5. New contributions of the thesis Firstly, the thesis clarifies the theoretical and practical basis on employment for farmers on land recovery. Secondly, on the basis of analyzing, evaluating job creation process for farmers on land recovery in Hanoi with the figures reported by the competent authority and facts gained through questionnaire survey by the author, the author has concluded some objective statements about the achievements, restrictions and causes of the shortcomings in job creation process for farmers on land recovery in Hanoi. 5 Thirdly, the author has investigated in depth the status of jobs and job creation in some typical districts in Hanoi so that the author can offer perspectives and propose appropriate solutions to improve the efficiency of job creation for farmers on land recovery, achieve the targets that have been set out by the City in job creation plans and strategies of socio- economic development of the capital. 6. Significance of the thesis 6.1. Reasoning significance The thesis contributes to further clarify the theoretical issues of jobs and job creation in general and in Hanoi in particular. 6.2. Practical significance The thesis can be used as a reference for research and teaching. The directions and solutions proposed in the thesis may suggest the management agencies the appropriate adjustments on job creation for the people on land recovery in the locality today. 7. Structure of the thesis Besides the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices, the thesis consists of 4 chapters and 10 sections. Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON EMPLOYMENTS FOR FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY IN HANOI 1.1. RESEARCH SITUATION OF EMPLOYMENTS FOR FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY 6 1.1.1. Generalizing some overseas studies into employment The author has studied the works by Karl Marx, JM Keynes, Harry Toshima, EF . Schumacher and the models like classical Job Creation Model: free competition in the market – flexible wage and full employment; Job Creation theory by transferring employees between two regions of the economy. 1.1.2. Some typical studies in the country into employment for farmers on land recovery to build industrial parks and new urban areas The author studies related issues published in the works: books, scientific research, theses and scientific papers. 1.2. GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THE TOPIC ”EMPLOYMENTS FOR FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY IN VIETNAM TODAY” 1.2.1. The issues ojob creation on land recovery in Vietnam have been resolved All the works domestic and overseas mentioned above have covered all issues of jobs, job creation; perspectives and solutions to job creation for workers to improve material and spiritual life of people, to reduce social problems arising, especially unemployment today. During the study, the author has assessed the status of the influence, the necessity as well as the affecting factors of land recovery on employment for farmers whose land is acquired; on which the author has offered some recommendations and solutions to promote the creation of jobs for farmers whose land is recovered. 7 Each report at a particular time, with different scales, methods and approaches have thoroughly exploited the quite colorful picture of the actual situation of conversion of land use purpose and the issues arising. In sum the reports also highlight the characteristics and size, as well as the impact on socio-economic condition, life – job of the transition of land use purpose in Vietnam recently. 1.2.2. The content on jobs and job creation for farmers on land recovery needs further study So far due to time and other related objective, subjective matters, the views and solutions of previous authors have no longer suitable to the requirements of practicality. So, this problem still requires to be considered more and effective solutions to job creation for farmers in Hanoi. In this direction, the thesis keeps focusing on surveys on jobs and job creation for farmers on land recovery in Hanoi and offers solutions on the basis of inheriting and developing the works of previous authors; especially in the new circumstances and historical conditions of Hanoi. Chapter 2 RATIONALE AND PRACTICES OF EMPLOYMENTS FOR FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY 2.1. GENERAL THEORY ON EMPLOYMENTS FOR FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY 2.1.1 . The concepts of job According to some experts in the field of labor in our country, people have different notions on employment as follows: Employees are people who work in the fields, professions that are usefully operating and 8 not prohibited by law, providing income to feed themselves and their families, and contributing to the society. From the concepts, the author considers: employments are all legal income generating activities under many different forms. Stable jobs are the lawful income activities, commensurating with the labor spent and stabilizing the lives of labor with safe workplace, social guarantee, prospects for development of individuals and their families, equal opportunities and treatment. 2.1.2. Employments of farmers and the impact of land recovery on farmers’ employments 2.1.2.1. Farmers’ work and jobs for farmers on land recovery According to the author, jobs for farmers on land recovery are the economic activities that farmers after land recovery can access and use to generate income for themselves and their families legally. 2.1.2.2. The positive impacts of land recovery on employments of farmers - Create more working opportunities for laborers - Promote enhanced qualifications for employees. - The positive impact on economic restructuring and thus on the labor structure 2.1.2.3. The negative impacts of land recovery on employments of farmers - Land for agricultural cultivation is narrowed down creating pressure on laborers. 9 - Acquisition of agricultural land increases the risk of unemployment in the group of laborers over the age of 35. - Due to not getting a job in rural areas after land recovery, the flow of people into the city for jobs increases causing many negative phenomena and potential of instability in the society. 2.2. EMPLOYMENT FOR FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY 2.2.1. The concept of employment for farmers on land recovery In this thesis, the author considers: Creating jobs for farmers on land recovery is the process of creating a legal environment, necessary socio- economic conditions, developing and implementing policies to support training and re-training, career transformation, developing goods production businesses and services in order to ensure legal income, stabilize the long-term life for farmers on land recovery. 2.2.2. Content, subject and assessment criteria for outcome of job creation for farmers on land recovery * Content and the agent solving jobs for farmers on land recovery - Content of job creation for farmers on land recovery includes: + Developing and implementing a master plan for the recovery of agricultural land and plan to create jobs for farmers on land recovery. + Developing regulatory environment, necessary socio-economic conditions to develop the labor market. + Developing production - business, especially those using a number of laborers to attract agricultural labor after land recovery. + Developing and implementing policies to support job training , career transformation for workers to find employment opportunities . [...]... 11.6 thousand hectares to switch to the non-agricultural purposes, and will continue to decline 25,218.9 hectares in 2020, reducing the area of agricultural land in Hanoi down to 151,779.9 hectares only Thus, in the coming years, the agricultural land area in Hanoi will decrease over 36,000 ha Based on calculations of the Ministry of Labour - Invalids and Social Welfare once each hectare of agricultural . HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS PHAM THI THUY EMPLOYMENT FOR FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY IN HANOI SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS Major:. difficult, which makes the problem of job creation even more pressing. Therefore, the author has chosen the research topic "Employment for farmers on land recovery in Hanoi" for the thesis. Promote enhanced qualifications for employees. - The positive impact on economic restructuring and thus on the labor structure 2.1.2.3. The negative impacts of land recovery on employments of farmers -