GENERAL INFORMATION EUR 23609 Interested in European research? Research* eu is our monthly magazine keeping you in touch with main developments (results, programmes, events, etc.). It is available in English, French, German and Spanish. A free sample copy or free subscription can be obtained from: European Commission Directorate-General for Research Communication Unit B-1049 Brussels Fax (32-2) 29-58220 E-mail: research-eu@ec.europa.eu Internet: http://ec.europa.eu/research/research-eu This publication can be downloaded from webpage: http://ec.europa.eu/research/environment/pdf/cop-15.pdf EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Research Directorate I — Environment Unit I.5— Climate Change and Environmental Risks Unit E-mail: rtd-climate-change@ec.europa.eu Tel. (32-2) 29-86323 Fax (32-2) 29-95755 Photo on cover page © 1995 PhotoAlto Reprint June 2010 Thomas Lange Myhrvold-Hanssen E-mail: elisabeth.lipiatou@ec.europa.eu Edited by Philippe Tulkens, Eleni Ferner and Directorate-General for Research Environment EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2009 EUR 23609 European Research Framework Programme Research on Climate Change Prepared for the Third World Climate Conference (WCC- 3 ) and the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP-1 5 ) 1 LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009 ISBN 978-92-79-10280-6 doi 10.2777/28294 © European Communities, 2009 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium Printed on white chlorine-free PaPer EUROPE DIRECT is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. 1FOREWORD FOREWORD Adapting to and mitigating climate change are now recognised as major challenges for the world community. Enough evidence have been gathered to justify policy action on climate change, but knowledge needs to progress further on the understanding of the climate system, on the evaluation of the impacts and on the identification and assessment of options for mitigation and adaptation. This endeavour currently requires and will continue to necessitate sustained significant support to research activities on climate change at the EU level. The present publication has been prepared for the Third World Climate Conference (Geneva, September 2009) and the 15 th Conference of the Parties to the United Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP-15, Copenhagen, December 2009). It provides an overview of recently completed and ongoing climate research projects undertaken under the 6 th and 7 th Research Framework Programmes of the European Community. EC-funded research projects selected for this publication contribute to the understanding of the climate system ranging from climate processes and their modelling, to the assessment of climate change impacts and the costs of response measures. Projects supporting European research infrastructure and grants provided by the European Research Council (ERC) contributing to climate change research are also accounted for. The diversity of activities reported confirms that climate change is an encompassing matter touching on nearly every dimension of our society. 134 projects representing an overall budget of 543 million € from the European Community contribution are referred to in this publication. These research activities on climate are complemented by other activities funded by the Framework Programme, notably in the areas of energy and transport, which contribute to the identification and development of mitigation options through progress on energy efficiency, renewable energy and more environmentally friendly transport systems. As shown by the number of research institutions involved, the European Union research activities exhibit a strong international dimension structuring the European Research Area (ERA) and going well beyond European borders. This catalogue aims to help researchers and other stakeholders know better the coverage of EC-funded research projects. This information may enhance wider use of the results from those projects and potentially generate new innovative initiatives. We believe that these projects will help answer key scientific and policy questions related to climate change, which is a prerequisite for sound action and securing people's support. José Manuel Silva Rodríguez Director-General Directorate-General for Research 3 3TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 DESCRIPTION OF FUNDING INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 I. CLIMATE PROCESSES, OBSERVATIONS AND PROJECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DYNAMITE — Understanding the Dynamics of the Coupled Climate System . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ENSEMBLES — Ensemble based Predictions of Climate Changes and their Impacts. . . . . . . 17 COMBINE — Comprehensive Modelling of the Earth system for better climate prediction and projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 IS-ENES — InfraStructure for the European Network for Earth System Modelling . . . . . . . . 25 AMMA — African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 AMMA TTC — African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis — Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 THOR — Thermohaline Overturning Circulation — at Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 ATP — Arctic Tipping Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 IPY-CARE — Climate of the Arctic and its Role for Europe (CARE) — A European component of the International Polar Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 WATCH — Water and Global Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 PHYTOCHANGE — New Approaches to Assess the Responses of Phytoplankton to Global Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 ENHANCE — Enhancing the European Participation in Living with Climate Variability and Change: Understanding the Uncertainties and Managing the Risks . . . . . . . . 47 EMIS — An Intense Summer Monsoon in a Cool World, Climate and East Asian Monsoon during Interglacials 500,000 years ago and before. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 EPICA-MIS — New Paleoreconstructions from Antarctic Ice and Marine Records. . . . . . . . . 52 PACEMAKER — Past Continental Climate Change: Temperatures from Marine and Lacustrine Archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 MATRICS — Modern Approaches to Temperature Reconstructions in Polar Ice Cores . . . . . . 56 ICEPROXY — Novel Lipid Biomarkers from Polar Ice: Climatic and Ecological Applications . . 