PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOENGINEERING – FROM ANALYSIS AND MODELING TO TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS Edited by Angelo Carpi Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering – From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications Edited by Angelo Carpi Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ana Pantar Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Denis Vrublevski, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published July, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering – From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications, Edited by Angelo Carpi p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-268-5 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface XI Part 1 Molecular and Cellular Engineering: Modeling and Analysis 1 Chapter 1 Fractional Kinetics Compartmental Models 3 Davide Verotta Chapter 2 Advances in Minimal Cell Models: a New Approach to Synthetic Biology and Origin of Life 23 Pasquale Stano Chapter 3 Wavelet Analysis for the Extraction of Morphological Features for Orthopaedic Bearing Surfaces 45 X. Jiang, W. Zeng and Paul J. Scott Chapter 4 Ten Years of External Quality Control for Cellular Therapy Products in France 83 Béatrice Panterne, Marie-Jeanne Richard, Christine Sabatini, Sophie Ardiot, Gérard Huyghe, Claude Lemarié, Fabienne Pouthier and Laurence Mouillot Part 2 Molecular and Cellular Engineering: Biomedical Applications 115 Chapter 5 Hydrogels: Methods of Preparation, Characterisation and Applications 117 Syed K. H. Gulrez, Saphwan Al-Assaf and Glyn O Phillips Chapter 6 Chemical Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and its Potential Antibacterial Application 151 P.Prema Chapter 7 Polymer-Mediated Broad Spectrum Antiviral Prophylaxis: Utility in High Risk Environments 167 Dana L. Kyluik, Troy C. Sutton, Yevgeniya Le and Mark D. Scott VI Contents Chapter 8 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Technological Developments and in Vivo Techniques to Evaluate Their Interaction with the Skin 191 Mariella Bleve, Franca Pavanetto and Paola Perugini Chapter 9 Bioprocess Design: Fermentation Strategies for Improving the Production of Alginate and Poly-β-Hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by Azotobacter vinelandii 217 Carlos Peña, Tania Castillo, Cinthia Núñez and Daniel Segura Chapter 10 Research and Development of Biotechnologies Using Zebrafish and Its Application on Drug Discovery 243 Yutaka Tamaru, Hisayoshi Ishikawa, Eriko Avşar-Ban, Hajime Nakatani, Hideo Miyake and Shin’ichi Akiyama Chapter 11 Liver Regeneration: the Role of Bioengineering 257 Pedro M. Baptista, Dipen Vyas and Shay Soker Chapter 12 Platelet Rich Plasma in Reconstructive Periodontal Therapy 269 Selcuk Yılmaz, Gokser Cakar and Sebnem Dirikan Ipci Chapter 13 Ocular Surface Reconstitution 291 Pho Nguyen, Shabnam Khashabi and Samuel C Yiu Chapter 14 A Liquid Ventilator Prototype for Total Liquid Ventilation Preclinical Studies 323 Philippe Micheau, Raymond Robert, Benoit Beaudry, Alexandre Beaulieu, Mathieu Nadeau, Olivier Avoine, Marie-Eve Rochon, Jean-Paul Praud and Hervé Walti Part 3 Molecular and Cellular Engineering: Industrial Application 345 Chapter 15 Isolation and Purification of Bioactive Proteins from Bovine Colostrum 347 Mianbin Wu, Xuewan Wang, Zhengyu Zhang and Rutao Wang Chapter 16 Separation of Biosynthetic Products by Pertraction 367 Anca-Irina Galaction and Dan Caşcaval Chapter 17 Screening of Factors Influencing Exopolymer Production by Bacillus licheniformis Strain T221a Using 2-Level Factorial Design 395 Nurrazean Haireen Mohd Tumpang, Madihah Md. Salleh and Suraini Abd-Aziz Contents VII Chapter 18 Biocatalysts in Control of Phytopatogenic Fungi and Methods for Antifungal Effect Detection 405 Cecilia Balvantín–García, Karla M. Gregorio-Jáuregui, Erika Nava-Reyna, Alejandra I. Perez-Molina, José L. Martínez-Hernández, Jesús Rodríguez-Martínez and Anna Ilyina Chapter 19 Cofactor Engineering Enhances the Physiological Function of an Industrial Strain 427 Liming Liu and Jian Chen Chapter 20 The Bioengineering and Industrial Applications of Bacterial Alkaline Proteases: the Case of SAPB and KERAB 445 Bassem Jaouadi, Badis Abdelmalek, Nedia Zaraî Jaouadi and Samir Bejar Chapter 21 Bioengineering Recombinant Diacylglycerol Acyltransferases 467 Heping Cao Chapter 22 Microalgal Biotechnology and Bioenergy in Dunaliella 483 Mansour Shariati and Mohammad Reza Hadi Chapter 23 New Trends for Understanding Stability of Biological Materials from Engineering Prospective 507 Ayman H. Amer Eissa and Abdul Rahman O. Alghannam Chapter 24 Morphology Control of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Using Organic-Templating Approach 533 Shunsuke Tanaka and Norikazu Nishiyama Part 4 Environmental Engineering: Modeling and Applications 551 Chapter 25 Streambank Soil Bioengineering Approach to Erosion Control 553 Francisco Sandro Rodrigues Holanda and Igor Pinheiro da Rocha Chapter 26 Improving Biosurfactant Recovery from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fermentation 577 Salwa Mohd Salleh, Nur Asshifa Md Noh and Ahmad Ramli Mohd Yahya Chapter 27 New Insight into Biodegradation of Poly (L-Lactide), Enzyme Production and Characterization 587 Sukhumaporn Sukkhum and Vichien Kitpreechavanich Chapter 28 Engineering Bacteria for Bioremediation 605 Elen Aquino Perpetuo, Cleide Barbieri Souza and Claudio Augusto Oller Nascimento VIII Contents Chapter 29 Construction and Characterization of Novel Chimeric β -Glucosidases with Cellvibrio gilvus (CG) and Thermotoga maritima (TM) by Overlapping PCR 633 Kim Jong Deog and Hayashi Kiyoshi [...]