CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện) TYPE 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai V1(s /es) If + S + don’t / doesn’t + V1 will / shall / can + V1 S + won’t / can’t / shan’t + V1 EX: If I save enough money, I will buy a new car. TYPE 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại V2/-ed If + S + didn’t + V1 could / would/ should + V1 S + couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + V1 EX: If I were you, I would tell the truth. TYPE 3: điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ had + V3/-ed If + S + hadn’t + V3 /-ed could / would/ should + have + V3/-ed S + couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + have + V3/-ed EX: If I had arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat. - Note: Ta có thể lược bỏ "If" đi nhưng phải đảo ngữ EX: Had I arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat. - Unless = If … not - Đổi từ if sang unless: IF UNLESS Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ định) Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi) Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster. Unless If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam. Unless - Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause - If you don’t + V1, Clause - If you aren’t + …, Clause Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself. If Go away or I will call the police. If - NỐI 2 CÂU ĐƠN DÙNG “ IF” - Note: + Diễn tả 1 hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai → loại 1 + Diễn tả 1 hành động không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại (động từ ở hiện tại) → loại 2 + Diễn tả 1 hành động không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ (động từ ở quá khứ) → loại 3 EX: Hurry up or you will be late. → If you don’t hurry, you will be late. EX: She doesn’t have a car. She doesn’t go out in the evening. → If she had a car, she would go out in the evening. EX: We cancelled the meeting because Peter didn’t come. → If Peter had come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting. → Had Peter come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting. EXERCISE: 1. If people were a little more tolerant A. our world would have been a better place. B. our world would be a better place. C. our world will be a better place. 2. If there were no wars…………… A .our world would have been a better place. B. our world would be a better place. C. our world will be a better place. 3. If the ozone layer peels off a little more we A. we ran a much higher risk of attracting skin cancer. B. would run a much higher risk of attracting skin cancer. C. will run a much higher risk of attracting skin cancer. 4. I would never feel comfortable on a plane if A. I know it's the pilot's maiden trip. B. I knew it's the pilot's maiden trip. C. I would know that it's the pilot's maiden trip. 5. A dog will never bite you if A. you will look it straight in the eyes, I'm told. B. you look it straight in the eyes, I'm told. C. you looked it straight in the eyes, I'm told. 5. A dog will never bite you if A. you will look it straight in the eyes, I'm told. B. you look it straight in the eyes, I'm told. C. you looked it straight in the eyes, I'm told. 6. A dog will never bite you if A. you will look it straight in the eyes, I'm told. B. you look it straight in the eyes, I'm told. C. you looked it straight in the eyes, I'm told. 7. If John hadn't responded in such an aggressive manner he A. would never have a black eye. B. won't have a black eye. C. would never have had a black Exercises Supply correct form of the verbs in parentheses . 1. What you (do) if I hadn’t lend you the money? 2. If you had asked me for ticket, I (get) you some tickets. 3. I (not marry) him If I had known what he was like. 4. I wouldn’t have hired a car if I (know) how expensive it was. 5. If we (go) to the cinema earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the start of the film. 6. If I had been born a year earlier, I (have) to do military service. 7. If you (ask) me , I would have lend you my car. 8. If I had gone to university, I (get) a better job. 9. I (not go) out yesterday , If you had asked me not to. 10. I could have given you a lift if my car (not break) down. 11. I (not go) to Britain if I had known what was going to happen. 12. I would have stay longer if he( want) me to. 13. I (not come) to this school if I had known it was like. 14. We would have gone to his party if we (be) able to find a baby – sister. 15. . I (visit ) you in the hospital if I had known you were there. Exercises 3 : Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses 1.I might have enough time tonight. → If I (have) enough time, I (write) a letter to my cousin. 2. The weather is terrible today. → If the weather (be) good, I (go) for a five - mile - walk. 3. Mary didn’t come to my party last week. → If she (come) to my party, she (meet) my friends. 4. Snow is predicted for tomorrow. → If it (snow) tomorrow, I( stay) at home. 5. Jack didn’t study for the test. → If he( study) , he( pass) it. 6. Air plane tickets are expensive. → If they( be) cheap, I (fly) to Ho Chi Minh city for weekend. 7. May be the weather will be nice tomorrow. → If the weather( be) nice, I( go) for a long walk. 8. Unfortunately, I don’t have enough money. → If I( have) enough money, I( buy) a ticket to the rock concert. 9. I didn’t know it was your birthday yesterday. → If I( know) it was your birthday yesterday. I (get) you a present. 10. I’m tired. → If I (be not) tired, I( help) you.  Exercise: Rewrite these sentences: 1. Hurry up or we will be late for the last bus.  If 2. It was very cold yesterday, so we couldn’t go swimming.  If 3. He had a flu because he went out in the rain last night.  