Một số dạng câu bị động đặc biệt I/ Zero conditional sentences: If + S + Vsimple present/past, S + V simple present/ past. 1. Sự thực,qui luật hiển nhiên. Eg:- If you cook water, it boils at 100 degree centigrates. - If you interupted him, he got angry. Notes: Thì QK dùng trong câu ĐK loai này mang ý nghĩa QK. 2. Câu mệnh lện, yêu cầu Eg: Please call me if you hear from Ann. 3. Thói quen: Eg: Ann always walks to school if she has enough time. II/ Mix type: 1. If+ ĐK 2, ĐK3 If + S + had + P2, S + would + Vnt/would be +V-ing. Eg : - If I had worked hard at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office, I wouldn t be sweeping the street. - The plan I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed. If I had caught that plan, I would be dead now. 2. If + ĐK3, ĐK2. If + S + Vqkđ, S + would have +P2 Eg: If I were intelligent as you, I would have passed the entrance exam last year. III/ Mệnh đề ĐK bắt đầu bằng: * But for + noun( nếu ko nhờ có, nếu ko phải vì ) V-ing the fact that+ clause. * If it hadnt been for + noun/ V-ing * Without + noun. Eg :- If you hadn t lent me the book, I couldn t have finished this work. ___ Without the book you had lent me, I couldn t have finished the work ___ If it hadnt been for the book you lent me, ___ But for the book you lent me, IV/ mệnh đề điêuù kiện có thể bắt đàu bằng các từ t ơng đ ơng với if Nh : - Suppose/ Suposing ( giả sử) - Provided( that)/ On condition ( that)/ As long as/ so long as( miễn là, với ĐK là) = If - In case( trong trờng hợp) - Even if ( ngay cả khi, dù cho) Eg: - Suposing you won the lottery ticket, what would you do? - You will have the money provided that you promise to pay it back in time. V/ Ortherwise/ or/ Or else ( nếu ko) Eg: - Give me money or I ll kill you.(= If you don t give me money, I ll kill you) - You should come back before 10p.m. Otherwise, you will be lock outside. (= If you don t come back before 10p.m, you ) * Notes: Otherwise có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu, nó thờng bắt đầu hoặc kết thúc câu 2) VI/ As if và As though 1. Chỉ hành động có thể xẩy ra ở hiện tại. Eg: Do you hear that music next door? It sounds as if they are having a party. S + Vht + As if/ As though + S + Vht 2. Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện không có thật ỏ hiện tại. Eg: - She talks to me as if she were my mother. - She spends money as if she were a billionaire. S + Vht + as if/ as though + S + Vqk 3. Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện không có thật ở quá khứ. Eg: - She looked as if she had seen a ghost. - She did it as if she had done it many times before. S + V qk + as if/ as though + V qkht VIII/ Wish/ If only ( giá mà) 1. Diễn đặt niềm hi vọng, Eg: If only he comes in time S + wish + S + Vht If only + S + Vht 2. Diễn tả ao ứoc ở tơng lai. Eg:- I wish I would be a teacher in the future. - If only I could take a trip with you next Sunday. S + wish + S + would/ could + Vnt If only + S +would/ could + Vnt 3. Diễn tả ao ớc ỏ hiện tại, sự hối tiếc hay không haì lòng với hiện tại Eg:- If only he didn t drink . - I wish I were rich. S + wish + S + Vqk If only + S + V qk 4. Ao ớc ở quá khứ: Eg : - I wish I hadn t failed my exam last year. - If only I had met her yesterday. - She wishes she could have been there. S + wish + S + V qkht/ could have PII. If only + S + V qkht/ could have PII. . be sweeping the street. - The plan I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed. If I had caught that plan, I would be dead now. 2. If + ĐK3, ĐK2. If + S + Vqkđ, S + would have +P2 Eg: If