[...]... hard time penetrating the membrane by means of “simple” diffusion The oil-and-water partition coefficient (k) is a measure of the lipid solubility of a substance (Ǟ C) Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license ̈ 1 Brownian particle movement (~T) 2 Passive transport PO2 O2 O2 3 PO2 profile O2 Gas O2 PO2 0 PO2 Slope=gradient... Language · · · 336 Glia · · · 338 Sense of Taste · · · 338 Sense of Smell · · · 340 Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license 310 Sense of Balance · · · 342 Eye Structure, Tear Fluid, Aqueous Humor · · · 344 Optical Apparatus of the Eye · · · 346 Visual Acuity, Photosensors · · · 348 Adaptation of the Eye to Different Light Intensities... membrane The enclosed spaces (cisterns) make up around 10% of the cell volume, and the membrane comprises up to 70% of the membrane mass of a cell Ribosomes can attach to the cytosolic surface of parts of the ER, forming a rough endö Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license C Transcription and translation Genomic DNA Nucleus... · · 152 Transport Processes at the Nephron · · · 154 Reabsorption of Organic Substances · · · 158 Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license 148 Excretion of Organic Substances · · · 160 Reabsorption of Na+ and Cl– · · · 162 Reabsorption of Water, Formation of Concentrated Urine · · · 164 Body Fluid Homeostasis · · · 168... Logarithms · · · 380 Graphic Representation of Data · · · 381 The Greek Alphabet · · · 384 Reference Values in Physiology · · · 384 Important Equations in Physiology · · · 388 Further Reading 391 Index 394 XIII Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license 1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology “ If we break up a living organism... G 3’-poly-A tail A A 5’ cap Reading direction A A C U C A tRNAGlu Introns Splicing A A mRNA 1 15 44 67 A A A 5’ Protein NH2 Ile Leu Arg C C A Glu Codon Anticodon Ribosome 1 mRNA breakdown Plate 1.5 mRNA export The Cell II a 11 Growth of peptide chain Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license 1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology. .. Occlusin Myosin II Actin E-cadherin Adapter proteins Ca2+ 2 19 Photos: H Lodish Reproduced with permission from Scientific American Books, New York, 1995 Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license Jdiff ϭ A ! D ! 1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology Passive Transport by Means of Diffusion Diffusion is movement of a substance owing... Photo: W Pfaller Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license 9 1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology 10 ̈ primary mRNA strand by splicing (Ǟ C1b, D) and then degraded The introns, themselves, contain the information on the exact splicing site Splicing is ATP-dependent and requires the interaction of a number of proteins within... pressure Peripheral resistance Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license Orthostasis etc 5 1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology 6 ̈ turbances In the case of blood pressure regulation (Ǟ C2), for example, the system can respond to events such as orthostasis (Ǟ p 204) or sudden blood loss The type of control circuits described... can pass Since this applies not only for ions such as Ca2+, but also for a number of organic substances such as ATP, these types of cells are Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license ̈ Nucleus 1 2 Cytosol Ca2+ Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase Ca2+ channel Signal (depolarization, hormon, etc.) Ca2+ Discharge Storage . the Atlantic in their sailing boat. This was the last that was ever heard of them and we have had to aban- don all hope of seeing them again. Without the creative enthusiasm of Aga- mennon Despopoulos, . conditions of license. IV Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the publisher This book is an authorized translation of the 5th German edition published and copy- righted. described above, the controlled variables are kept constant on aver- age, with variably large, wave-like deviations. The sudden emergence of a disturbance varia- ble causes larger deviations that