If 4. Ellen didn’t have much money in the bank, so she was very worried.  If 5. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.  Unless 6. She can’t buy the dictionary because she doesn’t have enough money.  If  Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. If Jake to go on the trip, would you have gone? A. doesn’t agree B. didn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t agree 2. If energy inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different. A. is B. will be C. would be D. were 3. Unless you all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you. A. answered B. answer C. would answer D. are answering 4. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I it. A. hadn’t believed B. don’t believe C. can’t believe D. would never have believed 5. interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it. A. If I am B. Should I C. I was D. Were I 6. If I had enough money, A. I will buy that house B. I am buy that house C. I can buy that house D. I could buy that house 7. Had I had time, I to the beach with you this weekend. A. will come B. would come C. will have come D. would have come 8. If he that she was in the hospital, he to see her. A. knows/ will come B. knew/ would come C. had known/ would have come D. has known/will have come 9. If everything is all right, we our work on time. A. complete B. are completing C. have completed D. will complete 10.If I were you, I would work hard. A. You would rather not work so hard B. You should work harder C. You should work with me. D. Do not work so hard. 11.We didn’t visit the museum because we had no time. A. If we have time, we will visit the museum. C. If we had had time, we would have visited the museum. B. If we had time, we would visit the museum. D. If we had had time, we will have visited the museum. 12. I have time, I will go with you. A. If B. Unless C. So D. So that 13. harder, you would have passed the exam. A. If you studied B. If had you studied C. Had you studied D. Were you studied 14.If the police hadn’t saved me, I at that time. A. will die B. would die C. will have died D. would have died 15 at 4 o’clock, we would have missed seeing Bob. A. If we had gone B. Had we gone C. because we had gone D. A and B 5. Wish Sentences: + Qui tắc: - Thay đổi thì: Hiện tại đơn -> quá khứ đơn. Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành. Tương lai đơn -> Would / Could. - Viết lại câu trái nghĩa với câu ban đầu: Phủ định __ Khẳng định. - Bỏ “I’m sorry” hoặc “What a pity” ( nếu có). EX:  Present wish: a- I’m sorry I don’t get good marks.  I wish b- What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me.  I wish c- I’m bad at English.  I wish  Past wish: a- What a pity my girl friend didn’t go to my birthday party.  I wish b- Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job.  Nam now wishes that  Future wish: a- I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently.  I wish b- My sister won’t come here.  I wish ________________________________________________________________________________ EXERCISE I. IF -> UNLESS: 1. If he doesn’t take more care, he’ll have an accident. -> Unless . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… . 2. The crops will be ruined if it doesn’t rain soon. -> Unless . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Unless the weather is fine, we’ll stay at home. -> If . . . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. I can’t go with you unless I get my work finished. -> If . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. If you don’t leave on the 15 th , you’ll get home late for your mother’s party. -> Unless . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Tom never does anything unless his father tells him what to do. -> If . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Don’t take this job if you don’t really want it. -> Unless . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. If she does nothing to prepare for the test, she will get bad marks. -> Unless . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa. -> If . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Unless you remember our address, you can find it in the phone book. -> If . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… II. Vo … + O or S + WILL + Vo -> IF YOU + DON’T Vo … , S + WILL + Vo -> UNLESS YOU + Vo … , S + WILL + Vo 1. Do your exercises or you will fail the exam.  If  Unless 2. Save some money or you won’t able to buy the house.  If 3. Behave yourself or your parents will be very unhappy.  Unless 4. Do it carefully or you’ll feel sorry afterwards.  If 5. Ask him first or he won’t offer to help.  If 6. Be calm or you’ll make a wrong decision.  Unless 7. Be careful or you’ll cut yourself with that knife.  If III. FACT IN THE PRESENT - > IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 2) 1. My brother doesn’t buy that car because he doesn’t have enough money.  If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 2. We don’t go out because it rains. If………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………. 3. I don’t know his address, so I can’t contact him. If………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………. 4. It’s too cold so we can’t go swimming. If………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………. 5. The exercises are very difficult so I can’t finish in fifteen minutes. If………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………. 6. She can’t go to the meeting because she is busy. If………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………. 7. Because I don’t meet her, I don’t give her your letter. If………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………. 8. They are too slow, they can’t win the mach. If………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………. 