[...]... Conclusion Final Check-up References Web Site 97 97 98 10 0 10 3 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 9 10 9 xii CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified Calcium Imbalances: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia Learning Objectives Overview Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Conclusion Final Check-up Reference Web Sites 11 1 11 1 11 2 11 3 11 8 12 0 12 0 12 2 12 2 Magnesium Imbalances: Hypomagnesemia and Hypermagnesemia... Hypomagnesemia Conclusion Case Application Final Check-up References Web Site 12 3 12 3 12 4 12 5 12 8 13 0 13 2 13 3 13 4 13 4 Phosphorus Imbalances: Hypophosphatemia and Hyperphosphatemia Learning Objectives Overview Hypophosphatemia Hyperphosphatemia Final Check-up Web Sites 13 5 13 5 13 6 13 9 14 2 14 4 14 5 Acid–Base Imbalances Learning Objectives Overview Acidosis 14 7 14 7 14 8 14 8 xiii Contents Alkalosis Impact of Acid–Base... 15 4 15 5 15 5 CHAPTER 12 Conditions Resulting in Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Imbalances Learning Objectives Heart Failure Endocrine Conditions: Diabetes Insipidus, Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH), and Diabetes (Diabetic Ketoacidosis [DKA] and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome [HHS]) Conclusion Case Application Final Check-up 15 9 15 9 16 0 16 2 16 7 16 9 17 3 17 5 18 0 18 3 18 4 18 5 18 5 18 6 19 1 202... Check-up References Web Site PART THREE APPLICATIONS FOR FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE CONCEPTS CHAPTER 11 Multisystem Conditions Related to Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Imbalances Learning Objectives Overview Age Extremes Case Application Renal Conditions Case Application Conditions with High Impact on Fluid Balance: Burn Injury and Pregnancy Case Application Conclusion Final Check-up 15 1 15 3 15 3 15 4 15 5... move through course content and eventually prepare to take the nursing licensure exam (NCLEX), we hope that you will use Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified to promote successful completion and continued knowledge and understanding related to fluids, electrolytes, and acid–base balance and imbalances PART ONE Foundational Concepts and Assessments Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Click... electrolyte, and acid–base imbalance symptoms are interrelated and that the imbalances themselves are interlinked Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified is a detailed, easy-to-understand overview of the concepts; it focuses on the information that students need most to understand the conditions that result in fluid and electrolyte imbalances The book emphasizes the most critical information in fluids and electrolytes. .. basic processes and the imbalances resulting from alterations in those processes By understanding aspects of the processes involved in maintaining balance, one can more easily understand the imbalances that result when a process is altered or fails xx Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified We believe that you will find Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified helpful in increasing your understanding of this difficult... calcium, magnesium, and phosphate Chapter 10 focuses on acid–base imbalances and discusses the procedures needed to determine the underlying source of the imbalance and the appropriate treatments and patient care needed to address the imbalance Chapters 11 and 12 contain presentations of developmental conditions and disease conditions that involve imbalances in fluids, electrolytes, and acid– base, with... physiologic function and symptoms that result from the alteration Similarly, the reader should connect the assessments, diagnostic testing, and findings with the pathophysiology and possible symptoms associated with that pathology Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified is designed to make the concepts associated with fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base balance and imbalance clear and understandable The key to... nursing assessments related to fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base balance Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Click here for terms of use xviii Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified Chapter 4 focuses on fluid volume imbalances (i.e., hypervolemia and hypovolemia) and related symptoms and treatments Chapters 5 through 9 present the major electrolytes and concepts related to excessive or insufficient . 10 5 Conclusion 10 6 Final Check-up 10 7 References 10 9 Web Site 10 9 CHAPTER 7 Calcium Imbalances: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia 11 1 Learning Objectives 11 1 Overview 11 2 Hypocalcemia 11 3 Hypercalcemia 11 8 Conclusion. 13 5 Overview 13 6 Hypophosphatemia 13 9 Hyperphosphatemia 14 2 Final Check-up 14 4 Web Sites 14 5 CHAPTER 10 Acid–Base Imbalances 14 7 Learning Objectives 14 7 Overview 14 8 Acidosis 14 8 xii Fluids and Electrolytes. ed Alkalosis 15 1 Impact of Acid–Base Imbalances/Complications 15 3 Conclusion 15 3 Final Check-up 15 4 References 15 5 Web Site 15 5 PART THREE APPLICATIONS FOR FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE CONCEPTS CHAPTER 11 Multisystem