[...]...Plate 2.1 Plate 2.2 Plate 4.1 Plate 4.2 Plate 4.3 Plate 4.4 Plate 4.5 Plate 4.6 Plate 4.7 Plate 4.8 Plate 4.9 Plate 4.10 Plate 4.11 Plate 4.12 Plate 4.13 Plate 4.14 Plate 4.15 Plate 4.16 Plate 4.17 Plate 4.18 Plate 4.19 Plate 4.20 Plate 4.21 Plate 4.22 Plate 4.23 Plate 4.24 x The new mouth of the Tarawera River The former course of the Rangitaiki River is at the left of the entrance and the former... rivers, lay to the right of the entrance and flowed west to Matata The current road bridge is on the Kaharoa shoreline, and a short distance upstream is the junction of the Tarawera and the Awaiti Stream Canal 109 runs inland from the Awaiti past the remains of Lake Kohika Plate 2.2 Looking seawards, a canal and stopbank now separate Lake Kohika from the archaeological lake village, which formerly lay on... Te Awa o te Atua estuary, which carried the combined waters of the two rivers, lay to the right of the entrance and flowed west to Matata The current road bridge is on the Kaharoa shoreline, and a short distance upstream is the junction of the Tarawera and the Awaiti Stream Canal 109 runs inland from the Awaiti past the remains of Lake Kohika Looking seawards, a canal and stopbank now separate Lake Kohika. .. dunes The Awaiti Stream was another main distributary of the Rangitaiki; it flowed west towards Matata and joined the Awaiti Paku, a distributary stream of the Tarawera, on the way The combined waters of the Awaiti, Awaiti Paku, Rangitaiki and Tarawera were called Te Awa o te Atua, which entered the sea at what is now the western end of Matata (Gibbons 1990) This common river mouth and estuary was influenced... geologically active and the inhabitants of Kohika lived in a landscape of frequent earthquake, volcanic eruption and flood Whakatane Graben The Rangitaiki Plains are a lowland some 340 square kilometres in area They stretch 22 kilometres along the Bay of Plenty coast between Matata and Whakatane and extend inland for a similar distance The plains are part of the Whakatane Graben, which is located where the Taupo... Plate 9.5c Bone awl (bird) Plate 9. 6a Bone awl (seal) Plate 9.6b Bone chisel (dog) Plate 9.7 Pounamu adze Plate 9. 8a Pounamu chisel Plate 9.8b Pounamu adze flake xi Plate 9. 9a Plate 9.9b Plate 12.1 Plate 12.2 Plate 12.3 Plate 12.4 Plate 12.5 Plate 12.6 Plate 13.1 Plate 13.2 Plate 13.3 Plate 13.4 Plate 13.5 Plate 13.6 xii Sandstone file Pumice pigment bowl A sawn section of human cranium Knife-cut marks... fits and starts and was rapid after each volcanic eruption Kohika in the geomorphological context of the Rangitaiki Plains 13 Volcanic ashes The main tephra are the Whakatane Ash of c.5500 years BP, the Taupo Pumice of c.1850 years BP (Froggatt and Lowe 1990, Nairn and Beanland 1989), the Kaharoa Tephra of cal 600 BP (Lowe et al 1998), and the Tarawera Tephra of AD 1886 The three younger of these ashes... by the natural swamp stratigraphy, which includes three distinctive tephra beds separated by silts, peat and diatomaceous earth, and in the upper deposits by palaeosols • A band of cultural material occurs in the peat between the Kaharoa Tephra of cal AD 1350 and the Tarawera Tephra of AD 1886 A greater depth of peat lay below the archaeological site than above it, indicating that occupation was in the. .. pa near Matata, was held at Whakatane museum References Anon., 2000 Te Kohika: a glimpse of life in a wetland pa near Matata during the 1600s AD Pamphlet prepared for the exhibition at Whakatane and District Museum and Gallery, Te Whare Taonga o te Rohe o Whakatane, 1 June–16 July, 2000 Bellwood, P.S., 1978 Archaeological research at Lake Mangakaware, Waikato, 1968–1970 New Zealand Archaeological Association... funding was provided by the Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, the University of Auckland Research Committee, the Lotteries Board of the Department of Internal Affairs, and the New Zealand Historic Places Trust All of the scholars who contributed to the analysis of archaeological material are named in the list of contents of the book Technical staff at the university made a magnificent . Waitepuru, Awatarariki, Awaitipaku, Awaiti, Omehue, Awakaponga, Te Waikamihi and Mangaone are the streams Te Otaramuturangi, Tiepataua, Te Awakaponga, Te Ahikokoai, Awatarerehika and Te Umuhika are the. Tuara are the guardians Matataketake and Tiki are the talismans Te Awa o Te Atua is the estuary Otamaroroa is the locality Tamarau is the spirit guide Te Kaokaoroa is the coastline Waimea, Waitepuru,. Umuhika nga urupa. Ngati Awa pepeha Whakapaukorero is the mountain Tarawera is the river Ngati Awa is the tribe Mataatua is the canoe Te Kohika is the pa Tupai, Tutarakauika, Te Rangihiiria, and