... the narrowing distance between the likelihood of the models demonstrates how the choice of the input can influence model selection, and how a single unit-impulse input might result in the most informative model Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering – From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications 18 selection test input to discriminate between ordinary and fractional (linear) compartmental... Matignon and Montseny , Nonnenmacher and Metzler (Nonnenmacher and Metzler), and Podlubny (Podlubny) A brief history of the development of fractional calculus can be found in Miller and Ross (Miller and Ross) 4 Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering – From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications In this chapter we discuss and show results related to a number of issues related to. .. (min −1 ) , for j=2,…,8, respectively; the rate 12 Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering – From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications constants from the peripheral compartment to central are k j1 = 0.559, 0.172, 0.117, 0.0975, 4.84, 0.411, and 0.0499 (min −1 ) , for j=2,…,8, respectively; the exit rate from the elimination compartment (liver) is k02 = 0.0258 (min −1 ) , and. .. constitute certain fractional derivatives (and/ or integrals) of the unknown solution at the initial point t=0 (Kilbas and Trujillo), which are functions of t These initial conditions are not physical; furthermore, it is not clear how such quantities are to be measured from experiment, say, so that they can be Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering – From Analysis and Modeling to Technology. .. Compartmental Models and Multi-Term Mittag-Leffler Response Functions." J Phamacokinet Pharmacodyn 37(2): 209-215 [45] Verotta, D (2011) "Fractional Dynamics Linear and Nonlinear Compartmental Models." In Preparation 22 Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering – From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications [46] Verotta, D., L B Sheiner, et al (1989) "A semiparametric approach to physiological... 5.1 Reducible systems A possibility to solve the problem associated with equations (37) is to consider compartmental structures that include subsystems that do not transfer material to other parts of the system For example if the matrix A in equation (37) can be put in the form: Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering – From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications 14 A A = ... same fractional order, α , obtained, for 0 < α ≤ 1 , exactly as for a standard (ODE) compartmental system Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering – From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications 10 To construct the solution of the system (24) (see e.g (Bonilla, Rivero et al ; Odibat)), we apply the Laplace transform to both sides of the system, to obtain  sα x1 ( s ) − sα −1 x1... 20 1–2 10 20 Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering – From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications [5] Bonilla, B., M Rivero, et al (2007) "On systems of linear fractional differential equations with constant coefficients." Applied Mathematics and Computation 187: 6 8–7 8 [6] Caputo, M (1967) "Linear models of dissipation whose Q is almost frequency independent–II." Geophys J Roy... an example of a successful and rapid expansion of bioengineering within the scientific world In fact, it consists of two parts: one dedicated to molecular and cellular engineering and the other to environmental bioengineering The content classification mainly reflects the increasing number of studies on genetically modified microrganisms (GMO) directed towards non-biomedical industry An important application... bioprocess engineering with optimized cultures, seven principally aim at obtaining new important products for the use in ecosystem, one attempts to improve drug delivery and one optimizes the production of the principal biocatalysts which account for about 40% of total worldwide enzyme sales Two other groups of chapters include:   design and modeling in molecular, tissue and enviromental bioengineering, production . PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOENGINEERING – FROM ANALYSIS AND MODELING TO TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS Edited by Angelo Carpi Progress in Molecular and. Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering – From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications, Edited by Angelo. Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering – From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications 4 In this chapter we discuss and show results related to a number of issues related to the definition