9. She is too weak, she can’t take any exercise. If………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………. 10. People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly. If………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………. IV. FACT IN THE PAST -> IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 3) 1. I didn’t watch T.V last night because I was busy. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 2. I didn’t see the signal,so I didn’t stop. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 3. We got lost because we didn’t have a map. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 4. We stayed up late last night and we were so tired. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 5. He wasn’t able to answer the questions, so he failed the exam. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 6. One of the reason I didn’t phone you was that I was very busy. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 7. Unfortunately, I didn’t have an umbrella and so I got wet in the rain. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 8. Peter was very nervous and failed the driving test. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 9. I didn’t take a taxi because I didn’t have any money on me. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 10. Without a visa, she couldn’t have come to that country. -> If . . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. V. FACT -> WISH 1. I’m sorry I don’t have much money.  I wish 2. What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night.  I wish 3. What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me. I wish 4. I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently.  I wish 5. My friends don’t take part in the game.  I wish 6. I’m sorry I get bad marks.  I wish 7. What a pity the weather isn’t find today.  I wish 8. What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night.  I wish 9. I haven’t enough money to buy this book.  I wish 10. I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon.  I wish 11. I live in a big city, but I don’t like it.  I wish 12. I can’t take the trip to Hanoi with her next summer.  I wish 13. Mary is afraid she won’t be able to attend your wedding next week.  I wish 14. I’m sorry I didn’t finish my homework.  I wish 15. Tom bought the second- hand car.  I wish 16. She won’t come with me.  I wish 17. Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job. 18.  Nam wishes 19. I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell the truth. 20.  I wish you had given 21. He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party.  I wish 22. Daisy didn’t go swimming with me.  I wish VI. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form. 1. If the earth suddenly (stop) …………. spinning we all (fly) …………. off it. 2. If you (smoke) …………… in a non-smoking compartment the other passengers (object) ………… 3. (your parents / not / be) ………………. proud if they could see you now? 4. I’m broke, but I (have) ………… plenty of money now if I (not / spend) ………… so much yesterday. 5. If we (work) ……………all right, we (finish) ……………in time; but we have no intention of doing it 6. If we (have) …………… a submarine now, we (use) …………it to investigate the seabed 7. Were he ten years younger, he (take) …………… part in the voyage around the world 8. Should you come late, they (not let) ……………… you in 9. He might get rid of his cough if he (not smoke) ……………so much 10.If someone (give) …………….you a boat what you (do) …………… ? 11.Water (freeze) ……………. if the temperature falls below zero 12.I (warn) ………… you if I had seen you last week 13.He always says hello if he (see) ………… you 14.What would you do if he (resign) …………… tomorrow? 15.I wouldn’t have been so upset if Judy (write) ……………… to me earlier 16.Shout if you (see) ………… anything unusually 17.The engine starts if you (turn) …………… this key 18.If he weren’t so bad-temperature, his wife (not leave) …………….him so soon after the marriage 19.What (you / say) ………………….if I offered you a job? 20.The children always (get) ………….frightened if they watch horror films 21.If it (not be) _____________ for you, I would be late 22.I can’t help feeling sorry for the hungry children. If only there (be) __________ peace in the world 23.Were I to become president, my first act (be) __________ to help the poor 24.If he (listen) _____________ to his father’s advice, he would still be working here. 25.If she hadn’t stayed up late last night, she (not / be) ____________ tired now. 26.I feel as if my head (be) ___________ on fire now, doctor. 27.He always talks as though he (address) ____________ at a public meeting. 28.It was our fault to keep you waiting so long. We (inform) ___________ you in advance. 29.Had I known her address, I (go) _____________ to visit her. 30.He looked frightened as if he (see) _____________ a ghost. 31.I wish I (see) ____________ her off at the airport yesterday. 32.Tom wishes he (have) _________ enough money to buy a new car now. 33.Mary wishes she (become) _________ an astronaut someday. 34.I wish I (have) __________ a day off to visit his parents. He hasn’t seen them for ages 35.He wishes he (not/buy) ______________ that old car. VII. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence. 1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house. A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't 2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work. A. wouldn't have been B. would have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be 3. If I _____, I would express my feelings. A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked 4. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded. A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did 5. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary? A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal 6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her. A. would have been / hadn't lied B. would be / didn't lie C. will be / don't lie D. would be / hadn't lied 7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business. A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests 8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _____ her to. A. wouldn’t advise B. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't advise 9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down. A. could have climbed B. climb C. is climbing D. climbed 10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down. A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb 11. If I _____ her phone number, I _____ her last night A. had known / could have phoned B. knew / would have phoned C. know / can phone D. knew / could phone 12. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him. A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell 13. If you press that button what _____? A. would happen B. would have happened C. will happen D. happen 14. She says if she _____ that the traffic lights were red she _____. A. had realized / would stop B. realized / could have stopped C. has realized / stopped D. had realized / would have stopped 15. I am very thin. I think, if I _____ smoking, I might get fat. A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped 16. If I _____ that yesterday, I _____ them. A. had discovered / would inform B. had discovered / would have informed C. had discovered / could inform D. discovered / can inform 17. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year. A. go / gave B. go / give C. had gone / would have given D. went / would give 18. I think he is not at home. If he _____ in, he ______ the phone. A. was / answered B. were / would answer C. were / would have answered D.had been / would have answered 19. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum. A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be 20. If Columbus _______ money from Queen Isabella, he _______ across the Atlantic. A. do not receive / could not sail B. had not received / might not have sailed C. did not receive / might not have sailed D. would not receive / might not sail 21. If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _______ more good-looking. A. will be B. would be C. would have been D. can be 22. If your hair _______ grey now, what ______ you ________? A. went / would / do B. goes / would /do C. had gone / would/do D. had gone / would have / done 23. If you ______ be someone, who______ you ______? A. could / would / have been B. could / would / be C. can / will / be D. are able to / will / be 24. If I ________ an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children. A. am B. have been C. were D. had been 25. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business. A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests 26. It ________ if nobody had reminded them. A. would have be forgot B. would have been forgot C. would have forget D. would have been forget 27. The car ________ if somebody takes it there. A. will be repaired B. would be repaired C. will been repaired D. is repair 28. You ______ to prison if you did that. A. would be send B. would have been sent C. would be sent D. were sent 29. You would study Italian if it _____ here. A. was teaching B. were taught C. would be taught D. is taught 30. It _______ if nobody reminded them A. was forgotten B. would be forget C. would be forgot D. would forgot 31. The magazine _____ by more people if it had better articles. A. would be reading B. would read C. would be read D. been read 32. The joke would not be funny if it _________ into French. A. were translated B. is translated C. was be translated D. translated 33. A doctor _________ if somebody falls ill. A. will be cold for B. will be called for C. will call for D. would be call for 34. Would she go if she _____? A. were invited B. was be invited C. have been invited D. be invited 35. He _____ the death penalty if he were found guilty. A. would be given B. would be gave C. would given D. were given 36. Who would have won the World War II if the nuclear bomb _____ by the Nazus first. A. had be produced B. had produced C. had been produced D. would be produced 37. The room ______ if it is not empty. A. couldn’t be repainted B. cannot be repainted C. could be repainted D. can be repainted 38. He _____ the death penalty if he had been found guilty. A. would has given B. would has been given C. would have given D. would have been given 39. The cars _____ if we had not done such a huge advertising campaign. A. would not have been bought B. would not have be bought C. would have been bought D. would not had been bought 40. If I were a better conversationalist , _____ to parties more often? A. I would be invited B. I would have been invited C. would I be invited D. would I have been invited 41.Kevin never seems to get tired. I wish I _____ his energy A. can have B. have had C. had D. would have 42. If I ____ him yesterday, I would have to come back tomorrow . CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện) TYPE 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai V1(s. sister. 15. . I (visit ) you in the hospital if I had known you were there. Exercises 3 : Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses 1.I might have enough time tonight. → If I (have) enough. (get) you a present. 10. I’m tired. → If I (be not) tired, I( help) you.  Exercise: Rewrite these sentences: 1. Hurry up or we will be late for the last bus.  If 2. It was very cold yesterday,