EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING BOARD OF BINH DINH LE QUY DON HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIFTED STUDENTS  ANALYSING THE MEANING SHADES OF PARTICLE IN NON-IDIOMATIC PHRASAL VERBS AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS (Initiative) By: Võ Thị Thanh Điệp Academic year: 2010 - 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION General Aims of the study Scope of the study Methods of study Design of the study CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL PRELIMINARIES PART ONE: THEORETICAL PRELIMINARIES I Phrasal verbs in English II Particles III Prepositional particles and adverbial particles Prepositional particles 1.1 Definition 1.2 Position Adverbial particles Definition 2.2 Position PART TWO: ANALYZING THE MEANING SHADES OF PARTICLE IN NONIDIOMATICS PHRASAL VERBS AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS About After Against At Away Back Before Down Forward 10 In 11 Into 12 Off 13 On 14 Out 15 Over 16 Out of 17 Up PART THREE: Some suggested exercises Data Analysis CHAPTER THREE: CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION General We assume that the student who learns a foreign language will find some of its features quite easy and others extremely difficult Those elements that are similar to his native language will be simple for him and those elements that are different from it will be difficult Obviously, verbs plays a very important role in a sentence in English because it is one of the main components of a sentence English has a great number of verbs, for example to put, to see … which are called single-word verbs Besides them, we can find many verbs with a combination between a verb and a particular which makes up a new meaning They are called multi-word verbs or phrasal verbs, for example, to look at, come in Phrasal verbs are an extremely important feature of English They are used widely in conversation and informal written English, including many newspaper and magazine articles to express ideas in a vivid and homely way As a matter of fact, phrasal verbs are an indispensable tool to speaking English naturally However, a foreign leaner who is not aware of the most common phrasal verbs is likely to have considerable difficulty in everyday spoken English And someone who is unable to use phrasal verbs appropriately in speech will tend to sound stiff and formal to an English listeners There are a variety of reasons why learners of English might find phrasal verbs a difficult area to grasp For one thing, they are so numerous, various i.e one phrasal verbs can have a number of meanings For another thing, the words that make up a phrasal verb are not very good clues to its meaning; and many phrasal verbs are figuratively used i.e their combination turns out to have unpredictable and unexpected meaning For example, it is easy enough to understand when the meaning of a two-word verb is equal to the meaning of the sum of its two separate words We can understand what “put aside the table “ means providing we can know the meaning of “put” and “aside” But sometimes, in many cases, the knowing of the meaning of separate words is in vain and does not help us to undestand the meaning of the whole sentence For example, put up with, as in “Both teachers and students must put up with many problems.” In this sentence, nothing seems to be “put” or “up” or “with” English learners must learn to attach the meaning “tolerate” to that unlikely combination of words In the teaching process, the teacher has a duty to make his students’ difficulty become easier With the ongoing concern, we find it necessary to execute our work in analyzing the meaning shades of particle in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and constrast them with their Vietnamese equivalents so that Vietnamese learners can easily remember and use English phrasal verbs more effectively in their daily conversations Aims of the study: The aims of this study – “Analysing the meaning shades of particle in nonidiomatic phrasal verbs with their Vietnamese Equivalents” - To make statistics and classify