Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
introducing microsoft SQL server 2012
Ross Mistry and Stacia Misner Introducing Microsoft ® SQL Server 2012 ® spine = 1.76” PUBLISHED BY Microsoft Press A Division of Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, Washington 98052-6399 Copyright © 2012 by Microsoft Corporation All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Control Number: 2012933508 ISBN: 978-0-7356-6515-6 Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. If you need support related to this book, email Microsoft Press Book Support at mspinput@microsoft.com. Please tell us what you think of this book at http://www.microsoft.com/learning/booksurvey. Microsoft and the trademarks listed at http://www.microsoft.com/about/legal/en/us/IntellectualProperty /Trademarks/EN-US.aspx are trademarks of the Microsoft group of companies. All other marks are property of their respective owners. The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, email addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted herein are ctitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, email address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred. This book expresses the author’s views and opinions. The information contained in this book is provided without any express, statutory, or implied warranties. Neither the authors, Microsoft Corporation, nor its resellers, or distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused either directly or indirectly by this book. Acquisitions Editor: Anne Hamilton Developmental Editor: Devon Musgrave Project Editor: Carol Dillingham Technical Reviewer: Mitch Tulloch; Technical Review services provided by Content Master, a member of CM Group, Ltd. Copy Editor: Roger LeBlanc Indexer: Christina Yeager Editorial Production: Waypoint Press Cover: Twist Creative • Seattle I dedicate this book to my wife, Sherry. Thank you for being one of the only people in my life who has always been there for me regardless of the situation and has never let me down. I am greatly appreciative. –Ross MistRy I dedicate this book to my husband and best friend, Gerry, who excels at keeping our dreams alive. –stacia MisneR Contents at a Glance PART 1 DATABASE ADMINISTRATION CHAPTER 1 SQL Server 2012 Editions and Engine Enhancements 3 CHAPTER 2 High-Availability and Disaster-Recovery Enhancements 21 CHAPTER 3 Performance and Scalability 41 CHAPTER 4 Security Enhancements 57 CHAPTER 5 Programmability and Beyond-Relational Enhancements 73 PART 2 BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 6 Integration Services 93 CHAPTER 7 Data Quality Services 141 CHAPTER 8 Master Data Services 175 CHAPTER 9 Analysis Services and PowerPivot 199 CHAPTER 10 Reporting Services 229 vii Contents Introduction xv PART 1 DATABASE ADMINISTRATION Chapter 1 SQL Server 2012 Editions and Engine Enhancements 3 SQL Server 2012 Enhancements for Database Administrators 4 Availability Enhancements 4 Scalability and Performance Enhancements 6 Manageability Enhancements 7 Security Enhancements 10 Programmability Enhancements 11 SQL Server 2012 Editions 12 Enterprise Edition 12 Standard Edition 13 Business Intelligence Edition 14 Specialized Editions 15 SQL Server 2012 Licensing Overview 15 Hardware and Software Requirements 16 Installation, Upgrade, and Migration Strategies 17 The In-Place Upgrade 17 Side-by-Side Migration 19 What do you think of this book? We want to hear from you! Microsoft is interested in hearing your feedback so we can continually improve our books and learning resources for you. To participate in a brief online survey, please visit: microsoft.com/learning/booksurvey viii Contents Chapter 2 High-Availability and Disaster-Recovery Enhancements 21 SQL Server AlwaysOn: A Flexible and Integrated Solution 21 AlwaysOn Availability Groups 23 Understanding Concepts and Terminology 24 Conguring Availability Groups 29 Monitoring Availability Groups with the Dashboard 31 Active Secondaries 32 Read-Only Access to Secondary Replicas 33 Backups on Secondary 33 AlwaysOn Failover Cluster Instances 34 Support for Deploying SQL Server 2012 on Windows Server Core 36 SQL Server 2012 Prerequisites for Server Core 37 SQL Server Features Supported on Server Core 38 SQL Server on Server Core Installation Alternatives 38 Additional High-Availability and Disaster-Recovery Enhancements 39 Support for Server Message Block 39 Database Recovery Advisor 39 Online Operations 40 Rolling Upgrade and Patch Management 40 Chapter 3 Performance and Scalability 41 Columnstore Index Overview 41 Columnstore Index Fundamentals and Architecture 42 How Is Data Stored When Using a Columnstore Index? 42 How Do Columnstore Indexes Signicantly Improve the Speed of Queries? 44 Columnstore Index Storage Organization 45 Columnstore Index Support and SQL Server 2012 46 Columnstore Index Restrictions 46 Columnstore Index Design Considerations and Loading Data 47 When to Build a Columnstore Index 47 When Not to Build a Columnstore Index 48 Loading New Data 48 Contents ix Creating a Columnstore Index 49 Creating a Columnstore Index by Using SQL Server Management Studio 50 Creating a Columnstore Index Using Transact-SQL 51 Using Columnstore Indexes 52 Using Hints with a Columnstore Index 53 Columnstore Index Observations and Best Practices 54 Chapter 4 Security Enhancements 57 Security Enhancements in SQL Server 2012 57 Security Manageability Improvements 58 Default Schema for Groups 58 User-Dened Server Roles 59 Audit Enhancements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Audit Supported on All SKUs 62 Improved Resilience 62 User-Dened Audit Event 65 Record Filtering 66 Database Authentication Enhancements 67 Enabling Contained Databases 68 Creating Users 69 Contained Database Authentication Security Concerns 70 Additional Security Enhancements 71 Cryptography Changes 71 Tight Integration with