html, xhtml, & css bible, 3rd ed 2004

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html, xhtml, & css bible, 3rd ed 2004

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[...]... WY022/Pfaffenberger-v3.cls June 10, 2004 2 11:19 P1: JYS WY022-01 WY022/Pfaffenberger WY022/Pfaffenberger-v3.cls June 10, 2004 11:19 1 C H A P T E R Introducing the Web and HTML ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦ In This Chapter T his chapter addresses the questions most people have when they’re getting started with HTML /XHTML, such as what is the difference between HTML and XHTML, and when do Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) come into play? If... reading an item in an unordered list, as it is termed in SGML (most people use the more familiar bulleted list) In SGML, you mark up this item as a bulleted list, but you don’t say anything about how it’s supposed to look That’s left up to whatever device displays or prints the marked-up file ✦ Presentation refers to the way these various components are actually displayed by a given media device, such as a... with limited vision or other physical limitations For example, a document marked up structurally might be presented by a Braille printer for those with limited vision, or by a text reader for those with limited hearing Sounds great, right? Still, from the beginning, HTML didn’t make the structure versus presentation distinction as clearly as SGML purists would have liked And as HTML developed and the... demanded more tools to make their documents look attractive on-screen The companies that make Web browsers responded by introducing new, nonstandardized HTML elements that contained presentation information By 1996, many Web experts were worried that HTML standards were spiraling out of control The newly founded World Wide Consortium, hoping to keep at least some kind of standard in place, tried to... jumping around from one page to another on the Web—it’s called surfing If one Web page doesn’t seem all that interesting once you visit, you can click another link that seems more related to your needs (and so on) The Web makes surfing so easy that you’ll need to give some thought to keeping people on your sites—keeping them engaged and interested—so they won’t surf away! Where Does HTML Fit In? Hypertext... font is used to indicate code within normal text This font looks like this: Code Listings Code listings appear in specially formatted listings, in a different font, similar to these lines Feedback Wiley Publishing, Inc., and the authors of this book value your feedback We welcome ways to improve the content presented here, such as being informed of errors... to be GIFs; JPEGs were used for out-of-line images And there were no forms Every page looked pretty much the same: gray background and Times Roman font Links were indicated in blue until you’d visited them, and then they were red Because scanners and image-manipulation software weren’t as available then, the image limitation wasn’t a huge problem HTML 1.0 was only implemented in Mosaic and Lynx (a... Hypertext? You probably noticed the word “hypertext” in the spelled-out version of HTTP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol Originated by computing pioneer Theodore Nelson, the term “hypertext” doesn’t mean “text that can’t sit still,” although some Web authors do use a much-despised HTML code that makes the text blink on-screen Instead, the term is an analogy to a time-honored (but physically impossible)... designed to be read in sequence: Page 2 follows page 1, and so on Sure, you can skip around, but books don’t provide much help, beyond including an index Computer-based hypertexts let readers jump around all they want The computer part is important because it’s hard to build a hypertext system out of physical media, such as index cards or pieces of paper The Web is a giant computer-based hypermedia... Development Software 555 Text-Oriented Editors 555 Simple text editors 555 Smart text editors .556 HTML-specific editors . WY022/Pfaffenberger-v3.cls June 15, 2004 23:23 HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible, 3rd Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright C  2004 by Wiley. 15, 2004 23:23 Credits Acquisitions Editor Jim Minatel Development Editor Marcia Ellett Production Editor Gabrielle Nabi Technical Editor Wiley-Dreamtech India Pvt Ltd Copy Editor TechBooks Editorial. P1: FMK WY022-FM WY022/Pfaffenberger WY022/Pfaffenberger-v3.cls June 15, 2004 23:23 HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible 3rd Edition Brian Pfaffenberger, Steven M. Schafer, Charles White, Bill Karow Wiley

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Mục lục

  • HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible

    • Cover page

    • Title page

    • Copyright

    • About the Authors

    • Credits

    • Dedication

    • Acknowledgments

  • Contents at a Glance (linked)

  • Contents (linked)

  • Introduction

    • Who Should Read This Book?

    • Book Organization, Conventions,

    • and Features

      • Organization

      • Conventions and features

        • Tips, Notes, and Cautions

        • Code

    • Feedback

  • Part I: Understanding (X)HTML

    • Chapter 1: Introducing the Web and HTML

      • What Is the World Wide Web?

      • How Does the Web Work?

      • What Is Hypertext?

      • Where Does HTML Fit In?

        • The invention of HTML

        • A short history of HTML

          • HTML 1.0

          • HTML 2.0

          • HTML 3.2

          • HTML 4.0

          • XML 1.0

          • CSS 1.0 and 2.0

          • HTML 4.01

          • XHTML 1.0

        • So who makes the rules?

          • Buzz and scrambling

          • Committees and working drafts

          • Voting process

      • What Is CSS?

        • The maintenance nightmare

        • Enter CSS

        • What does “cascading” mean?

      • What Is XHTML?

      • Creating an HTML Document

        • Writing HTML

        • Name your files with a Web-friendly extension

        • Format your text

        • Structure your document

      • Don’t I Need a Web Server?

      • Summary

    • Chapter 2: What Goes Into a Web Page?