English phrasal verbs into non-idiomatic and non-idiomatic phrasal verbs - To find out the meaning shade of particles in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and contrast them with Vietnamese equivalents To put forward some suggetsions for teaching and learning phrasal verbs Scope of study: It is diddicult for Vietnamese learners to learn lexical items as “call up” (telephone), “run out of” (exhaust the supply of) This is because in Vietneamese, there are no lexical items made up of two separate words like phrasal verbs in English Furthetmore, they are so numerous, various and difficult that we are not ambitiousenough to take the particles of all the English verns into consideration, but rather, our scope of investigation is limited to the particles of common English verbs, including BREAK, BRING, CALL, COME, CUT, DO, DROP, FALL, GET, GIVE, GO, KEEP, LOOK, MAKE, PUT, RUN, SEE, SET, STAND, TAKE The execution of contrastive analysis on typical phrasal verbs mentioned above is based on the high frequency of occurrence This can be seen in many current textbooks and materials for students of intermediate and advanced levels With the initial effort, we hope that this study somewhat solves problems that Vietnamese learners may run into when learning English phrasal verbs Method of study: This study carries out a microlinguistic contrastive analysis on the level of syntactic, semantic and syntactico-semantic structures Besides, techniques on statistics, on a systematic analysis are relied on as well In order to facilitate the process of doing the CA, and best exploit our knowledge of the English language, we choose our CA as unidirectional one of Vietnamese (L1) and English (L2), which is based on a description biased towards the latter (L2) i.e much more attention is paid to English rather than to Vietmanese because it is the latter which must be learnt Another point is the criteria for comparison or tertium comparatiponis (TC) TC employed in this paper is translationslly equivalents setence and all the examples used in this study are taken from Oxford Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs and English-Vietnamese Dictionary Design of the study: This study is designed is three parts – introduction, investigation, and conclusion The first part is the introduction of the study The investigation which is the main part of the study consists of three chapters Chapter One supplies the general fundamental and essential theoretical concepts involving the subject under consideration Chapter Two analyses the meaning shades of particle in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and contrasts them with their Vietnamese equivalents And Chapter Three offers some suggested exercises and data analysis on the research Finally, the Conclusion offers the review of the study and puts forward some suggestions relating to teaching and learning English phrasal verbs CHAPTER ONE: THEORETICAL PRELIMINARIES I Phrasal in English In a narrow definition, according to Richard phrasal verb is a verbal construction consisting of a verb plus an ADVERB PARTICLE But in a broader definition, Seidl claims that phrasal verb is a general term for all combination of VERB + ADVERBIAL PARTICLE or/ and PREPOSITION e.g slow down count down put up with II Particles Particles is defined as a term sometimes used for a word which cannot readily be identified with any of the main PARTS OF SPEECH III Prepositional particles and adverbial particles Prepositional particles 1.1 Definition Prepositional particles is a word which shows the relationship between a noun and a pronoun and another word in the sentence e.g She looked for a pen 1.2 Position Preposition particles are usually placed before nouns, pronouns or gerunds concerned Very often, prepositional particles follow immediately after verbs Adverbial particles Definition According to Healton adverbial particles is a word which is linked to a verb, not to a noun Although most adverbial particles have the same forms as their corresponding prepositional particles, they not denote a relationship between a noun, a gerund or