HO CHI MINH NATIONAL POLITICAL ACADEMY TRAN THI LAN WORKING QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM CURRENTLY Major : Scientific Socialism Code : 62 22 85 01 SUMMARY PHD THESIS IN PHILOSOPHY HA NOI - 2014 The work was completed at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Scientific supervisor: PROF. DR. HOANG CHI BAO Reviewer 1:…………………………………………………………………………. Reviewer 2:…………………………………………………………………………. Reviewer 3:…………………………………………………………………………. The PhD thesis will be defensed in front of a jury and marked by at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics At…: On 2014 The PhD thesis is available in National Library and the Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Urgency of the topic Entering the twenty-first century, the development of the knowledge economy and the revolution of science and technology not only definites the top-ten situation of human in productive force but also more and more clearly understand the extremely significant role of the intellectual resource in the development of the internal resources in each nation, each country. Vietnam is in the period of turning-point for development and promotion of industrialization and modernization. The context of the world and the era is creating prospects and favorable conditions for Vietnam as well as places our nation in the face of many risks, severe challenges in the process of integration, of which intellectual lagging and backwardness are the most fearful things. As a cradle of training high-quality human resources, the higher education of Vietnam hold a heavy responsibility to the creation and development of intellectual potential of the nation. This explains the reason why the overcoming of high-level human resources through improving labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia is considered as a strategic solution to the protection and development of Nation that should be taken interest by Vietnam. This is a direct result arising from an increase in intellectural resources that is paid special attention by Vietnam and other countries in the face of Knowledge, science and technology-based economic competition. This serious problem is also explained from long-term weaknesses of training quality of higher-education human resource in Vietnam. The more deeply Vietnam penetrates into the integration, the more affected training of human resource of Vietnam will be by the rules of competition and the negative impacts of the dark side of market mechanism. Qualification and capacity insufficiency, expression of individualism, pragmatism, formalism in labor and lack of devotion of many people in the intellectural and educators to their great responsibility to the education career. Especially, quality of higher education trained human resources does not meet requirements of domestic and international labor market that is completely stranger to the nature of creative scientific pedagogical labor and Noble Qualities of teachers. If it is not promptly remedied, human resources will be affected not only in the present but also in the future. Synchronous solutions, in particular, groundbreaking remedies play an important role in overcoming those difficulties and challenges as well as in improving the mentioned actual situation. It is requirement of development of human resource that makes working quality of higher education intelligentsia become a top interest of managers and leaders as well as of the whole society during implementation of educational revolution. On the other hand, it also ensure the the existence, sustainable development of Vietnamese higher 2 education institutions in the context of competition and international integration, in the face of expectations of the society for the innovation of educators, programs and higher education methods with the aim of improving quality of trained human resource. This is the urgent demands of society, a difficult and complex task, waste much effort, time, intellectual faculties and money. On a higher plane, concerning responsibility and conscience of the society, the interest in working quality of higher education intelligentsia means caring about training intelectual resources of the nation. It is needed to find a groundbreaking of human potential on the material racks of economic development in order to ensure reliability of the development strategy and sustainability. The key of creating the higher education human resources is working quality of the intelligentsia and educators. With the such dialectical perspective, we can see the importance and urgency of innovation of higher education, starting from innovation of working quality of managers and generations of lecturer. Interpretation and survey of the issue for finding out the solution to development not only bring theoretical meaning but also contribute to implement verification of quality of universities in accordance with standards of Ministry of Education and Training with the a view to “basic and comprehensive innovation of the education” according to the Resolution 8 in the 11 th session of the Communist Party. For the above reasons, the author chooses the issue “Working quality of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam currently” as the topic for the doctoral dissertation. 2. Research purposes and tasks 2.1. Research purposes The research is to definite a systematic conception of working quality of higher education intelligentsia in order to establish a scientific arguments of assessment of real situation in Vietnam, and then solutions to improving working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia are suggested in the beginning decades of the twenty-first century. 2.2. Research tasks In order to achieve the said purpose, apart from overview of the research situation related to intellectual issues, higher education intelligentsia, the dissertation is focused on performing the following basic tasks: - Clarigying the theoretical basis of working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia from showing the general conception to showing labor characteristics, assessment criteria and assessment of improvement of working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia presently. - Assessing the real situation of working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia and arising issues - Suggesting some key solutions in order to improve working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia with the view to meeting requirements 3 of international integration, development of intellectual economy and promotion of industrialization and modernization of the country. 