[...]... object-oriented and efficient way The earliest versions, which were originally referred to as “C with classes,” date back to 1980 As the name C++ implies, C++ was derived from the C programming language: ++ is the increment operator in C As early as 1989 an ANSI Committee (American National Standards Institute) was founded to standardize the C++ programming language The aim was to have as many compiler vendors and... less-than symbols, . class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ Ulla Kirch-Prinz Peter Prinz JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS Ulla Kirch-Prinz Peter Prinz A Complete Guide to Programming in. casting in class hierar- chies is also described, paying particular attention to upcasting and downcasting. Chapter 25 gives a complete explanation of how to develop and manage polymorphic classes members and enumerated types. Chapter 16 takes an in- depth look at how to define and use arrays. Of particular inter- est are one-dimensional and multidimensional arrays, C strings, and class arrays. Chapter