pronoun and another word They function as adverbs and modify the verbs with which they are associated 2.2 Position - Adverbial particles are placed immediately after the verb when the sentence contains no direct objects e.g Suddenly the whole barrel blew up - When a sentence contains a direct object (other than a pronoun), the adverbial particle may follow either: (i) immediately after the verb e.g The firemen soon put out the fire (ii) immediately after the direct object (especially when the direct object is a noun or a short noun phrase, and the verb and adverbial particle are separable) CHAPTER TWO: ANALYZING THE MEANING SHADES OF PARTICLE IN NON-IDIOMATIC PHRASAL VERBS About (1) conveys the sense of moving here and there e.g He is getting about again after his accident Sau tai nạn ông ta lại It is dangerous to go about bareheaded in the tropics Thật nguy hiểm với đầu trần vùng nhiệt đới “About” with the shade of meaning mentioned above can be formularized as follows: Table English Vintrans adv.par about get, go look, run, stand Vietnamese Main V C loanh đi, nhìn, chạy , quanh, đứng (2) denotes the sense of changing direction e.g The ship put slowly about Con tàu từ từ đổi hướng When the boat is turned from one tack to another, the operation is termed going about Khi thuyền xoay đầu từ chiều gió đến chiều gió khác, gọi đổi hướng Table English Vintrans go, put Vietnamese Main V đổi hướng adv.par about (3) suggests the general meaning of reporting by way of rumour e.g The news of her resignation soon got about Chẳng tin bà ta từ chức lan truyền He is always putting about malicious rumours Nó ln truyền bá tin đồn ác Table English V (1) intrans (2) monotrans Vietnamese adv.par Main V about lan truyền, truyền bá, đồn đại (1) get (2) put After (1) denotes the sense of pursuing or following e.g The policeman made after the burglars Cảnh sát đuổi theo tên trộm He goes after every woman he meets Nó ve vãn tất phụ nữ gặp Table English V intrans Vietnamese prep.part C after come, go, look, make, run Main V đi, trông, đuổi, rượt theo sát (2) conveys the idea of being in the same manner, character or appearance e.g Your daughter does not take after you at all Con gái anh trông chẳng giống anh tí Do it after me Làm (việc đó) theo tơi Table English V (1) intrans Vietnamese prep.part (2) monotrans (1) after (2) take Main V C làm giống trông Against (1) expresses the sense of being contrary to somebody or something e.g Why have you suddenly taken against her ? Tại dưng anh lại ghét cô ta ? Her thinking goes against all logic Cách suy nghĩ ngược lại vói logic Table English V (1) intrans Vietnamese prep.part Main V against (2) monotrans đối nghịch, đối đầu (1) go, take (2) set At (1) expresses the general meaning of aiming at a target e.g He ran at me with a knife Nó cầm dao xơng vào What exactly are you getting at ? Đúng anh nhằm ý ? Table 7 English V intrans Vietnamese prep.part Main V C at xông, đâm, hàm ý, mê, giữ, nhìn, cơng, chạy vào, nhằm vào come, cut, get, go, keep, look, make, run Away (1) implies the idea of being at a distance e.g Keep away or else I shall call the police Tránh xa không gọi cảnh sát The little girl is standing away from the barking dog Cô gái nhỏ đứng tránh xa chó sủa Table English Vintrans adv.par away keep, stand Vietnamese Main V C tránh, đứng xa Note used with verbs which express no movement (2) conveys the sense of moving to a distance or causing to leave a place e.g We are hoping to get away for a few days at Easter Chúng hi vọng nghỉ đâu xa vài ngày vào dịp lễ Phục sinh Two chicken curries and rice to take away, please Cho mua hai gà cari cơm mang Table English V (1) intrans (2) monotrans Vietnamese adv.par (1) come, get, ro, run Main V đi, chạy away (2) bring, take C xa ra, xa mang, lấy (3) expresses disappearance loss, or destruction e.g The doctor has given her some tablets to take away the pain Bác sĩ cho cô vài viên thuốc để làm giảm đau His supporters fell away as his popularity declined Những người ủng hộ ông ta bớt danh tiếng ơng ta khơng cịn Table 10 English Vintrans (1) fall adv.par Vietnamese Main V mất, giảm away (2) cut, take C bớt (4) expresses a different direction e.g The sunlight on the water was so dazzling that I had to look away Ánh nắng mặt trời chiếu xuống nước chói khiến tơi phải nhìn hướng khác Table 11 English Vintrans adv.par look away Vietnamese Main V nhìn C hướng khác Back (1) suggests the sense of moving away from the front to the rear e.g The two lovers dropped back so as to be alone Hai người yêu lùi lại đằng sau để riêng The enemy fell back as our troops advanced Quân địch rút lui quân ta tiến lên Table 12 English Vintrans Vietnamese adv.par C back come, drop, fall, let, go, keep, stand Main V lùi, rơi, rút, di, chuyển, giữ, đứng phía sau (2) expresses a movement to an original position or state e.g The colour is coming back to her cheek Sắc da hồng hào hào trở lại đôi má cô Please put the dictionary back on the shelf when you have finished it Đề nghị dùng xong để từ điển chỗ cũ giá Table 13 English V (1) intrans (2) monotrans (1) call, come, get, go, run, see (2) bring, call, Vietnamese adv.par back Main V gọi, chạy, xem C lại (về tình trạng, nơi chốn cũ) mang, gọi, lấy, trả get, give, put, take đặt (3) denotes a reverse direction e.g My watch is fast, it needs putting back five minutes Đồng hồ chạy nhanh, cần phải vặn lùi năm phút Run the record back Quay ngược băng lại Table 14 English V monotrans Vietnamese adv.par C back put, run Main V vặn, quay ngược lại (4) conveys the sense of restraining, hindering the progress of something e.g Financial problems have set back our building programme Những khó khăn tài cản trở chương trình xây dựng She was unable to keep back her tears Cô cầm nước mắt Table 15 English Vintrans Vietnamese adv.par back keep, put, set Main V ngăn cản, trì hỗn Before (1) suggests the meaning of appearing or being presented for consideration, disscussion e.g The case comes before the court next week Vụ kiện đưa trước tòa tuần tới He will bring matters before the party meeting Ông ta đưa vấn đề trước họp Đảng để thỏa luận Table 16 English V (1) intrans (2) monotrans Vietnamese prep.part Main V before nêu ra, đưa (1) come, go (2) bring, put, take Down 10 In (1) signifies the síne of moving inwards e.g Burglars had broken in while we were away on lholiday Kẻ trộm đột nhập vào nhà nghỉ xa If you are writing to your mother, don’t forget to put in something about her coming to stay Nếu anh viết thư cho mẹ anh, qn viết thêm vào vè chuyện bà âý đến chơi Table 23 English V (1) intrans Vietnamese adv.part (2) monotrans (1) break, go, put in (2) put, take Main V C đột nhập, bước, xen vào đặt , hấp thụ Into (1) conveys the idea of entering or joining e.g When fif Britain go into Europe ? Nước Anh gia nhập vào châu Âu ? The project is running into financial difficulties Đề án lâm vào khó khăn tài Table 24 English V intrans Vietnamese prep.part Main V into đột nhập, xen, tạt, rơi, đi, mắc break, cut, drop, fall, get, go, run C vào (2) implies the meaning of examining or considering something carefully e.g I not want to go into the minor details now Tôi không muốn sâu vào chi tiết nhỏ nhặt lúc Police are looking into the disappearance of a quantity of gems Cảnh sát điều tra biến số lượng lớn đá quý Table 25 English V intrans go, look Vietnamese prep.part Main V into xem xét, điều tra (3) suggests the meaning of a change of condition e.g We are making our attic into an extra bedroom 13 Chúng tơi biến gác xép thành buồng ngủ phụ Cut this paper into one-inch strips and then I shall explain how the game is played Hãy cắt mảnh giấy thành mẩu nhỏ inch tơi giải thích trị chơi tiến hành Table 26 English V intrans Vietnamese prep.part Main V C into cắt, làm thành cut, make Off (1) denotes the idea of being separated or detachment e.g The door handle gas broken off Tay nắm cửa bị long He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll Anh cắt mét vải từ súc vải Table 27 English V (1) intrans (2) monotrans Vietnamese adv.part (1) break, come, drop, fall Main V C bong, rơi off (2) bring, break, cut, get, keep, see, take mang, bẻ, cắt, lấy, tránh, thấy, nhấc (loại) rời ra, khỏi (2) expresses the general meaning of dismounting or causing to get down e.g They were getting