      • Specifying Document Type

      • The Overall Structure: HTML,

      • Head, and Body

        • The <html> tag

        • The <head> tag

      • Styles

      • Block Elements: Markup for Paragraphs

        • Formatted paragraphs

        • Headings

        • Quoted text

        • List elements

        • Preformatted text

        • Divisions

      • Inline Elements: Markup for Characters

        • Basic inline tags

        • Spanning

      • Special Characters (Entities)

      • Organizational Elements

        • Tables

        • Forms

      • Linking to Other Pages

      • Images

      • Comments

      • Scripts

      • Putting it All Together

      • Summary

    • Chapter 3: Starting Your Web Page

      • Basic Rules for HTML Code

        • Use liberal white space

        • Use well-formed HTML

        • Comment your code

      • Creating the Basic Structure

      • Declaring the Document Type

      • Specifying the Document Title

      • Providing Information to Search Engines

      • Setting the Default Path

      • Creating Automatic Refreshes and Redirects

      • Page Background Color and

      • Background Images

        • Specifying the document background color

        • Specifying the document background image

      • Summary

  • Part II: HTML/XHTML Authoring Fundamentals

    • Chapter 4: Lines, Line Breaks, and Paragraphs

      • Line Breaks

        • Paragraphs

        • Manual line breaks

      • Nonbreaking Spaces

      • Soft Hyphens

      • Preserving Formatting—The <pre> Element

      • Indents

      • Headings

      • Horizontal Rules

      • Grouping with the <div> Element

      • Summary

    • Chapter 5: Lists

      • Understanding Lists

      • Ordered (Numbered) Lists

      • Unordered (Bulleted) Lists

      • Definition Lists

        • Unknown

          • Internet Explorer

          • Mozilla

          • Netscape

          • Safari

      • Nested Lists

      • Summary

    • Chapter 6: Images

      • Image Formats for the Web

        • Image compression

        • Compression options

          • GIF

          • JPEG

          • PNG

        • Image color depth

        • Enhancing downloading speed

          • Image file sizes

          • Number of images

          • Reuse images

          • Use frames

          • Use text rather than images

      • Creating Graphics

        • Essential functions

        • Free alternatives

        • Progressive JPEGs and interlaced GIFs

      • Inserting an Image

      • Image Alignment

      • Specifying Text to Display for

      • Nongraphical Browsers

      • Size and Scaling

      • Image Borders

      • Image Maps

        • Specifying an image map

        • Specifying clickable regions

          • Specifying regions using anchor tags

          • Specifying regions using area tags

        • Putting it all together

      • Animated Images

      • Summary

    • Chapter 7: Links

      • What’s in a Link?

      • Linking to a Web Page

      • Absolute versus Relative Links

      • Link Targets

      • Link Titles

      • Keyboard Shortcuts and Tab Order

        • Keyboard shortcuts

        • Tab order

      • Creating an Anchor

      • Choosing Link Colors

      • Link Target Details

      • The Link Tag

      • Summary

    • Chapter 8: Text

      • Methods of Text Control

        • The <font> tag

        • Emphasis and other text tags

        • CSS text control

      • Bold and Italic Text

      • Monospace (Typewriter) Fonts

      • Superscripts and Subscripts

      • Abbreviations

      • Marking Editorial Insertions and Deletions

      • Grouping Inline Elements with

      • the <span> Tag

      • Summary

    • Chapter 9: Special Characters.

      • Understanding Character Encodings

      • Special Characters

      • En and Em Spaces and Dashes

      • Copyright and Trademark Symbols

      • Currency Symbols

      • “Real” Quotation Marks

      • Arrows

      • Accented Characters

      • Greek and Mathematical Characters

      • Other Useful Entities

      • Summary

    • Chapter 10: Tables

      • Parts of an HTML Table

      • Table Width and Alignment

      • Cell Spacing and Padding

      • Borders and Rules

        • Table borders

        • Table rules

      • Rows

      • Cells

      • Table Captions

      • Row Groupings—Header, Body, and Footer

      • Background Colors

      • Spanning Columns and Rows

      • Grouping Columns

      • Summary

    • Chapter 11: Page Layout with Tables.

      • Rudimentary Formatting with Tables

    • Chapter 12: Frames

    • Chapter 13: Forms

    • Chapter 14: Multimedia

    • Chapter 15: Scripts

  • Part III: Controlling Presentation with CSS

    • Chapter 16: Introducing Cascading Style Sheets.

    • Chapter 17: Creating Style Rules

    • Chapter 18: Fonts

    • Chapter 19: Text Formatting

    • Chapter 20: Padding, Margins, and Borders

    • Chapter 21: Colors and Backgrounds

    • Chapter 22: Tables

    • Chapter 23: Element Positioning

    • Chapter 24: Defining Pages for Printing

  • Part IV: Advanced Web Authoring

    • Chapter 25: JavaScript

    • Chapter 26: Dynamic DHTML

    • Chapter 27: Dynamic HTML with CSS

    • Chapter 28: Introduction to Server-Side Scripting

    • Chapter 29: Introduction to Database-Driven Web Publishing

    • Chapter 30: Creating a Weblog

    • Chapter 31: Introduction to XML.

    • Chapter 32: XML Processing and Implementations

  • Part V: Testing, Publishing, and Maintaining Your Site

    • Chapter 33: Testing and Validating Your Documents

    • Chapter 34: Web Development Software

    • Chapter 35: Choosing a Service Provider.

    • Chapter 36: Uploading Your Site with FTP.

    • Chapter 37: Publicizing Your Site and Building Your Audience

    • Chapter 38: Maintaining Your Site

  • Part VI: Principles of Professional Web Design and Development

    • Chapter 39: The Web Development Process.

    • Chapter 40: Developing and Structuring Content.

    • Chapter 41: Designing for Usability and Accessibility

    • Chapter 42: Designing for an International Audience

    • Chapter 43: Security

    • Chapter 44: Privacy

  • Part VII: Appendixes

    • Appendix A: HTML 4.01 Elements

    • Appendix B: CSS Properties

    • Appendix C: Named Colors and the Web Palette

    • Appendix D: Language and Country Codes Reference

  • Index (linked)

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