[...]...P R E The first edition of the Textbook of Medical Physiology was written by Arthur C Guyton almost 50 years ago Unlike many major medical textbooks, which often have 20 or more authors, the first eight editions of the Textbook of Medical Physiology were written entirely by Dr Guyton with each new edition arriving on schedule for nearly 40 years Over the years, Dr Guyton’s textbook became widely used... Basic Principles of Gastrointestinal Absorption Anatomical Basis of Absorption Absorption in the Small Intestine Absorption of Water Absorption of Ions Absorption of Nutrients Absorption in the Large Intestine: Formation of Feces C H A P T E R 6 6 Physiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Disorders of Swallowing and of the Esophagus Disorders of the Stomach Peptic Ulcer Specific Causes of Peptic Ulcer... the text Even so, because of the likelihood of error in sorting through many thousands of bits of information, I wish to issue still a further request to all readers to send along notations of error or inaccuracy Physiologists understand the importance of feedback for proper function of the human body; so, too, is feedback important for progressive improvement of a textbook of physiology To the many persons... Refraction of Light Application of Refractive Principles to Lenses Focal Length of a Lens Formation of an Image by a Convex Lens Measurement of the Refractive Power of a Lens—“Diopter” Optics of the Eye The Eye as a Camera Mechanism of “Accommodation” 613 613 613 613 615 616 616 617 617 617 Pupillary Diameter Errors of Refraction Visual Acuity Determination of Distance of an Object from the Eye—“Depth... Tricolor Mechanism of Color Detection Color Blindness Neural Function of the Retina Neural Circuitry of the Retina Ganglion Cells and Optic Nerve Fibers Excitation of the Ganglion Cells C H A P T E R 5 1 The Eye: III Central Neurophysiology of Vision Visual Pathways Function of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus Organization and Function of the Visual Cortex Layered Structure of the Primary... Functions Function of the Basal Ganglia in Executing Patterns of Motor Activity—The Putamen Circuit Role of the Basal Ganglia for Cognitive Control of Sequences of Motor Patterns— The Caudate Circuit Function of the Basal Ganglia to Change the Timing and to Scale the Intensity of Movements Functions of Specific Neurotransmitter Substances in the Basal Ganglial System Integration of the Many Parts of the Total... Endocrine Control Functions of the Hypothalamus Behavioral Functions of the Hypothalamus and Associated Limbic Structures “Reward” and “Punishment” Function of the Limbic System Importance of Reward or Punishment in Behavior Specific Functions of Other Parts of the Limbic System Functions of the Hippocampus Functions of the Amygdala Function of the Limbic Cortex C H A P T E R 5 9 States of Brain Activity—Sleep,... Mechanism of Muscle Contraction Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Contraction Molecular Characteristics of the Contractile Filaments Effect of Amount of Actin and Myosin Filament Overlap on Tension Developed by the Contracting Muscle Relation of Velocity of Contraction to Load Energetics of Muscle Contraction Work Output During Muscle Contraction Sources of Energy for Muscle Contraction Characteristics of Whole... Fluid System of the Eye—Intraocular Fluid Formation of Aqueous Humor by the Ciliary Body Outflow of Aqueous Humor from the Eye Intraocular Pressure C H A P T E R 5 0 The Eye: II Receptor and Neural Function of the Retina Anatomy and Function of the Structural Elements of the Retina Photochemistry of Vision Rhodopsin-Retinal Visual Cycle, and Excitation of the Rods Automatic Regulation of Retinal Sensitivity—... career in physiology, for his friendship, for the great privilege of contributing to the Textbook of Medical Physiology, and for the inspiration that he provided to all who knew him John E Hall Jackson, Mississippi TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S U N I T The DNA Code in the Cell Nucleus Is Transferred to an RNA Code in the Cell Cytoplasm—The Process of Transcription Synthesis of RNA Assembly of the RNA . TEXTBOOK of Medical Physiology TEXTBOOK of Medical Physiology ELEVENTH EDITION Arthur C. Guyton, M.D. † Professor Emeritus Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Mississippi Medical. teachers of physiology, and written in language understood by other teachers but not easily understood by the basic student of medical physiology. ” 6 Through his Textbook of Medical Physiology, . understanding of the particular physiological systems that they were studying. No one has been more pro- lific in training leaders of physiology than Arthur Guyton. Dr. Guyton’s Textbook of Medical Physiology,