off at the stop near the Luxembourg Gardens Họ bước xuống trạm xe buýt gần vườn Luxembourg I ask the bus driver to put me off near the town centre Tôi đề nghị người lái xe buýt cho xuống gần trung tâm thành phố Table 28 English V (1) intrans (2) monotrans Vietnamese adv.part (1) fall, get (2) put Main V C té, off xuống đưa, đặt 14 (3) conveys the sense of departing, leaving ot causing to start e.g The thieves made off in a stolen car Những tên ăn trộm chuồn ô tô đánh cắp Don’t set him off talking politics or he will go all evening Đừng có khơi mào cho nói đến trị kẻo tiếp tục suốt buổi sáng Table 29 English V (1) intrans Vietnamese (1) get, go, make, put, set, take adv.part Main V off (2) monotrans khởi hành, rời, làm (ai) bắt đầu (2) set (4) expresses the general meaning of no function (being disconnected or cancelling) e.g The heating goes off at night Ban đêm lò sưởi ngừng hoạt động They have called off theit engagenment Họ hủy bỏ lời hôn ước Table 30 English V (1) intrans Vietnamese adv.part Main V off (2) monotrans ngừng (hoạt động), tắt, hủy (1) break, go (2) call, put (5) implies the sense of removing clothes, hats,… e.g Get off your hat when you are indoors Hãy bỏ mũ bạn vào nhà Your coat is very dirty; take it off Áo khốc q bẩn, cởi Table 31 English V monotrans get, take Vietnamese adv.part Main V off cởi (6) conveys the sense of exploding or causing to explede e.g The bomb went off in a crowede street Quả bom nổ tung môt phố đông người The slightest spark could set the fireworks off Một tập tia lửa nhỏ làm cho pháo nổ tung 15 Table 32 English V (1) intrans Vietnamese adv.part Main V off (2) monotrans (làm) nổ tung (1) go (2) set On (1) suggests the continuation of an activity e.g How much longer will this hot weather go on? Thời tiết nóng nực cịn tiếp tục lâu nữa? She does run on so ! Cô ta chạy Table 33 English V intrans Vietnamese adv.part come, get, go, keep, run Op Main V on vẫn, cứ, còn, tiếp tục, đi, chạy (2) expresses the general meaning of being connected or functioning e.g Suddenly all the lights went on Bỗng nhiên tất đèn sáng lên Do you mind if I put some music on? Tơi mở nhạc có phiền cho anh không? Table 34 English V (1) intrans Vietnamese adv.part Main V on (2) monotrans bật, mở (hoạt động) (1) go (2) put (3) conveys the sense of wearing clothes e.g I shall just get my things on and we shall go for a short walk Tôi cần mặc quần áo dạo It is cold outside; put on your coat Bên trời lạnh; mặc áo khoác vào Table 35 English V monotrans get, put adv.part Vietnamese Main V on mang, mặc, đội 16 Out (1) denotes the general meaning of moving toward the outside or inviting to go out e.g You ought to get out more Anh nên chơi nhiều Put out the dustbin Mang thùng rác Table 36 English V (1) intrans (2) monotrans Vietnamese adv.part (1) come, drop, fall, get, go, run, keep out (2) bring, call, get, fall, put, take Main V C đi, rút, rơi, di chuyển, chạy, tránh mang, gọi, dẫn, đuổi, đặt, đưa (2) suggests a sudden movement or activity (or used in the spontaneous sense) e.g A fire broke out in the warehouse last night Ngọn lửa đột ngột phát từ nhà kho tối hôm qua Call out the brigade ! Gọi xe cứu hỏa ! Table 37 English V (1) intrans (2) monotrans Vietnamese adv.part (1) break, look out (2) call, get Main V C phát, nhìn (đột ngột) gọi, (3) conveys the sense of making something clear, full or candid e.g The enlargement brings out the details in the photograph Phóng đại làm rõ chi tiết ảnh What a strange person she is ! I cannot make her out Cô thật kỳ quặc ! Tôi khơng thể hiểu tí Table 38 English V (1) intrans (2) monotrans Vietnamese adv.part Main V out (làm) lộ ra, làm rõ (1) get (2) bring, get, make (4) implies the sense of exclusion or removing something e.g Enermy missiles took out two of our flighters 17 Tên lửa địch loại hai máy bay chiến đấu ta Your desk drawer needs doing out Ngăn kéo bàn anh cần phải dọn dẹp Table 39 English V monotrans adv.part cut, do, drop, take out Vietnamese Main V cắt, dọn, loại C bỏ (5) suggests the meaning of extinguishing or being disconnected e.g Firemen soon put the fire out Chẳng lính cứu hỏa dập tắt lửa Then the last