58 MILLENNIUM — European Climate of the Last Millennium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 SEARCH for DAMOCLES — Study of Environmental Arctic Change — Developing Arctic Modelling and Observing Capability for Long-term Environment Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 DAMOCLES — Developing Arctic Modelling and Observing Capabilities for Long-term Environmental Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 DAMOCLES-TTC — Developing Arctic Modelling and Observing Capabilities for Long-term Environmental Studies — Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 ALOMAR EARI — Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research enhanced Access to Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 ARCFAC V — The European Centre for Arctic Environmental Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 ERICON-AB — The European Polar Research Icebreaker Consortium Aurora Borealis . . . . . . 79 EURO ARGO — Global Ocean Observing Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 II. GLOBAL CARBON AND NITROGEN CYCLES — GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 CARBOEUROPE — Assessment of the European Terrestrial Carbon Balance. . . . . . . . . . . . 84 CARBO-Extreme — The terrestrial Carbon cycle under Climate Variability and Extremes. A Pan-European synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 CARBO-NORTH — Quantifying the Carbon Budget in Northern Russia: Past, Present and Future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 CARBOAFRICA — Quantication, understanding and prediction of carbon cycle, and other GHG gases, in Sub-Saharian Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 QUASOM — Quantifying and Modelling Pathways of Soil Organic Matter as aected by abiotic Factors, Microbial dynamics and transport processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 CARBO-OCEAN — Marine Carbon Sources and Sinks Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 GRACE — Genetic Record of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 ICOS — Integrated Carbon Observation System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 IMECC — Infrastructure for Measurement of the European Carbon Cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 INSEA — Integrated Sink Enhancement Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 NEU-CO 2 -III — Continuation of the “International Network Non-energy use and CO 2 emissions (NEU-CO 2 )”, Phase III. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 PAN-AMAZONIA — Project for the Advancement of Networked Science in Amazonia . . . . 114 NITROEUROPE — The Nitrogen Cycle and its Inuence on the European Greenhouse Gas Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 SOGE-A — System for Observation of Halogenated Greenhouse Gases in Europe and Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 III. CLIMATE INTERACTIONS WITH STRATOSPHERIC OZONE. . . . . . . . . . . 122 THE MAIN AIM QOS2004 — Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 SCOUT-O3 — Stratosphere-Climate Links with Emphasis on the UTLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 4 5TABLE OF CONTENTS SHIVA — Stratospheric ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere. . . . . . . . . . . . 128 RECONCILE — Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions. . 130 ATTICA — European assessment of the Transport Impacts on Climate Change and Ozone Depletion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 HCFCWORKSHOPS — International Workshop on HCFC Alternatives and Intermediate Reduction Steps for Developing Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 IV. CLIMATE INTERACTIONS WITH ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 ACCENT — Atmospheric Composition Change: A European Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 EUCAARI — European Integrated Project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 ATMNUCLE — Atmospheric Nucleation: from Molecular to Global Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 C8 — Consistent Computation of the Chemistry-Cloud Continuum and Climate Change in Cyprus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 EUROHYDROS — A European Network for Atmospheric Hydrogen Observation and Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 HYMN — Hydrogen, Methane and Nitrous oxide: Trend variability, Budgets and Interactions with the Biosphere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 MAP — Secondary Marine Aerosol Production from Natural Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 OOMPH — Organics over the Ocean Modifying Particles in both Hemispheres . . . . . . . . . 157 CITYZEN — megaCITY — Zoom for the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 MEGAPOLI — Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate eects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation . . . 161 AIR4EU — Air Quality Assessment for Europe from Local to Continental . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 NATAIR — Improving and Applying Methods for the Calculation of Natural and Biogenic Emissions and Assessment of Impacts on Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 GEOMON — Global Earth Observation and Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 COPAL — Community heavy-payload long endurance instrumented aircraft for tropospheric research in environmental and geo-sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 EARLINET ASOS — European Aerosol Research Lidar Network: Advanced Sustainable Observation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 EUFAR — European Facility for Airborne Research Lidar Network: Adavanced Sustainable Observation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 EUROCHAMP — Integration of European Simulation Chambers for Investigating Atmospheric Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 EUSAAR — European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 IAGOS — Integration of Routine Aircraft Measurements into a Global Observing System . . 187 IAGOS-ERI — In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System — European Research Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 LAPBIAT — Lapland Atmosphere-Biosphere Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 STAR — Support for Tropical Atmospheric Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 V. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Ice2sea — Estimating the future contribution of continental ice to sea-level rise. . . . . . . . 