3. Subject, scope of research: 3.1. Research subjects: The dissertation researches into working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia in the progress of innovation and promotion of industrialization and modernization of the nation along with impacts of trend of international integration and the great development of knowledge economy. 3.2. Scope of reseach - Quality of the higher education intelligentsia consists of a large content. Nevertheless, the dissertation only researches into three main aspects viz teaching, scientific research and education management of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnamese public universities. - Concerning time, the dissertation surveys the real situation of working quality of Vietnamese higher education inntelligentsia in the range from 2000 to 2013 and establishes solutions to improvement of working quality of such intelligentsia in the future. 4. Theoretical bases and method of the research 4.1. Theoretical bases The dissertation is performed on the basis of theoretical Marxism - Leninism and Ho Chi Minh thought, viewpoint, guidelines and policies of the Party, State law on intelligentsia, education intelligentsia, higher education intelligentsia in labor and labor motivation in general. The dissertation is also inherited research results related to dissertations of authors in Vietnam and in the world. 4.2. Method of research The disseration is performed on the basis of methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, method of logics and history and interdisciplinary methods such as analysis, summary, sociological investigation, comparison and generalization. 5. New scientific contributions of the dissertation - The dissertation systematically researches into issues concerning working quality of higher education intelligentsia in terms of philosophy - politics - society - education. - The dissertation establishes assessment criteria of working quality of higher education intelligentsia in professional activities. - The dissertation suggests solutions in order to improve the working working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia in the context of innovation, promotion of industrialization and modernization of the country in the impacts of trends of integration, globalization and knowledge economy development. 4 6. Theoretical and practical significances of the dissertation - The dissertation contributes to the development of new theoretical and practical research direction for working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia with the combination of philosophy - politics - society and education. - The dissertation contributes to the consolidation of scientific arguments as the basic of planning guidelines and policies of the Party and of the State on higher education intellectual activities in the new conditions. - The dissertation can be used as a reference for researching and teaching topics related to intellection and higher education intellection. 7. Structure of the dissertation Apart from the introduction, conclusion, list of references, appendix, the dissertation is divided into 4 chapters, 11 lessons. Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THE DISSERTATION 1.1. RESEARCHES IN VIETNAM WITH THE REGARD TO THE DISSERTATION 1.1.1. Typical researches directdiscussing the knowledge In the context of increase of interest in resources for development of the country in the period of industrialization and modernization, there are many State-level scientific topics, projects, dissertations and scientific articles explaining various knowledge aspects. In order to continue clarifying nature of Marxism - Leninism science, revolutionary and appropriate awareness of Vietnamese Communist Party about knowledge, such researches has given plausible interpretation of roles and missions of knowledge in promotion of industrialization and modernization of the country. By the interpretation of potiential of Vietnamese intelligentsia with the respect for the knowledge, authors suggested practical solutions to promotion of roles of intelligentsia in order to meet requirements of integration and development of knowledge economy. 1.1.2. Researches into higher education, characteristics and working quality of higher education intelligentsia Firstly, researches gave the general outline of higher education intelligentsia: With the view on considering higher education intelligentsia as a factor that directly affecting training quality of human resource, many researchers focused on explaination of situation and roles of higher education intelligentsia and finding out basic solutions in order to create motivation for educators and lecturers at undergraduation education level. 5 Secondly, researches directly discussed working characteristics of higher education intelligentsia, namely: The article “Working characteristics of lecturers in universities and vocational training schools”, Journal of higher and professional education, Vol. 5/2000 by author Do Van Phuc mainly emphasized creative labor, intellectual labor with some harmful elements and typical tensions of higher education intelligentsia. In order to determinate working characteristics of higher education intelligentsia, Associate.Professor. Doctor Nguyen Thi My Loc and Doctor Dang Xuan Hai in the topic: “higher education lecturers and pedagogical communication”, “teaching methods at higher education level” in the training material “Higher education”, Hanoi, 2003 came up with the concept: In universities, pedagogical creativity associated with scientific creativity. Assco.Prof.Dr Pham Hong Quang – author of the book named “educational environment”, Education Publishing House, 2006 affirmed that: function of pegagogical labor is to reproduce labor power of the society; it is a professional intellectual labor. During interpretation of “The nature of creative activities in scientific research”, (research material), Hanoi, 2006, Prof. Dr. Hoang Chi Bao emphasized that higher education combines teaching with scientific research and serves production. Working of higher education intelligentsia presents creativity by its rich, diversified and complex expression. Studying on the characteristics of higher education, Dr. Nguyen Ba Can in his dissertation “Competition of policy on Vietnamese higher education development presently”, Hanoi, 2009 showed that products of higher education have their unique quality – viz labors take responsibility to their families, the society and the nation. Thirdly, the researches initially mentioned working quality of higher education intelligentsia, notably: Vietnam National University, Hanoi Key topic, 2006, code: QGTĐ.02.06: “Researching into creating assessment criteria of higher education activities and scientific research of lecturers in Vietnam National University, Hanoi” was leaded by Prof. Dr. Nguyen