ACUPUNCTURE – CONCEPTS AND PHYSIOLOGY pot

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ACUPUNCTURE – CONCEPTS AND PHYSIOLOGY pot

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ACUPUNCTURE CONCEPTS AND PHYSIOLOGY Edited by Marcelo Saad Acupuncture Concepts and Physiology Edited by Marcelo Saad Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Dragana Manestar Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Yanik Chauvin, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published September, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Acupuncture Concepts and Physiology, Edited by Marcelo Saad p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-410-8 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Part 1 Acupuncture Basic Concepts 1 Chapter 1 Traditional Theory 3 Mohammad Ali Sahmeddini Part 2 Research About Physiologic Effects 25 Chapter 2 Vascular Effects of Auricular Acupuncture Evaluated via Two Digital Volume Pulse Measurements 27 José F. Rivas-Vilchis, Jorge Alberto Cervantes-Reyes and Rubén Román-Ramos Chapter 3 The Effect of Acupuncture on Muscle Blood Volume and Oxygenation 35 Masaki Ohkubo, Takafumi Hamaoka, Yasuhisa Kaneko, Toshihito Katsumura and Ayumi Sakamoto Chapter 4 An fMRI Investigation on Brain Activity in Response to Unilateral Acupuncture, Electroacupuncture and Electromyostimulation on ST36 and ST39 49 Li-Ping Huang, Shi Zhou, Xi-Lian Hu, Xia Li, Heng Xiang, Na Xiao, Long-Jun Cao, Yong-Jun Wang and Hui Wang Chapter 5 Electroacupuncture and Stimulatory Frequencies in Analgesia 69 Sandra Silvério-Lopes Part 3 New Proposed Concepts 91 Chapter 6 Is Acupuncture Meridians a Novel System for Superoxide Disposition 93 Jingke Guo and Pingfan Rao VI Contents Chapter 7 Blood Flow Volume as an Indicator of the Effectiveness of Traditional Medicine 113 Takashi Seki, Masashi Watanabe and Shin Takayama Chapter 8 Degeneration/Regeneration as a Mechanism Contributing to the Effect of Manual Acupuncture-Induced Injury on Rat Skeletal Muscle 137 Kamal Ameis, Annapurni Jayam Trouth, Vernon Bond and Yasmine Kanaan Chapter 9 A Neurovascular Blood-Flow Modulation Model via Acupuncture Induced Nitric Oxide 151 Sheng-Hsiung Hsiao Chapter 10 Acupuncture An Electrical Phenomenon 165 Karlheinz Helmbold Part 4 Current Scenario 173 Chapter 11 Acupuncture Analgesia Research and Clinical Practice in Taiwan 175 Jaung-Geng Lin and Yi-Hung Chen Chapter 12 A Spatial Analysis of Acupuncture Practitioners in Ontario, Canada: Assessing Regional and Intra-Metropolitan Trends 201 Stephen P. Meyer Chapter 13 Development of Scientific Publications on Acupuncture 219 Jenny-Ann Brodin Danell and Rickard Danell Preface Acupuncture is growing in popularity world-wide. Since it started to be scientifically studied in the 1970’s, acupuncture is conquering position as an efficient and safe therapeutic method. The amount of cumulated scientific evidence is already enough to guarantee a highly detached status for acupuncture among other complementary therapies. In many countries, acupuncture is well integrated into the conventional health system. This scenario would seem to be very favorable and the value of acupuncture would thus seem well consolidated. However, there are several factors that could shake this structure.The mechanisms of action of acupuncture are not entirely clear. Although we have many pieces of this puzzle, it is still not complete neither entirely mounted. Another debilitating element is the absence of a convincing model of sham acupuncture for a control group in clinical trials. All this facts, allied to inappropriate prejudice and unfamiliarity, reinforce the false notion that acupuncture works mainly due to placebo effect. There is still the issue of the absence of a universal consensus about the degree in which acupuncture can be independent to the traditional chinese medicine. However, acupuncture can also be self-sustained. Currently, it is practiced in more than 160 countries and regions. The UNESCO (United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization) inscribed acupuncture on its List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2010. There cannot be larger acclamation than this one. Acupuncture and related techniques are useful tools for treating a spectrum of diseases. But there are still many areas of controversy. We hope this book can contribute to guide the advance of this ancient medical art. In the present work, the reader will find texts written by authors from different parts of the world. The chapters cover strategic areas to collaborate with the consolidation of the knowledge in acupuncture. The book doesn’t intend to solve all the questions regarding this issue. The main objective is to share elements to make acupuncture more and better offered at health systems worldwide. X Preface This book contains information about Basic Concepts of Acupuncture; Research about Physiologic Effects; New Proposed Concepts; and Current Scenario. I hope the reading of this work will be useful and pleasant. With Best Regards Marcelo Saad, MD, PhD, Physiatrist and Acupuncturist at Rehabilitation Center, Hospital Albert Einstein, Brazil [...]... as hoarse voice and aphonia 6 Acupuncture Concepts and Physiology 2.3.1.3 Spleen The spleen is situated in the Middle Energizer Its main physiological functions of spleen involves: the transportation and transformation of water and food on one hand, and of dampness on the other, controlling all the blood of the body and keeping it circulating normally within the vessels, transports and transforms... distributed over the entire body, the meridians and collaterals link together the Zang-Fu and other organs, the orifices of the body, the skin, muscles and bones They form a specific network which communicates with the internal organs and limbs and connects the upper to the lower and the exterior to the interior of the body 10 Acupuncture Concepts and Physiology The meridian system consists of the... penetrates the diaphragm [6] and then proceeds downwards [7] to unite the Upper, Middle, and Lower Jioa An external branch ascends toward the shoulder and runs internally up the neck [8] It 16 Acupuncture Concepts and Physiology reaches the posterior border of the ear [9] and then interiorly circles the face [10] A short branch originates behind the ear, penetrates the ear, and emerges in front of the... from the essence of food and drink produced by the spleen and stomach, these two organs are regarded as the source of Qi and blood Blood circulates throughout the body, passing through the five Zang and six Fu organs in the interior, and the skin, muscles, tendons and bones on the exterior In this way blood nourishes and moistens the various organs and tissues of the body Qi and Blood are the foundation... insomnia and dream-disturbed sleep 2.4.4 Body fluid Body fluid is formed from food and drink after its digestion and absorption by the spleen and stomach The transportation, distribution and excretion of body fluid principally rely on the spleen's function of transportation, the lung's function of dispersing and descending and regulating water passages, and the kidney's function of controlling urination and. .. it can be seen that Yin and Yang are at the same time opposite in nature and yet interdependent They both oppose and complement each other, and exist within all natural phenomena Traditional Chinese medicine applies the Yin-Yang principles of interconnection and continuous transformation to the human body to explain its physiology and pathology and to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment 2.2 The theory... of speech and respiration are related to the quality of pectoral Qi; and the other is to promote the heart's function of dominating the blood and vessels, so the circulation of Qi and blood, and the coldness and warmth and the motor ability of the four limbs and body trunk are all closely associated with the pectoral Qi 2.4.2.3 Nutrient Qi (Ying Qi) Derived from the essential Qi of the food and drink... perspiration, and a surging and rapid pulse pathogenic fire often consumes the body fluids and Qi Pathogenic fire predisposes the individuals to carbuncles, furuncles, boils and ulcers when it attacks the blood In addition, ulcers and painful local red swellings are also clinically diagnosed as Yang and fire syndromes 4.2 Phlegm and fluid retention, and blood stagnation Phlegm, retained fluids, and stagnant... Ghafaripuor S Electro -acupuncture for pain relief after nasal septoplasty: a randomized controlled study J Altern Complement Med 2010 Jan; 16(1):53-7 24 Acupuncture Concepts and Physiology Ai-Ping Lu, Hong-Wei Jia, Cheng Xiao, Qing-Ping Lu Theory of traditional Chinese medicine and therapeutic method of diseases World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10(13):1854-1856 www.medboo.com www .acupuncture. com ... essence of food and drink to nourish the muscles and the four limbs The mouth is the aperture of the spleen, for this reason, the lips reflect the condition of the spleen's function of transporting and transforming water and food When the spleen is healthy, there will be ample Qi and blood and the lips will be red and lustrous 2.3.1.4 Liver The liver is situated in the right hypochondriac region and main . ACUPUNCTURE – CONCEPTS AND PHYSIOLOGY Edited by Marcelo Saad Acupuncture – Concepts and Physiology Edited by Marcelo Saad . orders@intechweb.org Acupuncture – Concepts and Physiology, Edited by Marcelo Saad p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-410-8 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com . Yang, afternoon is Yin within Yang, the first half of the night Yin within Yin, and the Acupuncture – Concepts and Physiology 4 second half of the night Yang with Yin. This differentiation