SharePoint and Active Directory 71 Provisioning Enhancements 72 New Permissions 72 Chapter 5 Programmability and Beyond-Relational Enhancements 73 Pain Points of Using the Beyond Relational Paradigm 73 SQL Server 2012 Beyond-Relational Goals 74 Rich Unstructured Data and Services Ecosystem 74 x Contents Beyond-Relational Example 76 FILESTREAM Enhancements 76 FileTable 77 FileTable Prerequisites 78 Creating a FileTable 80 Managing FileTable 81 Full-Text Search 81 Statistical Semantic Search 82 Conguring Semantic Search 83 Semantic Search Examples 85 Spatial Enhancements 86 Spatial Data Scenarios 86 Spatial Data Features Supported in SQL Server 86 Spatial Type Improvements 87 Additional Spatial Improvements 89 Extended Events 90 PART 2 BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT Chapter 6 Integration Services 93 Developer Experience 93 Add New Project Dialog Box 93 General Interface Changes 95 Getting Started Window 96 SSIS Toolbox 97 Shared Connection Managers 98 Scripting Engine 99 Expression Indicators 100 Undo and Redo 100 Package Sort By Name 100 Status Indicators 101 Control Flow 101 Expression Task 101 Execute Package Task 102 [...]... and SQL Server 6.5 cannot be upgraded to SQL Server 2012 CHAPTER 1 SQL Server 2012 Editions and Engine Enhancements 17 Pre-Migration Post-Migration Upgrade Server 1 SQL Server 2008 Server 1 SQL Server 2012 FIGURE 1-8 An in-place upgrade from SQL Server 2008 to SQL Server 2012 Review the following link for a detailed list of upgrades supported from earlier versions of SQL Server to SQL Server 2012: ... on a SQL Server 2008 instance running on Server 1 When the upgrade is complete, Server 1 still exists, but the SQL Server 2008 instance and all of its data is upgraded to SQL Server 2012 Note SQL Server 2005 with SP4, SQL Server 2008 with SP2, and SQL Server 2008 R2 with SP1 are all supported for an in-place upgrade to SQL Server 2012 Unfortunately, earlier versions such as SQL Server 2000, SQL Server. .. An in-place upgrade is the upgrade of an existing SQL Server installation to SQL Server 2012 When an in-place upgrade is conducted, the SQL Server 2012 setup program replaces the previous SQL Server binaries with the new SQL Server 2012 binaries on the existing machine SQL Server data is automatically converted from the previous version to SQL Server 2012 This means data does not have to be copied or... install SQL Server, and restore all of the SQL Server data SQL Server 2012 High-Level In-Place Strategy The high-level in-place upgrade strategy for upgrading to SQL Server 2012 consists of the following steps: 1 Ensure the instance of SQL Server that will be upgraded meets the hardware and software requirements for SQL Server 2012 2 Review the deprecated and discontinued features in SQL Server 2012 Refer... Express is integrated with Microsoft Visual Studio Note Review “Features Supported by the Editions of SQL Server 2012 at http://msdn .microsoft. com/en-us/library/cc645993(v =sql. 110).aspx and http://www .microsoft. com/sqlserver/en/us/future-editions /sql2 012-editions.aspx for a c omplete comparison of the key capabilities of the different editions of SQL Server 2012 SQL Server 2012 Licensing Overview... investing in manageability With SQL Server 2012, they unveiled additional investments in SQL Server tools and monitoring features The following list articulates the manageability enhancements in SQL Server 2012: ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ SQL Server Management Studio With SQL Server 2012, IntelliSense and Transact -SQL d ebugging have been enhanced to bolster the development experience in SQL Server Management Studio... Self-service Usage-based FIGURE 1-1 SQL Server 2012, cloud-ready information platform To prepare readers for SQL Server 2012, this chapter examines the new SQL Server 2012 features, capabilities, and editions from a database administrator’s perspective It also discusses SQL Server 2012 hardware and software requirements and installation strategies 3 SQL Server 2012 Enhancements for Database Administrators... rganization, please contact your Microsoft representative or partner CHAPTER 1 SQL Server 2012 Editions and Engine Enhancements 15 Review the following link for more information on SQL Server 2012 licensing: http://www .microsoft. com/sqlserver/en/us/future-editions /sql2 012-licensing.aspx Hardware and Software Requirements The recommended hardware and software requirements for SQL Server 2012 vary depending on... 1 CHAPTER 1 SQL Server 2012 Editions and Engine Enhancements S QL Server 2012 is Microsoft s latest cloud-ready information platform Organizations can use SQL Server 2012 to efficiently protect, unlock, and scale the power of their data across the desktop, mobile device, datacenter, and either a private or public cloud Building on the success of the SQL Server 2008 R2 release, SQL Server 2012 has made... Support for Windows Server Core Installing SQL Server 2012 on Windows Server Core is now supported Windows Server Core is a scaled-down edition of the Windows operating system and requires approximately 50 to 60 percent fewer reboots when patching servers CHAPTER 1 SQL Server 2012 Editions and Engine Enhancements 5 This translates to greater SQL Server uptime and increased security Server Core eployment . 34 Support for Deploying SQL Server 2012 on Windows Server Core 36 SQL Server 2012 Prerequisites for Server Core 37 SQL Server Features Supported on Server Core 38 SQL Server on Server Core Installation. Misner Introducing Microsoft ® SQL Server 2012 ® spine = 1.76” PUBLISHED BY Microsoft Press A Division of Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, Washington 98052-6399 Copyright © 2012. disappear. Refer to the “What’s New in SQL Server 2012 topic in Books Online for SQL Server at http://msdn .microsoft. com/en-us/library/ms130214%28v =sql. 110%29.aspx for the most up-to-date