195 EPOCA — European Project on Ocean Acidication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 ACQWA — Assessment of Climatic change and impacts on the Quantity and quality of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 EURO-LIMPACS — Integrated Project to Evaluate the Impacts of Global Change on European Freshwater Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 GENESIS — Groundwater and Dependent Ecosystems: New Scientic Basis on Climate Change and Land-Use Impacts for the Update of the EU Groundwater Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 HERMIONE — Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man’s Impact on European seas . . . . . . . 207 INCREASE — An integrated network on climate change research activities on shrubland ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ESCAPE — European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Eects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 MACROCLIMATE — Quantitative Dynamic Macroeconomic Analysis of Global Climate Change and Inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 QUANTIFY — Quantifying the Climate Impact of Global and European Transport Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 QUANTIFY-TTC — Quantifying the Climate Impact of Global and EuropeanTransport System — Extension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 CECILIA — Central and Eastern European Climate Change Impact and Vulnerability Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 CLAVIER — Climate Change and Variability: Impact on Central and Eastern Europe . . . . . . 223 CIRCE — Climate Change and Impact Research: the Mediterranean Environment . . . . . . . 226 CIRCLE — Climate Impact Research Co-ordination for a Larger Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 CLARIS — A Europe-South America Network for Climate Change Assessment and Impact Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 CLARIS — LPB — A Europe-South America network for climate change assessment and impact studies in La Plata Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 [...]... 287 M VII.  CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, MITIGATION AND POLICIES 289 ADAM —  daptation and Mitigation Strategies: Supporting European Climate Policy 290 A CCTAME — Climate Change — Terrestrial Adaption and Mitigation in Europe 294  ClimateCost —Full Costs of Climate Change 296 LONG-TERM RISKS — Evaluation and Management of Collective Long-Term Risks... extend European pre-eminence in the provision of policy-relevant information on climate and climate change and its interactions with society Objectives The overall goal of ENSEMBLES is to maintain and extend European pre-eminence in the provision of policy relevant information on climate and climate change and its interactions with society ENSEMBLES will achieve this by: CLIMATE PROCESSES, OBSERVATIONS... The production of probabilistic predictions from seasonal to decadal and longer timescales through the use of ensembles The integration of additional processes in climate models to produce true Earth System models Higher resolution climate models to provide more regionally detailed climate predictions and better information on extreme events Reduction of uncertainty in climate predictions through increased... prediction of climate change and its impacts This will confirm and maintain Europe’s position as the world leader in climate change prediction The integrated system to be developed for this project will deal with issues related to: —— natural variability of climate in the context of a changing chemical environment, 18 CLIMATE PROCESSES, OBSERVATIONS AND PROJECTIONS —— non-linearity in the response both... environments The European Network for Earth System Modelling (ENES) proposes IS-ENES This network gathers the European climate and Earth system modelling community working on understanding and prediction of future climate change This community is strongly involved in the assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and provides the predictions on which EU mitigation and adaptation policies... networking and coordination of research and innovation activities They will cover the definition, organisation and management of joint or common initiatives as well organisation of conferences, meetings, the performance of studies, exchanges of personnel, the exchange and dissemination of good practices, setting up common information systems and expert groups Specific Support Actions (SSA) Single or multipartner... /Cooperation and Support Action (CSA) Contract starting date: 01/03/2009 Duration: 48 months Total project cost: 10.666.284 € EC Contribution: 7.591.851 € Coordinating organisation:  Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de Sciences de l’Univers (INSU) Paris — France Co-ordinator: Sylvie Joussaume (sylvie.joussaume@lsce.ipsl.fr) EC Office:  European Research Area: Research programmes... societal needs Specific Targeted Research Projects (STREP) Multipartner research, demonstration or innovation projects whose purpose is to support research, technological development and demonstration or innovation activities of a more limited scope and ambition, particularly for smaller research actors and participants from candidate countries Co-ordination actions (CA) Actions aiming to promote and support... € EC Contribution: 12.951.960 € Coordinating organisation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Paris — France Co-ordinator: Jan Polcher (jan.polcher@lmd.jussieu.fr) EC Office:  Environment Directorate Abstract The dramatic change in the region of the West African monsoon (WAM) from wet conditions in the 50s and 60s to much drier conditions from the 70s to the 90s represents one of... processing, export and impact of emissions from West Africa The strong meridional gradients of the vegetation types and soil moisture of West Africa lead to strong gradients in certain emissions, and small changes in synoptic, seasonal or interannual climate may have large effects on the emissions from West Africa Thus the interactions of the land surface and monsoon dynamics with the chemistry will be . Directorate-General for Research Environment EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2009 EUR 23609 European Research Framework Programme Research on Climate Change Prepared for the Third World Climate Conference (WCC- 3 ) and. number of research institutions involved, the European Union research activities exhibit a strong international dimension structuring the European Research Area (ERA) and going well beyond European. million € from the European Community contribution are referred to in this publication. These research activities on climate are complemented by other activities funded by the Framework Programme,