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  • preface_Acupuncture - Concepts and Physiology

  • Part 1

  • 01_Traditional Theory

  • Part 2

  • 02_Vascular Effects of Auricular Acupuncture Evaluated via Two Digital Volume Pulse Measurements

  • 03_The Effect of Acupuncture on Muscle Blood Volume and Oxygenation

  • 04_An fMRI Investigation on Brain Activity in Response to Unilateral Acupuncture, Electroacupuncture and Electromyostimulation on ST36 and ST39

  • 05_Electroacupuncture and Stimulatory Frequencies for Analgesia

  • Part 3

  • 06_Is Acupuncture Meridians a Novel System for Superoxide Disposition

  • 07_Blood Flow Volume as an Indicator of the Effectiveness of Traditional Medicine

  • 08_Degeneration/Regeneration as a Mechanism Contributing to the Effect of Manual Acupuncture-Induced Injury on Rat Skeletal Muscle

  • 09_A Neurovascular Blood-Flow Modulation Model via Acupuncture Induced Nitric Oxide

  • 10_Acupuncture – An Electrical Phenomenon

  • Part 4

  • 11_Acupuncture Analgesia Research and Clinical Practice in Taiwan

  • 12_A Spatial Analysis of Acupuncture Practitioners in Ontario, Canada: Assessing Regional and Intra-Metropolitan Trends

  • 13_Development of Scientific Publications on Acupuncture

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