flame of the fire went out Và lửa cuối đám cháy tắt ngấm Table 40 English V (1) intrans Vietnamese (1) go (2) put adv.part Main V out (2) monotrans tắt, vặn tắt, dập tắt Over (1) denotes the meaning of moving or causing to move from one side to another e.g Did he come over to speak to you ? Thế cậu có (đi) sang nói chuyện với bạn khơng ? He brought over a bottle of wine Cậu mang sang chai rượu Table 41 English V (1) intrans (2) monotrans Vietnamese adv.part (1) come, get, go, run Main V đi, vượt, chạy over (2) bring, call, put, make mang, gọi, đặt, lấy C sang (từ bên sang bên kia) (2) denotes the sense of falling from an upright vertical position or to lean from this positon e.g This toddler fell over and hit his head on the leg of a chair Đứa bé châph chững té ngã đập đầu vào chân ghế This priceless vase dropped over and broken Chiếc bình vơ giá ngã vỡ tan 18 Table 42 English V intrans Vietnamese adv.part over drop, fall, go Main V rơi, té, ngã Note that sometimes there is very little distinction between the use of over and down in this context However, over is more often used of people, boats, vehicles, and when referring to smaller standing objects e.g vases, chairs, small trees (3) conveys the idea of transfer e.g The ship has been sold The new owners take it over tomorrow Con tàu bán Chủ tiếp nhận ngày mai The man told his son “I intend to make over all my shares in the company to you” Người đàn ông bảo trai “ Cha dự định chuyển hết cổ phần cha công ty cho con.” Table 43 English Vietnamese adv.part Main V over V monotrans get, make, put, take bàn giao, tiếp nhận (4) conveys the idea of overcoming an obstacle or illness e.g How ded the cattle arrange to get over the fence ? Làm mà bầy gia súc vượt qua hàng rào ? He has never got over the shock of losing his wife Ông chẳng gắng gượng lại sau sốc bị vợ, Table 44 English V intrans get Vietnamese prep.part Main V over Vượt qua, khắc phục (5) implies the general meaning of inspecting something with a view to renting or buying it e.g I should need to see over the house before I can make you an offer Tôi cần phải xem xét kỹ lưỡng nhơi nhà trước tơi trả giá với ộng The prospective buyers went over the property pretty thoroughly but made no comment except to thank the agent for her trouble Nhũng người có khả mua xem kỹ tài sản cách cẩn thận khơng đưa ý kiến ngồi trừ cảm ơn nhân viên nhọc lịng 19 Table 45 English V intrans Vietnamese prep.part go, look, see Main V C over xem kỹ lưỡng Out of (1) signifies a movement outwards e.g Since his defeat, he gas dropped out of his politics Sau thất bại ông ta dã rút lui khỏi hoạt động trị Take your hands out of your pockets Hãy bỏ hai tay túi Table 46 V (1) intrans (2) monotrans (1) break, come, drop, go, run English Adv + prep part out of (2) run, take Vietnamese Main V thoát, đi, rút, chạy C khỏi đuổi, lấy (2) implies the sense of managing to avoid or preventing somebody from getting involved in something e.g Her sons were experts at getting out of hard work Các trai bà ta chuyên gia né tránh công việc nặng nhọc She was done out of her promotion Cô ta bị ngăn cản không đề bạt Table 47 English Adv + prep V (1) intrans (2) monotrans part (1) get, keep Vietnamese Main V ttránh out of (2) do, keep C khỏi ngăn cản Up (1) implies the sense of moving or causing to move upwards e.g The class got up when the teacher came in Cả lớp đứng lên thầy giáo bước váo lớp Run up a flag on the mast Kéo cờ lên cột cờ 20 Table 48 English V (1) intrans Vietnamese adv.part (2) monotrans (1) get, go, look Main V C đứng, đi, nhìn up (2) bring, put, run, set, take lên mang, treo, kéo, dựng, nhấc (2) expresses the continuous aspect of the verb; maintaining something at the same, usually at a higher level (e.g spirit, srength) e.g A hot drink will soon set you up Một thức uống nóng mau làm anh khỏe The enermy kept up their bombardment day and night Quân dịch trì oanh tạc chúng ngày lẫn đêm Table 49 English Vietnamese adv.part Main V up V monotrans get, make, put, take bàn giao, tiếp nhận (3) conveys the idea of establishing or creating something e.g The government have set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse Chính phủ lập nhóm làm việc để nghiên cứu vấn đề nghiện ma túy Animal bodies are made up of cells Cơ thể động vật cấu tạo nên tế bào Table 50 English V monotrans make, set Vietnamese adv.part Main V up thành lập, tạo nên 21 CHAPTER THREE: SOME SUGGESTED EXCERCISES TO BRING Three minutes could …………… …………… this transformation We are trying to …………….