Mastering™ Red Hat® Enterprise Linux® 3 Michael Jang SYBEX ® San Francisco London Mastering ™ Red Hat ® Enterprise Linux ® 3 Michael Jang 4347book.fm Page i Wednesday, August 25, 2004 10:47 PM Associate Publisher: Joel Fugazzotto Acquisitions Editor: Elizabeth Peterson Developmental Editors: Brianne Hope Agatep, Maureen Adams Production Editor: Erica Yee Technical Editor: Elizabeth Zinkann Copyeditor: Kim Wimpsett Compositor: Maureen Forys, Happenstance Type-O-Rama Proofreaders: Laurie O’Connell, Nancy Riddiough Indexer: Ted Laux Book Designer: Maureen Forys, Happenstance Type-o-Rama Cover Designer: Design Site Cover Illustration: Jack T. Myers, Design Site Copyright © 2004 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic, or other record, without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Card Number: 2004108201 ISBN: 0-7821-4347-4 SYBEX and the SYBEX logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of SYBEX Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Mastering is a trademark of SYBEX Inc. Screen reproductions produced with The Gimp, a graphics program included with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3. In Chapter 20, all screen reproductions of CUPS are provided courtesy of Easy Software Products. Copyright © 1997–2002, CUPS, the CUPS logo, and the Common UNIX Printing System are the trademark property of Easy Software Products. TRADEMARKS: SYBEX has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms by following the cap- italization style used by the manufacturer. The author and publisher have made their best efforts to prepare this book, and the content is based upon final release software whenever possible. Portions of the manuscript may be based upon pre-release versions supplied by software manufacturer(s). The author and the publisher make no representation or warranties of any kind with regard to the completeness or accuracy of the contents herein and accept no liability of any kind including but not limited to performance, merchantability, fitness for any particular purpose, or any losses or damages of any kind caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly from this book. Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 4347book.fm Page ii Wednesday, August 25, 2004 10:47 PM To the young widows and widowers everywhere: our lives will never be the same. But life can be good again. For online help and resources for younger widows and widowers, see www.youngwidow.org , www.fortnet.org/ Widownet , www.groww.org , and www.ywow.org . My dear Nancy, I miss you. I feel joy as your spirit lives on through me. 4347book.fm Page iii Wednesday, August 25, 2004 10:47 PM Acknowledgments It almost takes a village to create a computer book. Elizabeth Peterson had the vision to propose this book, the first major work dedicated to the Red Hat distribution customized for the enterprise. Brianne Agatep and Maureen Adams guided the development of this book from start to finish, marvelously mak- ing sure it stayed on track. Erica Yee did a wonderful job keeping the book moving forward. This book could not go to press without the dedication and hard work of the other members of the team, including Maureen Forys and Ted Laux. Most importantly, to this book, and to finding new life, I give special thanks to Elizabeth Zinkann, technical editor extraordinaire, logical Linux catalyst, and great friend. Not only is she the most Linux-savvy technical editor that I’ve ever encountered, she has been there to listen and help as I’ve worked through my grief. Here’s to the coming (we hope) World Series between the Cubs and the Red Sox! It does take a community to raise an operating system. I thank the thousands of developers around the world who donate their time to building Linux into an operating system that is challenging a monopoly. On a personal note, thank you, Donna. Thank you for being there for me. Thank you for helping me to understand that we will always miss our dearly departed mates. Thank you for inspiring me to find life and love again, and hopefully to a new home of our own soon. You are the love of my new life. I hope; therefore I can live. 4347book.fm Page iv Wednesday, August 25, 2004 10:47 PM Contents at a Glance Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii Part 1 • Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1 • Introducing Red Hat Enterprise Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Chapter 2 • Preparing Your Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Chapter 3 • Installing Linux on a Stand-Alone System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Chapter 4 • Installing Linux over a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Chapter 5 • Kickstarting Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Part 2 • Linux Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Chapter 6 • Starting at the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Chapter 7 • A Filesystem Primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Chapter 8 • Making the Shell Work for You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Part 3 • Basic Linux Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Chapter 9 • Administering Users and Groups Securely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Chapter 10 • Managing and Updating Packages with RPM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Chapter 11 • Configuring and Troubleshooting the Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Chapter 12 • Upgrading and Recompiling Kernels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 Chapter 13 • The Administrative Nitty-Gritty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Chapter 14 • Backing Up Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Part 4 • Basic Linux Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Chapter 15 • A TCP/IP Primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 4347book.fm Page v Wednesday, August 25, 2004 10:47 PM vi CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Chapter 16 • Managing Linux on Your LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Chapter 17 • Securing Your Linux Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 Part 5 • Basic Linux Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 Chapter 18 • Remote Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 Chapter 19 • DNS and DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 Chapter 20 • Printing with CUPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559 Chapter 21 • Mail Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 Part 6 • Linux File Sharing Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613 Chapter 22 • Linux Sharing Services: FTP and NFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 Chapter 23 • Linux Authentication Services: NIS and LDAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 Chapter 24 • Making Samba Work for You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 Chapter 25 • Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 Chapter 26 • Setting Up MySQL for Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 Part 7 • A Certification Primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 Chapter 27 • Generic Linux Certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779 Chapter 28 • Red Hat Certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809 Part 8 • Window Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827 Chapter 29 • Managing X Servers and X Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 Chapter 30 • The Red Hat GUI Workstation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 Appendices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 Appendix A • More Information Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 Appendix B • GNU General Public License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 4347book.fm Page vi Wednesday, August 25, 2004 10:47 PM Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxvii Part 1 • Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1 • Introducing Red Hat Enterprise Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introducing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Basic Hardware Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 New Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Basic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 A Short History of Unix and Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Unix and the Coming Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Unix Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 The Free Software Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Linus Develops a Kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Exploring the Kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Configuring the Kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 The /proc Filesystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Modular or Monolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Why Choose Linux? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 The Role of a Linux Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Linux as a Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Linux on the Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 Workstation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Small Businesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Bigger Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Chapter 2 • Preparing Your Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Creating Hard Disk Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Partition Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Partition Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Configuring Microsoft and Linux with a 32-Bit Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 The Easy Way: A New Hard Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 The Cheaper Way: An Existing Hard Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Step-by-Step Procedure for VFAT Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Generic Procedure for NTFS Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Why Worry about Hardware? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Hardware Problems Can Be Expensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 4347book.fm Page vii Wednesday, August 25, 2004 10:47 PM viii CONTENTS Not All Hardware Is Built for Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Supports Many Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Finding Compatible Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Red Hat Enterprise Linux–Certified Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Compatible Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Questionable Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Community Knowledge Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Creating a Hardware Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Collecting Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Collecting Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Hardware Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 BIOS Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 IDE Hard Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 SCSI Hard Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Boot Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Non-Plug-and-Play Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Post-Installation Hardware Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Quick Checks with redhat-support-check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 /proc directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 The Red Hat Hardware Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 The Red Hat Keyboard Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 The Red Hat Mouse Configuration Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Sound Card Management (redhat-config-soundcard) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Forcing Hardware Detection with kudzu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Chapter 3 • Installing Linux on a Stand-Alone System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Starting with a Boot Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Creating a Boot or Driver Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Analyzing the Red Hat Boot Floppy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Analyzing the Storage Device Driver Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Analyzing the Network Device Driver Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Analyzing the PCMCIA Driver Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 The Boot ISO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Checking the Installation CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Inspecting CDs with mediacheck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Checking CDs with md5sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Step by Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Selecting Installation Prompt Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Configuring Basic Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Setting Up Hard Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Setting Up Partitions with Disk Druid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Configuring Installation Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Selecting Package Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Ready to Install . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Anaconda Installs Red Hat Enterprise Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Managing Post-Installation Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 4347book.fm Page viii Wednesday, August 25, 2004 10:47 PM CONTENTS ix Running the Red Hat Setup Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Specifying a Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Creating a Regular User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 Detecting a Sound Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 Registering with the Red Hat Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 Additional Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Troubleshooting the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Installation Virtual Consoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Package Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Logging In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Upgrading Red Hat Enterprise Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Allowable Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Making an Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Chapter 4 • Installing Linux over a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Preparing an NFS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Copying Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Sharing Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Setting Installation Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 Preparing an Apache Web Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Copying Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Sharing Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 Setting Installation Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 Preparing an FTP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 Copying Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 Sharing Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 Setting Installation Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 Configuring a PXE Boot Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 Preparing a PXE Boot Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 Using the First Time Druid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Copying to the TFTP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Adding Hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Starting the Boot Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 Configuring DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 Starting a PXE Network Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 Starting a Linux Network Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 Making Boot Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Text Mode: Booting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 Text Mode: Step by Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 Text-Mode Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 Troubleshooting a Network Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 Checking the Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 Checking the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 The Firewall on the Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Address Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 4347book.fm Page ix Wednesday, August 25, 2004 10:47 PM [...]... with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 is released under the GNU General Public License, as shown in Appendix B Red Hat has released the source code for these packages and makes them available in RPM format Several groups have taken Red Hat s source code and developed their own “rebuilds” of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 They are built from Red Hat s own source code They have been modified to remove Red Hat trademarks... the Red Hat fedora If you cannot afford Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3, we recommend that you get a rebuild of this distribution While Red Hat releases its distribution on four CDs, some of the “rebuilds” include the same software on three CDs They are from the following sources: ◆ Community Linux (www.caosity.org) includes “rebuilds” of both Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 and 3 ◆ White Box Enterprise Linux. .. “rebuilds” of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 They may also offer the CDs or even DVDs with the latest updates for a nominal fee There is one more alternative; you can purchase one of the workstation versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 WS or Red Hat Professional Workstation INTRODUCTION They include all of the packages associated with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 ES except for a few servers,... Getting Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 An official copy of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 can be a little expensive; however, the price is not for the software itself but for support The least expensive version for the server is Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 ES Basic Edition for the Intel x86 CPU, with a list price of $34 9 Fortunately, there are less expensive, even free, options available Almost all of what’s... (May 20, 2004) , Linux represents the biggest threat (that) Microsoft has ever faced No wonder IBM is spending billions to promote it.” Naturally, IBM is promoting Linux in the enterprise, and that may, in the title of this article, “Kill Bill.” Red Hat Enterprise Linux is the leading Linux distribution in the Enterprise In this book, we give you the help you need to use Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 productively... Computers Software Operating Systems Linux Companies Resellers for a list Getting the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 Boxed Set You can purchase a full version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux from www.redhat.com and many major computer retailers The boxed set, when purchased from Red Hat, is considerably more expensive than the download version For more information, navigate to www.redhat.com/software/rhel/purchase/... Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux In Chapter 1 we explain the roles that Linux can play as a desktop, as a small business server, and as a server for the enterprise If you’re planning to xxviii INTRODUCTION install Linux on multiple computers, you’ll want to read Chapter 2 carefully, because you need to be sure your hardware is ready for Linux While Chapter 3 focuses on installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux. .. transition Linux is built for networking It is customized for TCP/IP, the language of the Internet Red Hat Enterprise Linux is the most popular large-scale Linux distribution It includes applications such as office suites and specialized services that can easily cost hundreds of dollars per computer Linux is about freedom of choice You can download “rebuilds” of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 for free... include limited levels of support from Red Hat (except for the server packages associated with ES or AS) Downloading Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 If you have a high-speed Internet connection such as a cable modem or DSL adapter, you can download the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation CDs If you’ve purchased an official copy, you can download the CDs over the Red Hat Network With your purchase, you should... documentation from Red Hat We explain each of these options at the end of this introduction But no matter which version you are working with, this book will help you get the most from Red Hat Enterprise Linux What’s in This Book I’ve divided this book into eight parts, each addressing a different set of skills that can help you and your enterprise become productive in Red Hat Enterprise Linux You can read . Mastering Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 Michael Jang SYBEX ® San Francisco London Mastering ™ Red Hat ® Enterprise Linux ® 3 Michael Jang 434 7book.fm Page. 20041 08201 ISBN: 0-7 82 1-4 34 7-4 SYBEX and the SYBEX logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of SYBEX Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Mastering is a trademark of SYBEX. xxvii Part 1 • Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1 • Introducing Red Hat Enterprise Linux . . . . . . . . . . .