TEAMFLY Team-Fly ® Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Mobile Communications Series, turn to the back of this book. Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks Toni Janevski Artech House Boston • London www.artechhouse.com Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Janevski, Toni. Traffic analysis and design of wireless IP networks / Toni Janevski. p. cm. — (Artech House mobile communications series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58053-331-0 (alk. paper) 1. Wireless communication systems. 2. Telecommunication—Traffic. 3. Mobile communication systems. I. Title II. Series. TK5103.2.J38 2003 621.382’15—dc21 2003041890 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Janevski, Toni Traffic analysis and design of wireless IP networks. — (Artech House mobile communications series) 1. Mobile communication systems—Design and construction 2. Wireless Internet 3. Telecommunication—Traffic I. Title 621.3’8456 ISBN 1-58053-331-0 Cover design by Igor Valdman © 2003 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-331-0 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2003041890 10987654321 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com To my wonderful sons, Dario and Antonio, and to the woman of my life, Jasmina Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com . Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Contents Preface xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Evolution Process 1 1.2 Why Wireless IP Networks? 2 1.3 Traffic Issues 4 1.4 Design Issues 5 2 Third Generation Wireless Mobile Communications and Beyond 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Evolution of Wireless Communication 11 2.3 Second Generation Mobile Networks 12 2.3.1 GSM—State of the Art 15 2.4 Evolution from 2G to 3G 16 2.4.1 HSCSD 17 2.4.2 GPRS—Tracing the Way to Mobile Internet 17 2.4.3 EDGE 19 2.5 Third Generation Mobile Networks 20 2.5.1 Standardization 20 vii Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com 2.5.2 UMTS 22 2.5.3 WCDMA 28 2.5.4 TD-CDMA 31 2.5.5 cdma2000 32 2.6 Third Generation Mobile Applications and Services 35 2.6.1 New Killer Applications 38 2.6.2 Real-Time Services 41 2.6.3 Nonreal-Time Services 43 2.7 Future Wireless Communication Networks Beyond 3G 44 2.7.1 All-IP Mobile Network 47 2.8 Discussion 49 References 49 3 Wireless Mobile Internet 53 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 IP 54 3.2.1 IPv4 54 3.2.2 IP Version 6 56 3.3 Transport Control of IP Packets 57 3.3.1 TCP Mechanisms 58 3.3.2 TCP Implementations 61 3.3.3 Stream Control Transmission Protocol 62 3.4 QoS Provisioning in the Internet 63 3.4.1 MPLS 64 3.4.2 Integrated Services 66 3.4.3 Differentiated Services 69 3.5 Introduction of Mobility to the Internet 73 3.5.1 Mobile IP Protocol 74 3.5.2 Micromobility 76 3.6 QoS Specifics of Wireless Networks 83 3.6.1 Cellular Topology 83 3.6.2 Mobility 83 3.6.3 BER in the Wireless Link 85 viii Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com 3.7 Discussion 86 References 87 4 Teletraffic Theory 91 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 Some Important Random Processes 92 4.3 Discrete Markov Chains 96 4.4 The Birth-Death Process 100 4.4.1 Stationary System 104 4.4.2 Birth-Death Queuing Systems in Equilibrium 106 4.5 Teletraffic Theory for Loss Systems with Full Accessibility 106 4.6 Teletraffic Theory for Loss Systems with Multiple Traffic Types 111 4.6.1 Loss Systems with Integrated Traffic 112 4.6.2 Phase-Type Distributions 114 4.6.3 Multidimensional Erlang Formula 117 4.6.4 Priority Queuing 120 4.6.5 Error Control Impact on Traffic 123 4.7 Teletraffic Modeling of Wireless Networks 126 4.8 Principles of Dimensioning 129 4.9 Discussion 132 References 133 5 Characterization and Classification of IP Traffic 135 5.1 Introduction 135 5.2 Characterization of IP Traffic 136 5.2.1 Aggregate Internet Traffic 136 5.2.2 Internet Traffic Components 137 5.3 QoS Classification of IP Traffic 139 5.4 Statistical Characteristics 143 5.4.1 Nature of IP Traffic 144 5.4.2 Self-Similar Processes 149 Contents ix Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com [...]