…………… one or two promising young swimmers You can …………… a friend …………… to the party if you like Do …………… your wife …………….one evening! At first, Dad wasn’t too keen to let us have the flat for our party, but we manage to …………… him …………… eventually If you borrow my electric drill, don’t forget to …………… it …………… The river smell …………… …………… a night some years before He’ll …………… matters …………… the party meeting We managed to …………… …………….one or two of the herd, even though they were moving fast 10 Our second meeting …………… …………….very few new ideas TO COME It’s not a good idea to ……… ……… a man ……… his wife The film doesn’t ……… ……… Does this knock ……… ……… ? No, it’s fixed on permanently I ……… ……… an old friend in Oxford street this morning The camera just ……… ……… the just time I used it We’d love to ……… ……… to your place tonight, but I’m afraid we’re a bit tied up with work at the moment Two men ……… ……… him from the side of the steps I moved my car out of the way so that a heavy lorry could ……… ……… Jobs are harder to ……… ……… more than when I left university 10 Mary and two of her children ……… ……… ……… typhus TO TAKE The magician’s trick ………… ………… everyone in the audience You need to keep fit Why don’t you ………… ………… jogging Our new boss was so pleasant that everyone ………… ………… her at once If you ask David for help, he always want to ………… …………completely We had to check in at a.m., but the plane didn’t ………… ………… till I find that my work has ………… ………… so much of my time that I don’t have any free time There was simply too much information, I couldn’t ………… it all ………… If you take ………… ………… ………… 21, the answer is 15 His grandfather and father were lazy too I think he ………… ………… both of them 10 I wish I could ………… ………… what I said to her TO RUN The lease on their London flat ……………… ……………… in a few months Two children were ……………… ……………… at that road junction last month Don’t fill the kettle too full It’ll ……………… ……………… The money inherited from his father was quickly ……………… ……………… I shouldn’t wash those shirts in the same water, or else the colours will ……………… ……………… 22 A big fellow ……………… ……………… me with a knife Holidays abroad ……………… ……………… ……………… a lot of electricity He lost control of his car and ……………… it ……………… a lamp-post Her mother had left her husband and ……………… ……………… ……………… a Captain Chistie 10 I think I’ve grasped the main proposals, but would you mind ……………… ……………… them once again? TO MAKE The entertainers ………… their stories ………… as they go along It takes the actor more than an hour to ………… ………… for the part of “Othello” “You are ………… ………… ………… me” she said in a low voice “The American family is ………… ………… …………hopelessly lonesome people” says he The doctor writes out a prescription and you get it ………… ………… at the chemist’s My face is a bit thinner, but the rest of me is rapidly ………… ………… ………… that The letter was probably from one of the patient with whom she had ………… ………… in the hospital The trees were felled to ………… ………… ………… a road improvement scheme He ………… ………… the Western Highway by a short cut through suburban roads I did not know 10 I can never ………… ………… ………… a word he says TO GET The weather’s really ………… me ………… It’s time you ………… ………… some work The rumour soon ………… ………… the whole village I can’t ………… ………… the book I’m reading She can’t ………… ………… these shoes They are too small I hope the enquiry will ………… ………… the truth He ………… ………… his mother’s salary in just one week She is ………… ………… so well I can’t ………… ………… a thing like that happening to him 10 We’d better ………… ………… the lake before the storm breaks, or we’ll get soaked TO SET The bank helps people wanting to ………… ………… business He ………… ………… to climb Everest We try to ………… ………… some money for our holiday every week They have recently ………… ………… a