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A leading cognitive scientist argues that a deep sense of good and evil is bred in the bone. From John Locke to Sigmund Freud, philosophers and psychologists have long believed that we begin life as blank moral slates. Many of us take for granted that babies are born selfish and that it is the role of society—and especially parents—to transform them from little sociopaths into civilized beings. In Just Babies, Paul Bloom argues that humans are in fact hardwired with a sense of morality. Drawing on groundbreaking research at Yale, Bloom demonstrates that, even before they can speak or walk, babies judge the goodness and badness of others’ actions; feel empathy and compassion; act to soothe those in distress; and have a rudimentary sense of justice. Still, this innate morality is limited, sometimes tragically. We are naturally hostile to strangers, prone to parochialism and bigotry. Bringing together insights from psychology, behavioral economics, evolutionary biology, and philosophy, Bloom explores how we have come to surpass these limitations. Along the way, he examines the morality of chimpanzees, violent psychopaths, religious extremists, and Ivy League professors, and explores our often puzzling moral feelings about sex, politics, religion, and race.
[...]... momentum Then, toward the end of his time at college, Jony met the Mac From the first, Jony was astounded at how much easier to use the Mac was than anything else he had tried The care the machine’s designers took to shape the whole user experience struck him; he felt an immediate connection to the machine and, more important, to the soul of the enterprise It was the first time he felt the humanity of a... headset attached by a coiled wire, but Jony s resembled a stylized white question mark He called it, somewhat pretentiously, The Orator The all-in-white phone was made from a oneinch-diameter plastic tube The base contained the mouthpiece; the user was to hold the phone by the stalk or leg of the question mark; the curve of the question rose to the earpiece speaker.27 The design may not have been very practical,... Phillips recalled “In the corner he’d cut out the tiny detail that showed the embossing It was an absolute beauty The most incredible model I’d ever seen It was stunning.”18 The wallets were one of Jony s first products in white, a sign of the designer’s lifelong commitment to the color Phillips laughed that Jony, a teenager, was working on the boss’s “pet projects” while he and the other salaried designers... get-your-hands-dirty-making-things kind of place “At Goldsmiths, the focus is on the idea, the concept,” said a Northumbria professor, who asked not to be named “Northumbria focuses on the object, the artifact I think, being rather crude here, the focus of the Northumbria graduate is on the detail, and the manufacture and the craftsmanship of producing the object; and a Goldsmith’s student would be much more... few other students, into a national competition That year, the Young Engineer of the Year Award, sponsored by the British Design Council, was to be judged by the internationally famous architect and interior designer Terence Conran For the first round, the entrants submitted graphics, drawings and photographs The most interesting designs were then chosen for the next stage of the competition Jony s... tried to lure the promising new graduate In the years to come, Brunner would prove an important connection for Jony A few months after Jony s visit, Brunner was recruited by Apple There he set up the company’s first internal design studio, setting the stage for the work that catapulted Apple to the top of the design world With this, Brunner tried a second time to recruit Jony On his return to the United... smaller products all the way to manufacture, at the same time as trying to win business from the Asia and the U.S., and grow.” To attract and keep clients, the Tangerine designers worked to make the studio look busier than it was They remembered a trick that RWG had used: When executives from a car company came to visit, the firm’s designers drove their own cars into the studio and put sheets over them,... staff.”3 The ID department at Newcastle, founded in 1953, gained recognition in the sixties, in part because of its close ties to British industry According to another alumnus, Craig Mounsey, who completed the course a year before Jony, “Newcastle had the reputation for being the best They won everything All of the design teachers at school would parade the work from Newcastle as being the standard.”4... explained The client has the final say—they are paying!” On the other hand, Weaver clearly understood his designer’s frustration “Sadly, clients’ marketing teams often have what I would call dubious taste and force changes upon the design In consequence you end up with some projects of which you are proud and others which are a compromise.” As part of the design pool, Jony collaborated with the other designers... mechanism to the top of the pen that served no purpose other than to give the owner something to fiddle with The “fiddle-factor” notion may have seemed trivial to some, but the incorporation of the ball and clip transformed the pen into something special.20 “That was a new idea back then, to put something on a pen that was purely there to fiddle with,” Grinyer said “He was really thinking differently The pen’s . Forest. Chingford votes Conservative, as the constituency of Iain Duncan Smith, former leader of the Conservative Party, who holds a seat famously occupied by Sir Winston Churchill. Jony Ive s childhood circumstances. I understand that such behavior is characteristic of Jony Ive. He focuses on his team, his collaborators and, most of all, on Apple. For Jony, it’s all about the work— but when talking about. father, Michael John Ive, was a silversmith, his mother, Pamela Mary Ive, a psychotherapist. They had a second child, daughter Alison, two years after their son’s birth. Jony attended Chingford