... end-to-end IP networks with wireless access can accomplish such a task, and that is the answer to the question of why wireless IP networks should be considered 4 Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf Definition of a Wireless IP Network A wireless IP network is an all -IP network with wireless access All data, signaling, and. .. for wireless IP networks is proposed and discussed in Chapter 8 The proposed algorithm considers both call-level and packet-level Because of the burstiness of some traffic types (e.g., video traffic) and the random mobility of users, as well as a lack of analytical analysis in a closed form, we perform simulation analysis Simulation analyses of wireless IP networks under different mobility and traffic. ..x Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf Statistical Analysis of Nonreal-Time Traffic 152 5.4.4 5.4.5 Statistical Analysis of Real-Time Services Genesis of IP -Traffic Self-Similarity 155 158 5.5 Discussion 164 References 164 Architecture for Mobile IP Networks with Multiple Traffic Classes 167 6.1... telecommunications networks and provides the basis of the teletraffic theory (i.e., traffic theory for telecommunications) Characterization and classification of IP traffic is the main issue in Chapter 5 Based on the statistical analysis of traffic traces from real measurements, IP traffic is classified into two main classes, A and B, and several subclasses Chapter 6 proposes architectures for wireless IP networks. .. 7.4.2 Efficiency of the Mobile Network Optimization of Mobile Networks 211 215 7.5 Traffic Loss Analysis in Multiclass Mobile Networks 217 7.5.1 Application of Multidimensional Erlang-B Formula in Mobile Networks 217 7.5.2 Multirate Traffic Analysis 220 7.6 Traffic Analysis of CDMA Networks 226 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3 Capacity Analysis of CDMA Network Calculation of the Soft Capacity Numerical Analysis 227 233... Networks 274 9.3.1 Handover in Cellular Packet Networks 274 9.3.2 9.3.3 Handover Mechanisms Analysis of Packet Losses at Handover 275 277 9.4 Network Model 279 9.5 9.5.1 9.5.2 9.5.3 9.5.4 Simulation Analysis in Wireless IP Networks Handover Loss Analysis for CBR Flows Handover Loss Analysis for VBR Flows Handover Loss Analysis for Best-Effort Flows Performance Analysis of Different Traffic Types Under... operators and users On the other hand, it raises new traffic and design issues This book provides traffic analysis, dimensioning, quality of service (QoS), and design aspects for wireless IP networks with multiple traffic classes In Chapter 2 we provide a description of existing mobile systems, installed or standardized, from second generation (2G) towards the 2G+ and 3G mobile systems Internet protocols... 7.4 xii Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf 8.7.7 Hybrid Admission Control Algorithm for Multiclass CDMA Networks 266 8.8 Discussion References 267 268 9 Performance Analysis of Cellular IP Networks 271 9.1 Introduction 271 9.2 Service Differentiation in Cellular Packet Networks 272 9.3 Handover in Cellular Networks. .. Therefore, one of the main goals of the design of wireless networks is a fast and transparent handover mechanism It is closely related to the routing in the wireless access network and to the location control, both functions that should be adapted to the IP environment The second important characteristic of wireless networks is bit error ratio in the wireless channels (a definition of the wireless channel... Micromobility and location management in wireless IP networks are addressed in Chapter 10 We propose a handover scheme that locates handover management at the base stations by using handover agents Chapter 11 discusses scheduling and service differentiation in wireless IP networks Existing solutions for wireless LANs and 3G networks are considered Also, we give a design proposal for scheduling in multiclass wireless . other hand, it raises new traffic and design issues. This book provides traffic analysis, dimensioning, quality of service (QoS), and design aspects for wireless IP networks with multiple traffic. 196 7 Analytical Analysis of Multimedia Mobile Networks 199 7.1 Introduction 199 7.2 Analysis of Mobile Networks with Single Traffic Class 200 7.2.1 Analytical Modeling 200 x Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless. Characterization of IP Traffic 136 5.2.1 Aggregate Internet Traffic 136 5.2.2 Internet Traffic Components 137 5.3 QoS Classification of IP Traffic 139 5.4 Statistical Characteristics 143 5.4.1 Nature of IP Traffic