Duc Chinh and Assco.Prof.Dr Nguyen Phuong Nga and accepted. The report “Higher education and skills for Growth”, 2008 by Human Development Department of East Asia and Pacific Region under World Bank. They are researches into measurement and assessment of efficiency of responsibility implementation of educators carried out by specialists, thus the research result plays an important role in suggesting direction of general assessment of working quality of higher education intelligentsia currently. Moreover, there are many other independent articles of scientific researches into quality of higher education in general, typical: Nguyen Duc Chinh, 6 Nguyen Phuong Nga: “Researching into construction of assessment criteria of higher education training quality”, Journal of Higher and professional education, 2000, Vol. 7; Ta Thi Thu Hien: “Quality assurance system in universities according to viewpoints of network of universities in Southeast Asia region”, Journal of Political Theory and Communications, Vol. 08/2011; Le Huu Ai, Lam Ba Hoa: “Higher education in Vietnam currently – Actual situation and solutions to improvement of quality”, Journal of Philosophy, 2010, Vol. 9; Pham Ngoc Trung: “Quality of education in Vietnamese universities presently”, Journal of Political Theory and Communications, 2011, Vol. 8. By researching into different conceptions of quality in sectors, the authors has taken their general conceptions of quality of higher education, whereby they can determine assessment criteria and suggest some solutions to improvement of working efficiency of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam currently. 1.2. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHES WITH REGARD TO THE DISSERTATION In almost countries, higher education intelligentsia are appreciated by their States. In many subjects to researches, it is nescessary to take interest in the intelligentsia, educators, especially lecturers, typically: J.Vial in the book named “History and News about teaching methods”, 1993; J.A Centra with the research into: “Self-assessment of university lecturers: A comparison of student’s assessment", Journal of Educational Assessment, Vol. 13, 1973; Ph.N.Gônôbôlin: “The psychological qualities of the teachers”, Education Publishing House, 197;Franz Emanuel Weinert: “Development of awareness of studying and teaching”, Education Publishing House, Hanoi, 1998; Especially, UNESCO has held activities on human intelligence of an education for the 21 st century with “Higher Education in the Twenty - First Century - vision and Action”, World Conference on Higher Education, Paris, October, 1998. Summary of the said researches defines a new conception of working characteristics of educators at undergraduate education level. Whereby, quality of higher education is considered as a multi-dimensional concept covering every roles and activities of the universities. 1.3. VALUES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF RESEARCHES WITH REGARD TO THE DISSERTATION AND ISSUES NEED TO BE CLARIFIED IN THE RESEARCH From overview of the research projects related to the dissertation, the author would like to make an overall assessment as follows: Firstly, research projects outlined approaches to higher education intelligentsia and intelligentsia. Notably, those views considers the intelligentsia as a social force, a social class who are identified and classified by nature of intellectual, creative and complex labor. 7 Secondly, the theoretical studies of intelligentsia and higher education intelligentsia are various but there is no State-level special research, project, scientific research, dissertation focusing on interpretation interpretation of issues concerning working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia. Thirdly, under the angle, aspects, scope of different studies, the researches mentioned working natures of lecturers in each aspect, mainly focusing on responsibility, tasks, subject, impact tools and working natures of lecturers and scientists. Fourthly, in the aspect of working quality of higher education intelligentsia, published researches were mainly focused on assessing lecturers’ tasks under the angle of approach of education. In fact, working quality of higher education intelligentsia is not studied globally and systematically by interdisciplinary perspective of philosophy - politics - society – education. Fifthly, many actual aspects concerning improvement of working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia have been clarified such as actual situation, issues steamed from such situation; regulations of working quality of higher education intelligentsia in training institutions nationwide; regime, level, impact of the guidelines, policies and laws on improvement of working quality of this group currently. Sixthly, clarification of working quality of Vietnamese higher education managers is a new issue, there is no in-depth research towards building into a theory and practical summary of working quality of this group in order to meet requirements of basic and comprehensive innovation of Vietnamese higher education today. Seventhly, many issues settled by the author such as: - With the philosophy - politics - society – education interdisciplinary approach, the dissertation forms a new systematic conception of working quality of higher education intelligentsia. - Construction of scientific arguments for the necessity of improvement of working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia today. - The dissertation establishs assessment criteria of working quality of higher education intelligentsia in some public universities. - The dissertation clarifies some problems concerning working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia, whereby the author suggests some key solutions to improvement of working quality of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam presently. 8 Chapter 2 RATIONALE ON LABOR QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA 2.1. CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENTSIA, HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA AND LABOUR OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA 2.1.1. Concept of intelligentsia Intelligentsia is a term, a science concept with different connotations. Accordingly, when considering the concept of intellectual requires attention to history - specific and perspective approach. In consistent with the concept of Marxism - Leninism, Communist Party of Vietnam on intelligentsia, we believe that, intelligentsia is a social class characterized by method of intellectual labor and creativity. They are the main force directly involved in the innovation, preservation and dissemination of knowledge, contributing to the development of cognitive science and social progress. Intelligentsia is recognized in the following outstanding characteristics: Intelligentsia is not a class but a special and typical social class. Intelligentsia should be considered an individual - entity with creative personality, education, knowledge being form through continuously training, fostering and developing by way of self-training, self-picking up and completing in creative labors and activities as well as genuine intelligentsia, knowledge must be associated with dedication; political ideals and social responsibility should be expressed through ideal career, particular professional activity, deeply attached to his motherland and people. 