committee on teenage smoking If we hadn’t ………… ………… so late, we would have arrived on time I must ………… ………… my packing What time are you planning to ………… ………… tomorrow? I try to ………… ………… a few minutes each day to some exercises Panic on the stock market ………… ………… a wave of selling 10 I must get those bulbs planted before the cold weather ………… ………… 23 DATA ANALYSIS The survey was conducted to make a comparison of the test results of students before and after gaspsing the meaning shades of particle in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and their Vietnamese equivalents The object of the survey was students specilizing in English of Grade 12 at Le Quy Don High School with the total of 24 During the process of learning, students are taught to understand the meanings of particle in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and contrast them with their native language By doing so, they find it easy to remember the meaning of phrasal verbs and their exercises without difficulties Before learning meaning shades After learning meaning shades students percentage students percentage 14 58.33% 20 83.33% In reality, phrasal verbs are a grammatical point that occurs with high frequency in National Examinations for Excellent Students and often occupies a great proportion of marks With all the experience and effort, the researcher have tried to provide students with some knowledge of the meaning shades of particle in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and find themselves a way to remember their meanings so that they can improve their dealing with this grammatical points in their exam papers 24 CONCLUSION In fact, verbs in English instruct students in an aspectof English that is especially difficult for learners of English as a second language However, phrasal verbs add a great deal to the force, colour and the flexibility of the English language Therefore, learners should have a greater understanding of English phrasal verbs and their user It is for this reason that our effort are made Phrasal verbs are one of the peculiar features of English so it is conventionally thought that Vietnamese learners can garsp them only by learning by heart However, semantically, they can be classified into two groups: idiomatic phrasal verbs anh nonidiomatic phrasal verbs Vietnamese learners, to some extent, are able to guess the meanings of non-idiomatic English phrasal verbs via a constrastive nanalysis with the Vietnamese language provided that the shade of meaning of each particle has to be mastered To sum up, realizing English phrasal verbs into types : idiomatic and non-idiomatic phrasal verbs, is of great importance in the process of teaching and learning phrasal verbs From it, learners can find out their own effective learning strategy of phrasal verbs And obviosly, learners who have a grearter understanding of twenty common English phrasal verbs in this paper should be more easily to understand new phrasal verbs when they meet them 25 BIBLIOGRAPHY A P Cowie & R Mackin - Oxford Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs 1993 Cobuild Collín, 1990 English Grammar, Harper Collín Publisher Viện Ngôn ngữ Khoa học Xã hội & Nhân văn, English-Vietnamese Dictionary, Nhà Xuất Bản Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Heaton, J.B 1965 Prepositions and Adverbial Particles, Longman 26 Quy Nhơn, ngày 10 tháng 06 năm 2011 NHẬN XÉT ĐÁNH GIÁ CỦA HỘI ĐỒNG KHOA HỌC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LÊ QUÝ ĐÔN Đề tài HĐKH nghiệm thu Xếp loại A 27 ... look, run, stand Vietnamese Main V C loanh đi, nhìn, chạy , quanh, đứng (2) denotes the sense of changing direction e.g The ship put slowly about Con tàu từ từ đổi hướng When the boat is turned... dao xơng vào tơi What exactly are you getting at ? Đúng anh nhằm ý ? Table 7 English V intrans Vietnamese prep.part Main V C at xông, đâm, hàm ý, mê, giữ, nhìn, cơng, chạy vào, nhằm vào come,... xen vào đặt , hấp thụ Into (1) conveys the idea of entering or joining e.g When fif Britain go into Europe ? Nước Anh gia nhập vào châu Âu ? The project is running into financial difficulties Đề