[...]... from Macbiavelli to Marx (1981), Hegel and the Human Spirit: A Translation of the Jena Lectures on the Philosophy of Spirit (1805–6) with Commentary (1983), and Introduction to the Philosophy of History, with Selections from The Philosophy of Right (1988) Robert Nola teaches philosophy at the University of Auckland Most of his published work is in the philosophy of science He has also published several... Early in the nineteenth century, Fichte and Hegel would defend their concepts of reason against a growing school of romantic philosophers, incorporating many of their ideas and images in their philosophy Their colleague Friedrich Schelling would actually join and lead the romantics in their critique of the Enlightenment, and by the end of the first decade or so of the new century the concepts of both... in human action The third, intended to be a synthesis of the first two and bring the entire critical undertaking to a close,” included wide-ranging discussions of aesthetic taste, and the concept of teleology in the biological sciences Together, the three Critiques established philosophy as a new profession, and it is often said that Kant was its first true professor The difficulty of the Critiques... irrationality of the Will, by the Danish philosopher Kierkegaard who rejected the very idea of a rational explanation of human life or a rational defense of Christianity Indeed, if there is a single concern that ties together all of the figures and the chapters of this volume, it is the nature and place of reason in human affairs In the chapters to follow, we have allowed each author their own voice As the themes,... scholarship shows the degree to which this tide is inappropriate,1 yet the Leibniz-Wolffian philosophy was the dominant intellectual system and movement in Germany from about 1720 to about 1754, the death of Wolff, and it provided the main opposition to Kant’s philosophy until near the end of the century The rise and fall of the Leibniz-Wolffian philosophy in its controversies with its opponents is the subject... and certainty hitherto available only in mathematics Wolff is quite explicit about the relation of mathematics to philosophy The rules of mathematical method,” he says,5 are the same as the rules of philosophical method… The identity of philosophical and mathematical method will be a surprise only to one who does not know the common source from which the rules of both mathematics and philosophy are... perhaps even comparable to the generation that gave birth to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle The enormity of the revolution set off in philosophy by Immanuel Kant was comparable, by Kant’s own estimation, to the Coperaican revolution that ended the Middle Ages The movement he set in motion, the fast-moving and often cantankerous dialectic of German Idealism, ” inspired some of the most creative philosophers... Enlightenments in Germany Besides the intellectual Enlightenment pursued by the Leibniz-Wolffian philosophers, there was also a Pietistic Enlightenment Surprisingly they both originated in the same place, the University of Halle, a Pietistic institution founded by the Elector of Brandenburg primarily for the training of the bureaucracy required by this largest and most important German state The father of the Pietistic... Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas at Austin Patrick Gardiner is an Emeritus Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, and a Fellow of the British Academy His publications include The Nature of Historical Explanation (1952), Schopenhauer (1963), and Kierkegaard (1988) He has edited Theories of History (1959), Nineteenth-Century Philosophy (1969), and The Philosophy of History (1974)... chancellor of the University of Halle and granted him a patent of nobility and a large stipend At the time of his death in 1754 he was certainly the best-known thinker in Germany, fully deserving the honorific title of Praeceptor Germaniae The mathematical ideal in philosophy4 Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz all shared a common ideal for 8 FROM LEIBNIZ TO KANT philosophy, that it should attain the . acknowledged authority in the field. The chapters are written in an accessible style and a glossary of technical terms is provided in each volume. Routledge History of Philosophy Volume VI The. Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The Age of German idealism/ ed. Robert C. Solomon and Kathleen M.Higgins p. cm.— (Routledge history of philosophy; v. 6) Includes bibliographical references and. questions which continue to preoccupy us as much as the impact which it may have had on the evolution of philosophical thought. The history of philosophy thus requires a delicate balancing act from