2.1.2. Concept of higher education intelligentsia of Vietnam Vietnam higher education intelligentsia is a typical or specific social force or a social- career group of intelligentsia; entity of pedagogical activities in the field of higher education with the duty of teaching; researching science, applying & transferring technology; organizing and managing pedagogical activities to raise people's knowledge, train the high levels of human resource and develop talented people for the country. In the process of building socialism in our country today, the roles and responsibilities of Vietnam higher education intelligentsia are more and more formed clearly as follows: Firstly, Vietnam higher education intelligentsia must directly associate the training with scientific research, activities of schools with production and community services. Secondly, Vietnam higher education intelligentsia is a striking force, key force directly to build the advanced higher education of Vietnam, significantly contribute to develop the country's education. Thirdly, with the role of intellectual resources, Vietnam higher education [...]... SITUATIONS OF THE QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM AND SEVERAL PROPOSED PROBLEMS 3.1 CURRENT SITUATIONS OF THE QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM 3.1.1 Level of satisfying the teachers’ standards for higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam In line with the cause of comprehensive renovation in Vietnam and expansion for the human resource training scale, the number... higher education human resources 2.4 EVITABILITY OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF CURRENT HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM 2.4.1 Improving the quality of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam as an inevitable need from national development requirements Building socialism in Vietnam in the aim of human liberation and development requires socio-economic development based on science and technology... directly in training human resource, building team of experts, scientists to meet requirements of labour quality of socio-economy Fourthly, Vietnam higher education intelligentsia contributes to improve the national capacity of scientific and technology Finally, Vietnam higher education intelligentsia is a force that brings creative talent, enthusiasm and responsibility in building the scientific arguments... education intelligentsia as an internal requirement for basic and comprehensive renovation in Vietnam In any higher education institutions, poor education quality is probably also a constant threat to the university’s sustainable existence and development It is necessary to be deeply aware that higher education in Vietnam has faced a 13 crucially important requirement – basic and comprehensive renovation of... such as academic advisor, class teacher or the work of unions, associations 2.3.3 Criteria for assessing the quality of current higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam Assessing the quality of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam is actually the judgment of labor values to clarify intellectual contributions of university lecturers and subjects managing the education in higher education to the... lecturers have been remedied, not only adversely affecting the teachers’ honor and prestige but also restricting the quality of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam 3.1.2 Level of fulfilling tasks of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam Firstly, fulfilling teaching tasks, doing scientific researches under training goals and curricula According to data from sociological surveys, 64.1% university... expectations 3.2 EMERGING ISSUES FOR THE LABOR QUALITY OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM 3.2.1 The risk of lagging on the qualification and capacity of the higher education intelligentsia before the international integration requirements In fact, the higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam has a lot of shortcomings and inadequacies on the professional qualifications and capacitybefore... requirements as well as expectations of the society Chapter 4 VIEW-POINT AND SOLUTION ON IMPROVING THE LABOR QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM TODAY 4.1 BASIC VIEWPOINTS ON IMPROVING THE LABOR QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA VIETNAM TODAY 4.1.1 Improving the labor quality of the higher education intelligentsia must be associated with the country's development needs To meet the... labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia 6 To clarify the labor quality of Vietnamese higher-education intelligentsia, there are a lot of issues that the author of the thesis will concentrate on studying and explaining in the future such as: - Opportunities and challenges for improving the labor quality of Vietnamese higher-education intelligentsia in the context of globalization and development... intelligentsia in the context of globalization and development of knowledge economy; - The necessary conditions to improve the labor quality of Vietnamese higher-education intelligentsia today; - Perfecting method of assessing the labor quality of Vietnamese highereducation intelligentsia towards standardization and modernization to meet requirements of international integration… Those are matters . higher-education human resource in Vietnam. The more deeply Vietnam penetrates into the integration, the more affected training of human resource of Vietnam will be by the rules of competition. INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM 2.4.1. Improving the quality of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam as an inevitable need from national development requirements Building socialism in Vietnam in the aim. establish a scientific arguments of assessment of real situation in Vietnam, and then solutions to improving working quality of Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia are suggested in the beginning